Bachelor of Architecture

First, Second and Third Years

Syllabus, R22

Jawaharlal Nehru Architecture and Fine Arts University

Hyderabad.
November 7, 2022, March 8, 2023, September, 12, 2023, October, 7, 2024

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 CONTENTS
S.No. Page No.
1 First Semester 3
2 Second Semester 21
3 Third Semester 39
4 Fourth Semester 63
5 Fifth Semester 89
6 Sixth Semester 124

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 Bachelor of Architecture
First Semester Syllabus, R22
(As Approved as by Board of Studies, Architecture on 07-11-2022)

Jawaharlal Nehru Architecture and Fine Arts University

Hyderabad

3
 FIRST SEMESTER
Course Structure for B.Arch.
(Under the OBE and CBCS, Effective from the Academic Year 2022-2023)

CoA group
Periods/Hours per week Marks End Exam
S.No. Course Code Course Title Credits
L/T/S P/F/O Total Int. Ext. Total W/J/S/P

1 AR22B1.1C Basic Design PC 9 9 9 100 100 200 S

Materials and Building
2 AR22B1.2C BS 5 5 5 50 50 100 J
Construction-I
3 AR22B1.3C Architectural Drawing - I PC 4 4 4 50 50 100 S
Introduction to Art and
4 AR22B1.4C PC 2 1 3 3 50 50 100 W
Architecture
5 AR22B1.5C Thinking for Architects PC 2 1 3 3 50 50 ---
6 GN22B2.1A Communication Skills SEC 1 2 3 50 50 100 P
7 SP22B1.1A Basic Digital Tools SEC 1 2 3 2 50 50 ---
20 10 30 26 400 300 700

Note: L/T/S = Lecture/ Tutorial / Studio; P/F/O = Practical / Fieldwork / Others; End Exam W/J/S/P = Written (3 hours) / Jury/ Studio
(5 hours) / Practical

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AR22B1.1C: BASIC DESIGN

End Exam
Periods Per Week Marks Type
CREDITS W/J/S/P
L/T/S P/F/O Total Internal External Total

9 0 9 9 100 100 200 S

Objectives of the Course:

A. Develop expression and creative thinking among the students through exploration of
elements and principles of design in simple design problem.
B. Inculcating systematic problems solving methods in carpentry elements and principles
2D and 3D designs in different mediums, colours and textures.
C. Sensitize the students to appreciate the architectural context of various building
typologies and slave the problem related to building elements.
D. Train the students to work in groups and put-up effective teamwork with inter-
disciplinary approach.
E. Train the students to express and communicate abstract ideas both graphically and
orally.

Course Contents:

Unit I: Design Elements and Principles

Theoretical introduction to Elements and Principles of design; Observation, exploration,
appreciation and analysis of nature with respect to elements and principles of design through
simple exercises; critical analysis of manmade objects and environment to understand the
concepts underlying in design; Analysis and application of elements and principles of design
using simple exercises;
Unit II: Shape and Form Transformation
Compositions in geometric and organic shapes using Elements and Principles of Design; Study
of gestalt principles; Extrusion of shapes to form using 2D graphics and 3D forms; Exercises
to explore shapes and patterns using grids, symmetry and asymmetry; rule of thirds in 2D
graphics; Exploration of 3D forms through addition and subtraction, solids and voids; abstract
forms; Making 3D compositions using model-making material;
Unit III: Application of Color in Design
Introduction to Color Theory, Color wheel, different schemes like monochromatic, analogous,
complementary, split complementary, triadic, square, and rectangle (or tetradic); color coding
systems and hue, value and intensity; psychological factors and their choices in architecture,
color compositions in 2D&3D.
Unit IV: Introduction to Abstraction
Development of geometric patterns by division, subtraction, and addition, and express them
with the use of colors; Two & Three dimensional Design Exercises involving abstraction of

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real and imaginary objects, drawing compositions and models; understanding complex of
forms using graphics and models.
Unit V: Building Elements
Conceptualizing and designing of various building elements like railings, sun-shades, flooring
patterns, grills, entrance portals, gates, murals and outdoor furniture appropriate to different
building typologies with the understanding of architectural context.

