17.

0 Release

Module 04: Postprocessing

Introduction to ANSYS Fluent

1 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. April 12, 2016

 Introduction
Lecture Theme:
The purpose of CFD analysis is to obtain quantitative and/or qualitative information
about fluid flow performance of the system. This lecture will explain how to do this
both in CFD-Post and within Fluent.

Learning Aims:
You will learn:
• How to perform flow field visualization and quantitative data analysis on your CFD
results
• How to do this in Fluent and in CFD-Post

Learning Objectives:
You will know what post-processing options are available and how to perform the
post-processing work that your CFD simulations require
Introduction Overview Fluent CFD-Post Summary

2 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. April 12, 2016

 Overview

• There are two ways to post-process CFD results from Fluent

– Fluent post-processing tools – tools integrated in the Fluent solver
– ANSYS CFD-Post application
• A state-of-the-art post-processor for ANSYS CFD products.
• CFD-Post can run as a standalone post-processor, or within Workbench

• Both post-processors include many tools for analyzing CFD results

– Isosurfaces
– Vector plots
– Contour plots (shaded and graded)
– Streamlines and pathlines
– XY plotting
– Animation creation
Introduction Overview Fluent CFD-Post Summary

3 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. April 12, 2016

 ANSYS Fluent Workflow
Ribbon Guides Basic Workflow

• Setting Up Domain • Setting Up Physics • Solving • Postprocessing

– Read and check mesh – Solver – Choose solution methods – Graphics and Plots
– Check mesh quality • Setup basic options and controls • Visualize solution data
– Define mesh interfaces (if – Models – Define reports for – Reports
needed) • Setup Energy, Viscous convergence checking • Quantitative solution
• See Module 3 (turbulence), – Initialization analysis
– Convert mesh to Multiphase, … – Run calculation
polyhedra (optional, if – Materials
needed) • Create/Edit materials
– Transform mesh and their properties
(optional, if needed) – Zones
• Scale, translate, rotate • Cell zone and boundary
– Set units conditions
Introduction Overview Fluent CFD-Post Summary

4 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. April 12, 2016

 Part 1: Post-Processing in Fluent

Introduction Overview Fluent CFD-Post Summary

5 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. April 12, 2016

 Postprocessing in Fluent

• The tools built into Fluent have

the advantage of letting you
quickly review your simulation.
Since all the data is still in
memory for the solver, you can
readily stop your simulation,
interrogate the results, and
then modify / continue with
the calculations without
waiting for the file write / read
needed to use another
application

Introduction Overview Fluent CFD-Post Summary

6 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. April 12, 2016

 Postprocessing in Fluent

The results can be reported / plotted either on existing surfaces present in the model, or
on new surfaces.

Commonly used options are:

• A planar or cylindrical surface cutting through
the model (use Iso-Surface, based on constant
mesh value, of x-coordinate, or radial coordinate)

• An Iso-surface to create a 3D surface showing where

a given value exists (temperature, concentration)

• A Line surface (used for XY plots)

• A Point surface (used as a sampling probe to
show values at a particular point)
Introduction Overview Fluent CFD-Post Summary

7 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. April 12, 2016

 Postprocessing Rendering Options
The rendering options in Fluent allow control of
the look-and-feel of the post-processing plots,
including:

– Views and display options

– Colormaps for contour/vector plots
– Shading on surfaces using lights
– Annotation of plots
– Surface manipulation
– Scene composition using plot
overlays, different colors,
shading, transparency
– Scene animation (fly-throughs) Example of scene composition:
Overlay of contour and vector plot
with transparent walls to show
internal details.

