Communication Eng. Dept.

/ 1 stage / 2019-2020
CHAPTER THREE Transcendental Function

This chapter is study exponential, natural logarithmic, trigonometric, and

hyperbolic function.
Natural Log. General Log

loge x  ln x loga x
Inverse of Natural Log. Inverse General Log
e x  exp(x) ax

1- Natural Logarithms
The natural logarithm of a positive
number (x), written as ln x, is the value
of an integral.

If x>1, then ln x is the area under the

curve y  1 / t from t=1to t=x. For 0<x<1 ln

x gives the negative of the area under the curve from x

to1. The function is not defined for x<0.
 Communication Eng. Dept. / 1 stage / 2019-2020
CHAPTER THREE Transcendental Function

Ex1:Use the properties of Natural Log. to simplify the following expression:

𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
1) ln 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 − ln ( ) = ln ( 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 ) = ln 5 .
5
5

2) ln sec 𝜃 + ln cos 𝜃 = ln(sec 𝜃 cos 𝜃) = ln 1 = 0 .

1 3𝑥 2 −9𝑥
3) ln(3𝑥 2 − 9𝑥) + ln (3𝑥) = ln ( ) = ln(𝑥 − 3) .
3𝑥
8𝑥+4
4) ln(8𝑥 + 4) − ln 22 = ln(8𝑥 + 4) − ln 4 = ln ( ) = ln(2𝑥 + 1) .
4

1 2𝑡 2
5) 2 ln(4𝑡 4 ) − ln 2 = ln √4𝑡 4 − ln 2 = ln 2𝑡 2 − ln 2 = ln ( ) = ln 𝑡 2.
2
1
6) 3 ln 3√𝑡 2 − 1 − ln(𝑡 + 1) = 3 ln(𝑡 2 − 1)3 − ln(𝑡 + 1) = 3 (13) ln(𝑡 2 − 1) − ln(𝑡 + 1) =

) = ln(𝑡 − 1).
(𝑡+1)(𝑡−1)
ln ( (𝑡+1)

dy
Ex2: Find :
dx
 Communication Eng. Dept. / 1 stage / 2019-2020
CHAPTER THREE Transcendental Function

Ex3: Find the integral:


2
2x
x
2
(a) dx  ln x 2  5  ln(1)  ln(5)   ln 5
0
2
5 0



4 cos     
 
2

 3  2 sin
d  2ln 3  2 sin

2
   2ln(3  2 sin( ))  ln(3  2 sin( ))
  2 2 
(b)  2
2

 2ln(5)  ln(1)  2 ln 5
sin x 1
(c)  tan xdx   cos x
dx   ln cos x  c  ln
cos x
 c  ln sec x  c

HW: section 7.2

 Communication Eng. Dept. / 1 stage / 2019-2020
CHAPTER THREE Transcendental Function

2- Exponential

e x  exp( x)  ln 1 ( x)
 Communication Eng. Dept. / 1 stage / 2019-2020
CHAPTER THREE Transcendental Function

Ex1: Put the following expressions in form of y=f(x):

1- ln(𝑦 − 1) − ln 2 = 𝑥 + ln 𝑥
Sol:
ln(𝑦 − 1) − ln 2 −ln 𝑥 = 𝑥
𝑦−1
ln ( )=𝑥
2𝑥
𝑦−1
𝑒 ln( 2𝑥 ) = 𝑒 𝑥
𝑦 − 1 = 2𝑥𝑒 𝑥
𝑦(𝑥) = 2𝑥𝑒 𝑥 + 1

2- ln(𝑦 2 − 1) − ln(𝑦 + 1) = ln (sin 𝑥)

Sol:
𝑦2 − 1
ln ( ) = ln(sin 𝑥 ) ⇒ ln(𝑦 − 1) = ln(sin 𝑥)
𝑦+1
𝑒 ln(𝑦−1) = 𝑒 ln(sin 𝑥 ) ⇒ 𝑦 − 1 = sin 𝑥
𝑦 = sin 𝑥 + 1

dy
Ex2: Find :
dx

Ex3: Find the integral:

ln 2 ln 2
1 1
 e dx  
ln 2
3x
3  e 3 x dx  e 3 x
(a) 3 0 3 0
0


3

1 3 ln 2
e  e 3 ln 0 
 Communication Eng. Dept. / 1 stage / 2019-2020
CHAPTER THREE Transcendental Function

HW: section 7.3

 Communication Eng. Dept. / 1 stage / 2019-2020
CHAPTER THREE Transcendental Function