References:

1. Francis D.K. Ching, “Architecture-Form, Space and Order”, Van Nostrand Reinhold
Company, New York, 2007.
2. Simon Unwin, “Analysing Architecture”, Rouledge, London, 2003.
3. YatinPandya,”Elements of Space making”, Mapin 2007.
4. Krier, Rob. Architectural Composition, Academy Editions, London, 1988.
5. Meiss, Pierre Von. Elements of Architecture: From form to place, E and FN Spon,
London, 1992.
6. Shibikawa, Ikuyoshi and Takahashi, Yumi. Designers Guide to Colour.
7. Smithies, K.W. Principles of Design in Architecture. Chapman and Hall, 1983
8. Chauhan, P.(2005). Learning Basic Design. Mumbai : Rizvi College of Architecture

COURSE OUT COMES:

After the completion of this course, the student will be able to
1. Solve simple design problems creatively with clear expression within the frame work
of elements and principles of design.
2. Solve 2D and 3D design problems with a systematic approach in different mediums,
colour and textures.
3. Design building elements in different architectural contents for various building
typologies.
4. Demonstrate the ability to work in group to put-up effective teamwork with inter-
disciplinary approach.
5. Demonstrate the ability to express and communicate abstract ideas both graphically and
orally.

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AR22B1.2C: MATERIALS AND BUILDING CONSTRUCTION – I

End Exam
Periods Per Week Marks Type
CREDITS W/J/S/P
L/T/S P/F/O Total Internal External Total

5 0 5 5 50 50 100 J

Objectives of the Course

A. Imparting comprehensive knowledge to the students on the basic building materials
while highlighting the current innovations and trends.

B. Preparing the students for a systematic study of building materials in the scope of
ingredients, properties, manufacturing process, uses, installation and market price and
application in real life problems.

C. Understanding the basic building components and the Structural Systems of buildings.

D. Imparting Systematic methods of construction of buildings.

E. Imparting how to represent building construction in the form of drawings, instructions

and check the quality of work.

Unit I: Building Blocks

Introduction and evolution (dimensions and quality testing with brief description of the
manufacturing process) of building blocks;
Composition, properties and uses of various building block materials: red bricks, concrete
blocks, hallow concrete blocks, Autoclaved Aerated Concrete blocks (AAC), Cellular light
weight blocks, Fly ash bricks, Terracotta blocks, Compressed Stabilized Earth Blocks (CSEB),
Fascia Blocks, qualitative parameters of building blocks.
Stone: Introduction and extraction, Classification of rocks, Properties and uses of Stone:
Granite, Laterite, Quartzite, Marble, Slate.
Stone Blocks: finely finished, rubble.

Unit II: Cementing Materials

Manufacturing process of cement and its importance in building construction
Different types of cement: Ordinary Portland Cement, Quick setting cement, Rapid hardening
cement, Blast furnaces lag cement white cement, Portland pozzolana cement, Low heat cement,
High alumina cement. Lime: Classification, Properties and uses, Sand: Sources of sand,
characteristics, grading and bulking of sand. Cement mortar, lime mortar, composite mortar,
surki mortar; Laticrete and other block binding adhesives

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Unit III: Basic Structural Systems and Components of Buildings
Introduction to basic structural systems and its components;
Building Structure: Substructure (Foundation), Plinth, DPC, Super structure (Flooring, walls,
sill, lintel, sun-shade, the wall above the lintel, arches) and Roof: roof-beam, slab, weathering
course, parapet, and gutters. Types of structures: load bearing, framed and combined
construction systems, Load bearing structure- components, advantages and disadvantages.
Other components: Windows, Doors, Ventilators, Grills, Columns, Jali, Railings, Portico,
Porch;

Unit IV: Brick Masonry

Tools and equipment used in masonry; Principles of construction in masonry walls;
Meaning and need of bonding; types of bonds: English bond, Flemish bond, Rat-trap bond.
Technical drawings and instructions (to be followed on site) indicating the process of
construction of single and half brick wall in the above bonds: straight wall and L- junction;
Process of construction of walls using various building blocks with special emphasis on best
practices; Curing and Quality testing of masonry construction;