Introduction Overview Fluent CFD-Post Summary

8 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. April 12, 2016

 Transient Animations

Fluent can create animations of transient solutions

in 2 ways
• Create an Animation Sequence
• Save static images through out simulation
− Use external software to create animation from image files

Both the above approaches require the animation to

be set up before calculating the solution
• All display options such as contour ranges and views
have to be correct before starting the run
• If a mistake is made, the solution needs to be re-run
Introduction Overview Fluent CFD-Post Summary

9 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. April 12, 2016

 Plots
Fluent provides tools to generate data plots of the solution:
• XY plots of solution variables
• Histograms to illustrate frequency of distribution
• Fast Fourier Transforms (FFT)
Other data files (experimental, computational) can also be read in to compare results

Introduction Overview Fluent CFD-Post Summary

10 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. April 12, 2016

 Reports
• The tools in Fluent can also provide numerical
data for analysis. For example:
– Flux Reports - these show the total mass or
energy flow through a boundary (a useful
assessment of convergence)
– Surface Integrals – these can show the total,
average or max/min values of any quantity
on any surface
– Volume Integrals – show the sum, max/min
or average values in a cell zone

Introduction Overview Fluent CFD-Post Summary

11 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. April 12, 2016

 Part 2: Post-Processing in CFD-Post

Introduction Overview Fluent CFD-Post Summary

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 Starting CFD-Post
Within ANSYS Workbench:
• If a Fluent Analysis System was used,
double click in the Results cell in the
Project Schematic after the solution has
been calculated
• If a Fluent Component System was used,
Drag the CFD-Post icon (Results) in the
Component Systems list to the project
schematic.
Outside of Workbench:
• Start > Programs >
ANSYS XX.X > Fluid Dynamics >
CFD-Post
XX.X = current version number, e.g. 15.0, 16.0, 17.0, …
Introduction Overview Fluent CFD-Post Summary

13 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. April 12, 2016

 Viewer Right-click Menus

• Right-clicking in the Viewer provides a

context-sensitive menu
– Right-clicking on an object (e.g.
Wireframe, Plane) shows options for
that object
– Can also insert new objects based on
the current location (such as a vector
plot on a plane, contour plot on a
surface, etc.)
– Right-clicking in empty space shows
options for the current View

• Click on the axes to orient the view

Introduction Overview Fluent CFD-Post Summary

14 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. April 12, 2016

 3D Viewer Files

• Save Picture in the CFX Viewer

State (3D) file format (.cvf file)
• Can then use the stand-alone
Viewer to view the file, rotate,
pan, zoom, etc
– Unlicensed and free to distribute to
your customers
– Can embed 3D Viewer files in
PowerPoints and HTML files
– Download from the ANSYS Website Type ‘?’ in viewer to
(search for “CFD Viewer”) see all hotkeys

3D FSI Results (Courtesy of CADFEM Gmbh)

Introduction Overview Fluent CFD-Post Summary

15 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. April 12, 2016

 CFD-Post General Workflow

1. Prepare Locations where data will be

extracted from or plots generated

2. Create variables/expressions which will

be used to extract data (if necessary)

3. Generate data at Locations

i. Qualitative data
ii. Quantitative data

4. Generate Reports
Introduction Overview Fluent CFD-Post Summary

16 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. April 12, 2016

 Creating Locations

• Locations are created from the Insert menu or from

the toolbar
– Many different types available (list appears in figure) and details
of each type in the appendix

• Once created, all Locations appear as entries in the

Outline tree

Use the check boxes next to each object in

the Outline tree to quickly control visibility
Double-click objects in the Outline tree to
edit
Right-click objects in the Outline tree to
Duplicate or Delete
Introduction Overview Fluent CFD-Post Summary

17 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. April 12, 2016

 Other Graphics Objects
• Vector Plot
– Can plot any vector variable; usually
velocity
• Streamlines
– Can proceed forwards and/or backwards
from a seeding location
• Vectors, streamlines and contours can use any
existing object as a base
• Volume Rendering
– Shades every grid cell with an opacity based
on the magnitude of a variable
– So for example, opacity could be based on
smoke concentration. The result will give
an idea of visibility though the smoke.