3- General Logarithm
General Log Inverse of general Log:

1- Derivative 1- Derivative d u
a  a u ln a
du
d 1 1 du dx dx
log a u  
dx ln a u dx
2- Integral  a u du 
au
C
ln a
2- Integral  loga udu   ln u du
ln a

𝑑𝑦
Ex: Find if
𝑑𝑥

HW: section 7.4

 Communication Eng. Dept. / 1 stage / 2019-2020
CHAPTER THREE Transcendental Function

3- Trigonometric Functions :
Function Plot
y
1- sin  
r

x
2- cos 
r

sin y
3- tan   
cos x

4- cot 
1 x

tan  y

5- csc 
1 r

sin y

1 x
6- sec  
cos r
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CHAPTER THREE Transcendental Function

Some Important Rule of Trigonometric Functions:

Differentiation and integration of Trigonometric Functions:

Derivative f (u ) , u=g(θ) Integration
1)
d
d
sin u   cos u du
d
 sin u du   cosu  c
2)
d
d
cosu    sin u du
d
 cosu du  sin u  c
3)
d
d
tan u   sec2 u du
d
 tan u du   ln cosu  c
cot u    csc2 u du  cotu du  ln sin u  c
d
4)
d d
secu   secu tan u du  secu du  ln secu  tan u  c
d
5)
d d
cscu    cscu tan u du  cscu du  ln cscu  cotu  c
d
6)
d d
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CHAPTER THREE Transcendental Function

4- Inverse of Trigonometric Function:

Function f(x) Plot
1- y  sin 1 x

2- y  cos1 x

3- y  tan 1 x

4- y  cot 1 x

5- y  sec1 x

6- y  csc1 x
 Communication Eng. Dept. / 1 stage / 2019-2020
CHAPTER THREE Transcendental Function

Derivative of the Inverse Trigonometric Functions:

Some important rule:

 Communication Eng. Dept. / 1 stage / 2019-2020
CHAPTER THREE Transcendental Function

Ex2:

d
Ex3: find sec1 (5 x 4 )
dx

Integral of the inverse trigonometric functions

 Communication Eng. Dept. / 1 stage / 2019-2020
CHAPTER THREE Transcendental Function

Ex4: find  dx
3  4x 2
Sol:

Ex5: find  dx
e2x  6

4
2dx
Ex6: evaluate x
2
2
 6 x  10
 Communication Eng. Dept. / 1 stage / 2019-2020
CHAPTER THREE Transcendental Function

The Hyperbolic Functions:

 Communication Eng. Dept. / 1 stage / 2019-2020
CHAPTER THREE Transcendental Function

Some Important rule of hyperbolic function

 Communication Eng. Dept. / 1 stage / 2019-2020
CHAPTER THREE Transcendental Function

Ex1: Solve

Ex2:Solve :
 Communication Eng. Dept. / 1 stage / 2019-2020
CHAPTER THREE Transcendental Function

Derivative and Integral of Inverse Hyperbolic Function:

 Communication Eng. Dept. / 1 stage / 2019-2020
CHAPTER THREE Transcendental Function

Ex1: simplify the hyperbolic function y  2 cosh(ln x)

e ln x  e  ln x 1 1
y2  x  ln x  x 
2 e x

Ex2: simplify the hyperbolic function

y  ln(cosh x  sinh x)  ln(cosh x  sinh x)

 e x  ex e x  ex   e x  ex e x  ex 

y  ln    ln  
 2 2   2 2 
 2e x   2e  x 
y  ln   ln   ln(e x )  ln(e  x )
 2   2 
1
y  x
x

Ex3: simplify the hyperbolic function

y  (sinh x  cosh x) 4

4
 e x  ex e x  ex 
y    
 2 2 
4
 2e x 
y     e 4 x
 2 
 Communication Eng. Dept. / 1 stage / 2019-2020
CHAPTER THREE Transcendental Function

Ex4: Find dy
if y  2 t tanh t
dt

dy sec h 2 t 2 tanh t tanh t

2 t   sec h 2 t 
dt 2 t t t

Ex5: Find dy
if y  sinh 1 x
dx

dy 1 1 1
 . 
dx 1  x 2 x 2 x(1  x)

Ex6: Find dy
if y  (1   ) tanh 1 
d

dy 1
 (1   )  tanh 1 
d 1 2

dy (1   )
  tanh 1 
d (1   )(1   )
dy 1
  tanh 1 
d (1   )