Unit V: Stone Masonry and Foundations

Stone masonry: masonry joints, stone walls, window sills, plinth, cornices, surface finishes.
Types of stone masonry: Ashlar, Coursed rubble and random rubble; Composite masonry:
Brick backed ashlar, rubble backed ashlar, and concrete backed masonry; Best practices in
stone masonry

Types of Foundations: stage-wise process of construction of foundations; basic principles of

foundation design; CRS foundations for load bearing walls;

References:
1. Barry. (1999). The Construction of Buildings, Vol- 1, 5th Edition. New Delhi: East West
Press.
2. Mahaboob Basha S. (2015). Building Materials, Construction and Planning. Anuradha
Publications.
3. Bhavikatti, S. (2012). Building Construction. New Delhi: Vikas Publications.
4. Bindra SP, Arora. SP. (2000). Building Construction: Planning Techniques and Methods of
Construction, 19th ed. . New Delhi: Dhanpat Rai Pub.
5. Dr. BC. Punmia, E. A. (2016). Building Construction, 11th Edition. Laxmi Publictions
6. Duggal, S. (2019). Building Materials, 5th Edition. Delhi: New Age International
Publications PVT.
7. Mckay, W. (n.d.). Building Construction-V, Vol 1, Metric 5th Edition. Pearson India
Edition, Services Pvt.
8. Dr. Gurucharan Singh. (2017). Building Construction and Materials, 16th Edition. New
Delhi: Standard Book House.
9. Varghese. (2019). Building Construction, 2nd Edition. New Delhi: PHI Learning PVT.
10. Varhese. (2019). Building Materials, 2nd Edition. . New Delhi: PHI Learning PVT.
11. Rangwala, S.C. Building Construction, 22nd ed. Charotar Pub. House, Anand, 2004.
12. Sushil Kumar. T.B. of Building Construction, 19th ed. Standard Pub, Delhi, 2003.
13. Roy Chudley and Roger Greeno,. Building Construction Handbook,(11th ed.).London
&New York:Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, 2016

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COURSE OUT COMES:
After the completion of this course, students will be able to:

1. Comprehensively learn knowledge on basic building materials with the current

innovations and trends.
2. Carry out a systematic study of building materials in the scope of ingredients,
properties, manufacturing process, uses, installation and market price with real life
applications.
3. Understanding and graphic representation of basic components of buildings in formal
methods.
4. Learning systematic methods of construction of buildings.
5. Learning to represent building construction in the form of drawings, instructions and
check the quality of the work.

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AR22B1.3C: ARCHITECTURAL DRAWING- I

End Exam
Periods Per Week Marks Type
CREDITS
L/T/S P/F/O Total Internal External Total W/J/S/P

0 4 4 4 50 50 100 S

Objectives of the Course:

A. Familiarize the students with different drafting tools and accessories and their usage.
B. Introduce the students to theoretical, practical and pictorial aspects of architectural
drawings.
C. Impart systematic methods to construct basic geometrical shapes in an accurate way.
D. Provide clear understanding about measuring and representing in scale the real world
objects.
E. Impart ability to make neat, accurate and impressive method of graphic representation
of buildings.

Unit I: Free Hand Drawing and Lettering

Learning: sketching, drawing and visual thinking.
Drawing medium such as pencil, charcoal, graphite, pastels, brush, pen etc. and applications;
Line strokes, shading, hatching, Indoor and Outdoor sketching of existing art, built and natural
forms, figure drawing.
Lettering: Typography and Anatomy of type, Architectural Lettering-Letter strokes. Exercises
in lettering used in architectural drawings including different letter types. Expression through
drawings and models;

Unit II: Basic Architectural Drafting

Drafting instruments and their usage;
Principals of drafting: Line weights, Line tones, Line types, text hierarchy etc.
Introduction to Geometry drawing and construction- elements of Geometry, Construction of
lines and shapes;
Construction of planes- circles, tangents, curves, sections and regular polygons and other
complex figures.
Representation of architectural materials and elements, Symbols, Human figures, vegetation,
entourage; Use of scale in representation;
Introduction to Pictorial Drawings-Isometric, Axonometric and Oblique views;