Introduction Overview Fluent CFD-Post Summary

18 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. April 12, 2016

 Variables Tab: User Defined Variables
• User defined variables can be used to form new variables
which are functions of the basic solver variables such as
pressure, temperature, velocity, mass flow rate, wall shear, ...
• Create new variables by Right-click > New… in the top half of
the Variables tab
• There are 3 methods for User Defined variables:
– The Expression method defines a variable via an expression, which can be a
function of any other variable
• Usually create the expression first on the
Expressions tab (Example in Appendix)

– Frozen Copy has been superseded by Case Comparison

– The Gradient method calculates the gradient of any existing scalar variable
• Produces a new vector variable

Introduction Overview Fluent CFD-Post Summary

19 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. April 12, 2016

 Tables
1. Create Table
• Select Insert > Table or use the
toolbar icon to create a new table
– 3D Viewer will switch over to the Table Viewer

• Tables allow you to display data and

expressions in a tabular view
• Tables are automatically added to the
Report
2. Create Text Cells
• Cells can contain expressions or text
3. Create Expression Cells
– Begin with “=“ to distinguish
– Expressions are evaluated and updated when 4. Use drop-down menus to
variables and/or locations they depend on change
assist expression creation
• This is not a spreadsheet
– Cannot reference other cells
Introduction Overview Fluent CFD-Post Summary

20 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. April 12, 2016

 Charts
1. Create Lines

2. Create Chart

3. Select Chart Type 4. Create Data Series

(Lines)

5. Select X and Y
Axis variables

Introduction Overview Fluent CFD-Post Summary

21 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. April 12, 2016

 Reports

• CFD-Post has report generation tools which allow for

rapid creation of customized reports
– To view the report, click the Report Viewer tab
– Use the check boxes to control what is included in the report

• Reports are template based

• Publish writes out an HTML or Text copy of the report

Introduction Overview Fluent CFD-Post Summary

22 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. April 12, 2016

 Case Comparison

• CFD-Post allows multiple cases to

be loaded simultaneously
• When multiple files are loaded
you can select Case Comparison
from the Outline tree
– Automatically generates contour plots of SST k-e
the difference between the two cases for
any variable
– The displayed views can be synchronized
between the two cases
• Expression syntax for Case Comparison:
– function()@CASE:#.Location
– E.g: areaAve(Pressure)@CASE:1.Inlet Difference Plot
– See Appendix for details of
Expression usage
Introduction Overview Fluent CFD-Post Summary

23 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. April 12, 2016

 State File

• CFD-Post State File (.cst) stores post-processing operations

− Locations
− Plots
− Tables
− Charts
− Views
− Report Format
− …..

• Reading a state file into CFD-Post automates this post-processing

• Workbench automatically saves and loads the state file
• Manual saving and loading needed in standalone mode
• Automated standard post-processing can be used for common applications

Introduction Overview Fluent CFD-Post Summary

24 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. April 12, 2016

 Transient Data and Animations

To create animations:
• Load a transient data set
− Collection of data files saved at regular intervals
in a transient simulation
− Either regular .dat files from autosaving or .cdat
files from automatic export
• .cdat files allow choice of what variables to
saved, reducing i/o time and file size
• Create objects such as vectors or contours
• Select the Timestep icon in the toolbar
• In Timestep Selector, select the Animation icon
− Opens the Animation panel
• Click the play button
− All visible objects will be animated

Introduction Overview Fluent CFD-Post Summary

25 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. April 12, 2016

 Summary and Conclusions
Summary:
• Post-processing can be performed using either Fluent or CFD-Post
• Many basic operations such as contour plots, vector plots and streamlines can be
performed in both
• Fluent may be more convenient when only basic operations are required because
the post-processing is performed in the solver – not necessary to write files and
start a separate program
• CFD-Post contains many powerful, sophisticated post-processing capabilities
including 3D-viewer files, user variables, automatic html report generation and case
comparison
What Next:
Post-processing is best learned in a hands-on manner. Details of the operations
described in the lecture will be covered during the completion of Workshop 3
Introduction Overview Fluent CFD-Post Summary

