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Distribution Constant

The distribution constant (KD) is the equilibrium constant for the distribution of an analyte between two immiscible solvents, representing the ratio of its concentration in the stationary phase to that in the mobile phase. It is useful for calculating the concentration of an analyte remaining in a solution after multiple solvent extractions and aids in optimizing extractive separations. The term is often confused with partition coefficient or distribution coefficient.

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125 views1 page

Distribution Constant

The distribution constant (KD) is the equilibrium constant for the distribution of an analyte between two immiscible solvents, representing the ratio of its concentration in the stationary phase to that in the mobile phase. It is useful for calculating the concentration of an analyte remaining in a solution after multiple solvent extractions and aids in optimizing extractive separations. The term is often confused with partition coefficient or distribution coefficient.

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Distribution constant

The distribution constant (or partition ratio) (KD) is the equilibrium constant for the distribution of an analyte in two immiscible
solvents.[1][2][3]

In chromatography, for a particular solvent, it is equal to the ratio of its molar concentration in the stationary phase to its molar
concentration in the mobile phase, also approximating the ratio of thesolubility of the solvent in each phase.

The term is often confused withpartition coefficient or distribution coefficient.

Expression
The ratio of activities of a solute, A in an aqueous/organic system will remain constant and independent of the total quantity of A
(hence ), so at any given temperature:

Distribution constants are useful as they allow the calculation of the concentration of remaining analyte in the solution, even after a
number of solvent extractions have occurred. They also provide guidance in choosing the most efficient way to conduct an extractive
separation.

Thus, the concentration of A remaining in an aqueous solution afteri extractions with an organic solvent can be foundusing:

(where [A]i is the concentration of A remaining after extracting V


aq millilitres of solution with the original concentration of [A]
0 with
i portions of the organic solvent, each with a volume of Vorg).

References
1. IUPAC Definition of partition ratio (http://goldbook.iupac.org/P04440.html)"partition ratio, KD". 2009.
doi:10.1351/goldbook.P04440(https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04440).
2. Rice, N. M.; Irving, H. M. N. H.; Leonard, M. A. (1993), "Nomenclature for liquid-liquid distribution (solvent extraction)
(IUPAC Recommendations 1993)",Pure and Applied Chemistry, 65 (11): 2373, doi:10.1351/pac199365112373(http
s://doi.org/10.1351/pac199365112373)
3. Katja Dettmer-Wilde; Werner Engewald (5 November 2014). Practical Gas Chromatography: A Comprehensive
Reference (https://books.google.com/books?id=l70xBQAAQBAJ&pg=P A23). Springer. pp. 23–. ISBN 978-3-642-
54640-2.

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