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Unit III: Measured Drawing
Understanding of scales- representation factor, types of scales, dimensioning and their use in
drafting practice;
Measured drawing of simple objects (like furniture, entrance gates etc.) and building
components.(like cornices, columns, doors, windows etc. );
Techniques of measuring buildings and their details, drawing to Scale;
Reduction and Enlargement of drawings
Building drawings: Plan, section and elevation;

Unit IV: Geometrical Constructions

Construction of basic geometrical shapes- Triangle, Square, Rectangle, Quadrilateral, Polygons
inscribed in a Circle;
Construction of plane curves like Ellipse, Parabola, Hyperbola, Ionic volute, spiral, and helix.
Representation of 2D and 3D elements in plan elevation and Sections of solids and true shape
of section such as prism, pyramids, cylinder, cones and spheres etc.

Unit V: Fundamentals of Documentation

Introduction to Documentation-need, objectives;
Identification of basic building elements and their representation;
Visual documentation techniques through sketches, freehand drawing and photography;
On-site documentation and visual analysis of basic building elements of a site;

Note: Unit V. Fundamentals of Documentation is purely for internal evaluation.

Reference:
1. Fraser Reekie, Reekies Architectural Drawing, 2006. ISBN 81-7649-086-5.
2. N.D. Bhatt and VM Panchal, Engineering Drawing: Plane and Solid Geometry, 42nd
Edition, 2000.
3. John A. Nelson, Wannostrand Reinhold, Handbook of Architectural and Civil Drafting,
New York, 1983. ISBN-0-442-26865-3.
4. Nickdunn, Architectural Model Making, 2nd Edition, 2013. ISBN 9781780671727.
5. Thomas Obermayer, Architectural Drafting (Residential and Commercial).

COURSE OUT COMES:

After the completion of this course, the student will be able to:
1. Measure the parts of the buildings, prepare and present different architectural drawings.
2. Demonstrate the ability to systematically construct basic geometrical shapes accurately.
3. Demonstrate the ability to measure buildings parts and graphically represent to scale.
4. Demonstrate the ability to make neat, accurate and impressive method of graphic
representation of buildings.

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AR22B1.4C: INTRODUCTION TO ART AND ARCHITECTURE

Periods Per Week Marks End Exam

CREDITS Type

L/T/S P/F/O Total Internal External Total W/J/S/P

2 1 3 3 50 50 100 W

Objectives of the Course:

A. Introduce the students to art, its theories and philosophies.
B. Explain relevance of art in architecture and their inter relationship.
C. Familiarize the students with the basics of architecture.

Unit I: Introduction to Art

Purpose and relevance of art, Art consciousness: Aesthetics, Perception, Symbolism,
Expression, Style, Fashion, Appropriateness and Values. Understanding works of Art; Its role
meaning and purpose in terms of basic characteristics and development as an expression of
culture; An understanding of basic vocabulary that is needed to describe a work of Art;
Appreciation, Analysis and Critiquing of artwork

Unit II: History of Art

Development of art; Timelines of Art History; changing nature of art through time in terms of
content, form and material; Characteristics of art in Pre-historic, Classical, medieval, modern
and contemporary periods; Art as an expression of Socio-cultural and political scenario of its
time;

Unit III: Exploration of Art Forms

Understanding types of arts: fine arts and performing arts; abstract nature of art; art forms: folk,
classical and pop; Nature and characteristics of art forms such as Painting, Sculpture Dance,
Drama, Music, The Film and Literature; Relationship between art and architecture;

Unit IV: Introduction to Architecture as a Profession

Understanding of architecture as a response to human needs, role of architect in a building
project, Architect’s relation with other consultants, contractors and client, the changing role of
architects, evolution of the profession of architecture with time;
Technical knowledge and skills required for an architect, various subjects to be learnt by
architecture students, their relevance to practice;

Unit V: Understanding Shelter Forms

Shelter as a protection from the ravages of nature, various factors influencing the shelter forms
in a region; shelter-form as a response to climate; relationship between house-form and culture;
temporary, semi-permanent and permanent shelter forms;
Architecture as a response to social, cultural, technological and environmental factors;

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Unit VI: Seminar on Shelter Forms
Shelter forms in various regions of the world, Examples of vernacular architecture in the world
with special emphasis on the vernacular architecture of India.