26 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. April 12, 2016

 Appendix

27 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. April 12, 2016

 Mouse Functionality
•Mouse button functionality depends on the chosen solver (2D / 3D) and
can be configured in the solver.
Display Mouse Buttons…
• Default settings
• 2D Solver
– Left button translates/pans (dolly)
– Middle button zooms
– Right button selects/probes
• 3D Solver
– Left button rotates about 2 axes
– Middle button zooms
• Middle click on point in screen centers point
in window
– Right button selects/probes

• Retrieve detailed flow field information at point with Probe enabled.

• Right-click on the graphics display.
•User can choose between classic ‘Fluent’ settings, or for mouse
behavior consistent with Workbench.

28 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. April 12, 2016

 Post-Processing in Fluent: Node Values
Fluent calculates field variable data at
cell centers

Node values are either:

• calculated as the average of neighboring cell data
away from boundaries
• defined explicitly on boundaries with boundary
condition data (when available)

Node values on surfaces are interpolated

from grid node data

Data files store:

• data at cell centers
• node value data for primitive variables at boundary
nodes

Enable Node Values to interpolate field

data to nodes

29 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. April 12, 2016

 Custom Field Functions in Fluent
• In addition to the basic field
variables provided by Fluent, it is
possible to define custom field
functions for use with the post-
processing tools
– In the menu bar Define > Custom Field Functions,
to open the Custom Field Function Calculator
panel

• Use the menus and calculator

buttons to form expressions from
the basic field variables
• Custom Field Function variables
will appear in post-processing
menus
• Custom field function definitions
are saved in the case file and can
be transferred to other case files

30 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. April 12, 2016

 Limitations of CFD-Post
Polyhedral mesh case
All mesh types supported
• Polyhedral, non-conformal, adapted, ...
• 2D Fluent meshes are extruded to thin 3D domains
• 2D axisymmetric meshes are converted to 3D wedges

Some data may not be in the standard .dat file

• Export through the Data File Quantities or the Export to
CFD-Post panels
• Note that for particle tracks this must be done (example in
DPM Workshop)

2D to Thin 3D
Model set-up information is not available in CFD-Post

CFD-Post is serial, not parallel

31 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. April 12, 2016

 Other Graphics Objects
Insert from the toolbar or the Viewer right-click menus

Vectors, Contour and Streamlines use existing Locations

Vector Contour Streamline Particle Track as a base

Vector Plot
• Can plot any vector variable
– usually velocity
• Can project vectors Normal or Tangential to the base object

Streamlines
• Can proceed forwards and/or backwards from a seeding
location
• Use the Surface Streamline option to visualise velocity “on”
walls

32 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. April 12, 2016

 Other Graphics Objects
Text: add your own labels to the Viewer
• Auto-text allows you to show time step/values, expressions,
filenames and dates that change automatically
Text Coord Legend Instance Clip Color
Frame Transform Plane Map
Coord Frame
• Insert a new local coordinate frame, useful for generating
plots relative to features in the model

Legend
• Create additional legends that are tied to a specific plot (the
default legend changes automatically with the active plot)

Instance Transform
• Create patterns and duplicates of the geometry
• Usually used to re-create full plots from symmetric/periodic
solution data

33 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. April 12, 2016

 Creating Locations

Domain, Subdomain, Boundary and Mesh Regions are

always available
• Boundary and Mesh Regions can be edited and coloured by
any variable
• Mesh Regions provide all available interior/exterior 2D/3D
regions from the mesh

All Locations you create are listed under User Locations

and Plots

All items contained in the Report are listed here

34 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. April 12, 2016

 Location Types
Planes
• XY Plane, Point and Normal, etc.
• Can define a circle or rectangle to bound the plane, otherwise it’s
bounded only by the solution domain(s)

Point
• XYZ: At coordinates. Can pick from Viewer
• Node Number: Some solver error messages give a node number
• Variable Max / Min: Useful to locate where max / min values occur

Point Cloud
• Create multiple points
• Usually used as seeds to streamlines, vectors

35 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. April 12, 2016

 Location Types
Lines
• Straight line between two points
• Usually used as the basis for an XY Chart

Polylines
• Also used for Charts
• Read points from a file
• Use the line of intersection
between a boundary and
another Location
• Extract a line from a
contour plot

36 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. April 12, 2016

 Location Types
Isosurfaces
• Surface of a variable at a specified value
Isosurface of pressure
behind a flap valve

Iso Clip
• An Iso Clip takes a copy of any existing Location and then
clips it using one or more criteria
– E.g. the velocity contour plot on the outlet boundary is then
clipped by Velocity >= 10 [m/s] and Velocity <= 20 [m/s]
• Can clip using any variable, including geometric variables

37 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. April 12, 2016

 Location Types
Volumes
• Mesh elements are either in or out of the volume
– Volumes will not be displayed as perfect shapes (for
example a perfect sphere) because the volume cannot cut
through mesh elements
• From Surface Location
– A volume is formed from all elements touching (or above /
below) the selected Location
– Can be useful for mesh checking
• Isovolume
– Base on a variable at, above or below a given value, or
between two values

38 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. April 12, 2016

 Location Types
Vortex Core Region
• Used to automatically identify vortex regions
• Best method is case dependent
• See documentation for details on the different
methods

Surface of Revolution
• Predefined options for Cylinder, Cone, Disc and
Sphere
• From Line is much more general
– Any line (existing Line, Polyline, Streamline, Particle
Track) is rotated about an axis

39 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. April 12, 2016

 Location Types
User Surface
• Provides a number of additional surface creation options including:
– From File: reads point data from a text file; usually export this file from a
different case
– From Contour: extract a contour level
– Transformed Surface: rotate, translate or scale an existing surface
– Offset From Surface: offset an existing surface in either the Normal direction
or by Translating

User Surface: From Contour

Method
(Note: It’s generally easier to
use Iso Clips instead)

40 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. April 12, 2016

 Color, Render and View
• All Locations have similar Color, Render
and View settings
• Color
– Select the variable with which to color the Location
– Set the Range (Global, Local, User Specified)
– Pick a Color Map
• Render
– Draw Faces: shows solid surface
– Draw Lines: shows mesh edges or intersecting lines between mesh
edges and the plot
– Transparency, Lighting, Texture…
• View
– Apply Rotation, Translations, Reflection, Scaling
– Pick a different Instance Transform
41 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. April 12, 2016
 User Defined Variables Example
• Goal: Plot an isosurface at VelRatio = 0.7

Vel local
where VelRatio 
Vel
VelRatio  0.7

1. On the Expressions tab create the expression for Velocity Ratio:

2. On the Variables tab create a new variable

named VelRatio using Method = Expression

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 User Defined Variables Example

3. Create an Isosurface using the variable VelRatio at a value of 0.7

VelRatio  0.7

43 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. April 12, 2016

 CEL
CEL - CFX Expression Language
• Allows the user to create equations (can be functions of solution/system variables) that can
be used in CFX-Pre and CFD-Post

Expressions can be:

- algebraic
– Velocity u * X
– tan(X/Z)
– log(T/T0)
- or integral
– massFlowAve(Total Pressure)@inlet
– massFlow()@inlet

44 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. April 12, 2016

 CEL Rules
The syntax rules are the same as those for conventional arithmetic
Operators are written as:
+ (addition) - (subtraction) * (multiplication)
/ (division) ^ (exponentiation)

Variables and expressions are case sensitive (example: t vs. T)