Note: Unit VI: Seminar on Shelter Forms is purely for internal evaluation and not for external
evaluation.

Reference:
1. Craven, C. Roy. Indian Art a Concise History.
2. Kumar, Raj (Ed.). Essays on Indian Art and Architecture. Discovery Pub., New Delhi,
2003
3. Fisher, E. Robert. Buddhist Art and Architecture. Thames and Hudson, London,1993
4. Ghosh, A (Ed.). Jain Art and Architecture Vol. 1-3. Bharatiya Jnanpith, New Delhi
5. James C. Snyder, Introduction to Architecture, New York: McGraw Hill.
6. Christopher Alexander, Pattern Language, New York: Oxford University Press
7. Thomas Mitchell, Redefining Designing: From to Experience
8. Rapoport, Amos, House form & Culture

COURSE OUT COMES:

After the completion of this course, the student will be able to:
1. Understand art, its theories and philosophies.
2. Understand relevance of art in architecture and their inter-relationship.
3. Become familiar with the basics of architecture.

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AR22B1.5C: THINKING FOR ARCHITECTS

Periods Per Week Marks End Exam

CREDITS Type

L/T/S P/F/O Total Internal External Total W/J/S/P

2 1 3 3 50 0 50 ---

Objectives of the Course:

A. Develop thinking skills and familiarize learners with the importance of thinking in the
field of Architecture.
B. Develop techniques of critically analyzing the issues related to complex problems and
real-world problems.
C. Develop problem solving skills and abilities in a creative process using conceptual and
graphic thinking.

Unit I: Critical Thinking

Introduction to importance of thinking in Architecture, Critical thinking: Benefits of critical
thinking, critical thinking as a tool and skill, critical thinking to encourage curiosity, creativity
and problem solving ability; Components of critical thinking;

Unit II: Creative Thinking

Creative thinking: disadvantages of depending on intuition, Convergent and Divergent
thinking,, creativity as a skill and process, Lateral thinking as a tool for creativity, difference
between vertical thinking and lateral thinking, the process of lateral thinking, techniques for
generation of alternatives, problem solving in design.

Unit III: Conceptual Thinking

Identifying patterns or connections between situations that are not obviously related,
identifying the key or underlining idea or issues in complex situations; Challenging and
improving the existing situation;
Looking for common factors in different situations and applying for problem situation, ability
to recognize the value of problem solving in new ideas;

Unit IV: Graphic Thinking

Visual thinking, use of graphic thinking in the process of solving complex problems; Use of
graphics in the process of design; Use of graphics in abstraction, analysis, exploration and
validation; Communication using graphics;

Unit V: Problem Solving

Defining complex problems, understanding problems, prioritizing the problems, identification
of potential causes for the problems, strategy and solutions, most feasible solutions, plan for
implementing the solution, improving decision making skills;

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Reference:
1. Randy Deutsch, Think Like an Architect, RIBA publishing, London, 2020.
2. Jonathan Haber, Critical Thinking, The MIT Press, Cambridge, 2020.
3. Edward de Bono, Lateral Thinking: Creativity Step by Step, Harper & Row Publishers,
New York, 1990.
4. John Adair, The Art of Creative Thinking, Kogan Page, London, 2007.
5. Daniel Kahneman, Thinking Fast and Slow, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, New York.
6. John S. Rhodes, Mind Maps, JJ Fast Publishing, LLC, 2013
7. Paul Laseau, Graphic Thinking of Architects & Designers, John Wiley & Sons, INC,
New York, 2001.
8. Paul Klee, Notebook volume I, The Thinking Eye Lund Humphries, London, 1973.

COURSE OUT COMES:

At the end of this course, the student will be able to:

1. Understand the importance of thinking in the field of Architecture.

2. Critically analyse the issues related to complex problems and real-world problems.
3. Solve real-world problems in a creative process using conceptual and graphics thinking.