Mixed units are allowed in expressions as long as the dimension makes sense
• Cannot add 1.0 [mm] + 3.6 [kg] in an Expression
Expressions must be dimensionally consistent for addition and subtraction operations
(example: 1.0 [mm] + 0.45 [yds] is OK)
• You cannot add values with inconsistent dimensions

45 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. April 12, 2016

 CEL Rules
Fractional and decimal powers are allowed (example: a^(1/2) + 1.0^0.5)

Units of expressions are not declared – they are the result of units in the expression
(example: a [kg m^-3] * b [m s^-1] has units of [kg m^-2 s^-1]

Some constants are also available in CEL for use in expressions:

• e Constant: 2.7182818
• g Acceleration due to gravity: 9.806 [m s^-2]
• pi Constant: 3.1415927
• R Universal Gas Constant: 8314.5 [m^2 s^-2 K^-1]

46 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. April 12, 2016

 Built In Functions
Numerical functions and operators are also available in CEL
• Right-click when creating expressions for a complete list
• Custom functions with User Fortran can also be created
Function Operand’s Dimensions [x] Operand’s Values Result’s Dimensions
sin(x) Angle Any Dimensionless
cos(x) Angle Any Dimensionless
tan(x) *** Angle Any Dimensionless
asin(x) Dimensionless -1 x 1 Angle
acos(x) Dimensionless -1 x 1 Angle
atan(x) Dimensionless Any Angle
exp(x) Dimensionless Any Dimensionless
loge(x) Dimensionless 0<x Dimensionless
log10(x) Dimensionless 0<x Dimensionless
abs(x) Any Any [x]
sqrt(x) Any 0 x [x]^0.5
if(test, res1, res2)* Any Any Any (res1 and res2 must have the same dimensions)
min(x,y) **** Any Any [x]
max(x,y) **** Any Any [x]
step(x) ** Dimensionless Any Dimensionless
*if functions contain a test, and two result outcomes. The first outcome, res1 will be returned if test evaluates to true. If test evaluates to false, res2 is returned. Consider the following
example, where we wish to set volume fraction to 1 when X is greater than 1 [m], and 0 if X is less than 1 [m]:
if (x>1[m], 1, 0)
In this case, if the result is precisely equal to 1[m], the result is (res1+res2)/2
**step(x) is 0 for negative x, 1 for positive x and 0.5 for x=0.
*** note that tan(x) is undefined for np/2 where n=1, 3, 5 .. .
**** both x and y must have the same dimensions.

47 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. April 12, 2016

 Solver Variables
Solver variables are available for use in any expression
Below is a partial list of the available system variables:
• When creating expressions, right-click to access a full list
x Direction 1 in Reference Coordinate Frame
y Direction 2 in Reference Coordinate Frame
z Direction 3 in Reference Coordinate Frame
r Radial spatial location, r = (x^2+y^2)^0.5
theta Angle, arctan(y/x)
t Time
u Velocity in the x coordinate direction
v Velocity in the y coordinate direction
w Velocity in the z coordinate direction
p (absolute) Pressure
ke Turbulent kinetic energy Depending on your physics, some
ed Turbulent eddy dissipation
T Temperature variables will not be valid – e.g. you
sstrnr Shear strain rate
density Density need to solve heat transfer to use T
rNoDim Non-dimensional radius (rotating frame only)
viscosity Dynamic Viscosity
Cp Specific Heat Capacity at Constant Pressure
cond Thermal Conductivity
AV name Additional Variable name
mf Mass Fraction

48 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. April 12, 2016

 Variables Tab
The Variables Tab shows information about all available variables

Derived variables
• Calculated by CFD-Post – they are not contained in the results file

Geometric variables
• X, Y, Z, Normals , mesh quality data

Solution variables
• From the results file

User Defined variables

• Create new derived variables

Turbo variables
• Additional variables automatically created for turbomachinery cases

49 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. April 12, 2016

 Variables Tab
The Details pane shows information for the selected variable
• Different options for User Defined variables

You can replace any variable with an expression

• New values are stored in the results file, so you can close CFD-Post
and the data is retained
• Old values can be restored at any time
• Example: modifying results for an initial guess

Switch between Hybrid and Conservative variable definitions

• Only applicable to CFX results
• By default CFD-Post uses Conservative values for all calculations
and Hybrid values for all graphics; more details next …
• Can also switch between Hybrid and Conservative on the Colour
tab for each plot

50 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. April 12, 2016

 Hybrid vs. Conservative
• The finite volumes used by the CFX-Solver are constructed
from the mesh, but are not equal to the mesh elements
• Mesh nodes lie at the centre of control volumes

• Values are stored in the results file at nodes and represent

“average” control volume values

= Wall
• Next to wall boundaries you have a half control volume with
some representative non-zero velocity = Mesh Element
• This non-zero velocity is stored at the wall node
• But we know that the velocity on a wall is zero = Control Volume Boundary

= Half Control Volume

• Conservative values = control volume values Adjacent To Wall
• Hybrid values = specified boundary condition values = Velocity Profile
51 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. April 12, 2016
 Hybrid vs. Conservative
• For visualization purposes, ANSYS CFD-Post uses hybrid values
by default, because you usually don’t want to see non-zero
wall velocities

Hybrid
• For calculation purposes conservative values are used by
default
• This is good! For example mass flow is calculated correctly — a velocity
of zero would produce zero mass flow through the wall adjacent
control volume which is clearly wrong

Conservative
• So in most cases you don’t need to worry about Hybrid vs
Conservative since CFD-Post does the right thing
• User Defined variables will be derived from conservative values by
default
• Take care when interpreting plots! The range will be different for
hybrid and conservative values
52 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. April 12, 2016
 Expressions Tab
• The Expressions tab shows all existing expressions and allows you to
create new expressions
• Right-click in the top area > New

• Enter the new expressions on the Definition tab in the Details view
• Right-click to view Functions, Variables etc. that can be used to build your
expression

• Use the Plot tab to view an XY plot of the expression

• Must enter a range for one of the variables and fixed values for the others

53 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. April 12, 2016

 Calculators Tab
• Function Calculator
• Extract engineering data from the results
• Many functions, see doc to understand how they operate
• Same function used as when creating expressions

• Macro Calculator
• Run predefined Macros
• Write your own Macros and have them appear here
• More in Scripting lecture

• Mesh Calculator
• Mesh quality metrics and stats
• Field variables exist for all the metric and can be plotted
54 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. April 12, 2016
 Turbo Post-Processing
• The Turbo tab contains tools for post-processing turbomachinery cases.

Specialized turbo charts are Blade loading chart

generated automatically

55 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. April 12, 2016

 Charts: Type
• Charts can be one of three types:
• XY
– Standard XY plots based on line locators

• XY – Transient or Sequence
– Plots an expression (usually Time) versus a variable at a point locator
– Typically used to show the transient variation of a variable at a point
• Data files for multiple time steps must available

• Histogram
– Can be based on any locator that contains multiple data locations –
lines, surfaces, planes, domains (but not points)
– Plots a variable divided into discrete bands on the X Axis versus the
frequency of occurrence on the Y Axis

56 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. April 12, 2016

 Charts: Data Series and Axes
• Each data series corresponds to a location (line, point,
etc.) which corresponds to a curve on the chart

• Use the X and Y Axis tabs to set the variables on the axes
Add new data
• The remaining tabs are for various display options series

The Export button allows the generated plot

data to be written to a .csv or .txt file for use
in Excel, Matlab or other plotting programs
57 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. April 12, 2016
 Fast Fourier Transform
• FFT can be applied to signals to extract frequency data

Original Signal

FFT of Signal Showing

Dominant Frequency
58 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. April 12, 2016
 Reports
• CFD-Post has report generation tools which allow for
rapid creation of customized reports
• To view the report, click the Report Viewer tab
• Use the check boxes to control what is included in the report

• Reports are template based

• Depending on the information contained in a results file, a
report template will be selected automatically
• Right-click on Report to select a different template
– You can create your own custom templates or modify existing
templates
– E.g. add you company logo, add Charts, Tables, Plots etc

59 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. April 12, 2016

 Reports
• Use the check boxes to control what is
included in the report

• Double-click items to edit

• For example, editing the Mesh Report shows that
additional items can be included

• Tables and Charts are automatically added to

the report. Other items that can be added are
Comments and Figures.
• Right-click > Insert to add new items

• Can also right-click on each item to move it up

or down in the report

60 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. April 12, 2016

 Reports: Figures
• When you add a new Figure it will be listed in the
drop-down menu in the top corner of the Viewer

• Figures are not static, you can change them after

they have been created
• If you do not want to change a Figure, make sure one of
View 1 – View 4 is selected from the drop down menu

• To change the camera position for a figure (i.e.

rotate / pan / zoom) select the figure from the
Viewer drop down menu and move as necessary
• All changes are automatically saved to the Figure

61 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. April 12, 2016

 Reports: Figures
• When you create a Figure, you have the
option to Make copies of objects
• If you disable this only the camera and object
visibility is stored with the figure
– So changing global objects will always cause the Figure
to change
– Good if you want the Figure to update automatically

• If you enable this a local copy of all the current

objects is created and shown in the Outline tree
– Changing global object will not change the Figure, you
must edit the local objects

• In both cases the camera position and object

visibility can only be changed when the Figure is
active
62 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. April 12, 2016
 Other Tools
• Timestep Selector
• Transient results are post-processed by loading in the final data
file, then selecting different timesteps from the Timestep Selector

• Animation Timestep Animation Quick Probe

• Animate objects, create MPEGs Selector Editor
• More on next slide

• Quick Editor
• Provides a very quick way to change the “primary” value
associated with each object

• Probe
• Pick a point from the Viewer and probe a variable value at that
point

63 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. April 12, 2016

 Multi File Mode
• To post-process multiple files simultaneously
you can:
• Multi-select files when loading
• Or load additional results and enable the Keep current
cases loaded toggle
• Each file is shown separately in the Outline tree and
the Viewer

• Sync cameras
– All Views move the
same

• Sync objects
– The visibility of all User
Locations and Plots is
the same

64 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. April 12, 2016

 Files
• CFD-Post can interact with a number of different files including:
• Results Files
– CFX .res, ANSYS .rst, Fluent.dat
• Mesh Files
– CFX .def., ANSYS .cmdb, Fluent .cas,
• Import
– Polyline .csv, User Surface .csv, ANSYS surface .cdb
• Export
– Profile Data .csv, General Formatted Results .csv, ANSYS load file .csv
• Recorded Session Files (.cse)
• State Files (.cst)
• Macros (.cse)
65 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. April 12, 2016
 Files
• Results
• ANSYS
– CFD-Post is able to read ANSYS results for temperature, velocity,
acceleration, magnetic forces, stress, strain, and mesh deformation

• Import
• Locations: .csv files which contain point data which defines a
polyline or surface
• ANSYS Surface Mesh (.cdb): To allow for export of data on a
surface for use as a boundary condition in ANSYS

• Export
• Profile Boundary Data: for use in CFX-Pre
• General formatted results data
• ANSYS Load Data: Written onto an imported ANSYS .cdb file

66 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. April 12, 2016

 Files
• Session
• Session files can be used to quickly reproduce all the actions
performed in a previous CFD-Post session
• Session recording in CFX Command Language (CCL)

• State
• Saves a snap-shot of all objects
• Excludes actions (e.g. file output)

• Macro
• More later in Scripting and Automation lecture
67 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. April 12, 2016