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GN22B2.1A: COMMUNICATION SKILLS

Periods Per Week Marks End Exam

CREDITS Type

L/T/S P/F/O Total Internal External Total W/J/S/P

1 2 3 0 50 50 100 P

Objectives of the Course:

A. Develop LSRW skills and familiarize with effective language usage.
B. Learn techniques of formal communication- interpret, analyze and organize
information.
C. Introduce various genres of writing to the students.

Unit I: Basics of Communication

Vocabulary: Collocations; Grammar: Sentence structures; Non-verbal communication:
understanding how important our body language - gestures, posture, facial expressions are for
effective communication.
Understanding Non-verbal Data (flow charts, tree diagram, tables) Speaking Skills: Pictionary
or Describing Places / People/ Events

Unit II: Basic Writing Skills

Vocabulary: Words often confused; Grammar: Tenses and their uses; Writing Skills: Essay
writing – Types of Essay writing, How to write an essay. Letter writing (formal and informal)
and Email writing (formal and informal), Minutes of the Meeting – What is MOM and format
of MOM;

Unit III: Professional Speaking Skills

Vocabulary: Idioms and Phrases. Grammar: Direct and Indirect Speech. Public speaking –
Improve ability to communicate, overcome fear and anxiety, projecting confidence, develop
leadership skill; Presentations – Guidelines for effective presentations and structuring the
presentations;

Unit IV: Professional Writing Skills

Grammar: Active and Passive Voice, Degrees of Comparison – Positive, comparative and
superlative; Writing Skills: Self Expression – describing and conceptualizing students’ work,
Difference between Curriculum Vitae and Resume;
Review writing- descriptive and analytical review in nature, Resume writing: Writing a cover
letter: what is a Covering letter and how to write one; How to write a Resume – positioning
your resume to specific market and purpose;

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Unit V: Reading Comprehension
Vocabulary: Learning how to use a Dictionary (Both book and Online), Thesaurus- what is
thesaurus and how to use it. Reading Comprehension – Unseen passages (Factual, descriptive
and literary); Skimming, Scanning and SQ3R – understanding reading techniques and how to
use them; Reading Books, Magazines, Newspapers, etc. and their interpretation; Social Media
etiquettes; Attending academic and job interviews-Tips for attending interviews, Do’s and
Don’ts for an interview. How to start a conversation in interviews - Introducing one-self,
Asking questions and giving polite replies;

Reference:
1. Essential English–E.Suresh Kumar,P Sreehari,J Savithri
2. Practical Everyday English-Steven Collins
3. Introduction to English Phonetics and Phonology–Ulrike Gut
4. English Idioms in Use Advanced-Felicity O’Dell &Michael McCarthy
5. English Phrasal Verbs in Use-Michael McCarthy & Felicity O’Dell
6. Practice Makes Perfect-English Verbs- Loretta Gray
7. Speak Better Write Better English –Norman Lewis
8. Spoken English–Flourish Your Language- Robert Carmen
9. Make an Impact with your Written English- Fiona Talbot
10. How to Write Essays-A step-by-step guide for all evels with sample essays–Don Shiach
11. You Can Win- Shiv Khera
12. Who Moved My Cheese? An Amazing Way to Deal with Change in Your Work and in
Your Life - Dr. Spencer Johnson

COURSE OUT COMES:

At the end of this course, the student will be able to:

1. Demonstrate LSRW skills and familiarizing with effective language.

2. Interpret, analyze and organize information suitable for formal communication.
3. Articulate in different genres.

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SP22B1.1A: BASIC DIGITAL TOOLS

Periods Per Week Marks End Exam

Type
CREDITS
L/T/S P/F/O Total Internal External Total W/J/S/P

1 2 3 2 50 0 50 ----

Objectives of the Course:

A. Creating Digital awareness among the students that are important in the present
competitive job market.
B. Enabling the students to usage of the powerful content – creation tools which help them
communicate their knowledge in the best way.
C. Boosting student engagement in presenting their complex ideas quickly in visually
compelling ways.
D. Imparting the students with the evolving technology that allows them to create designs
in 2D as well as 3D environments as well as simple flash animations.
E. Introducing to the programming literacy and understanding web & mobile application
technology which will develop ones career and drive growth for the business and work
for own.

Unit I: Basic Operations

Introduction to various software for documentation, presentation & drawing purposes;
Operations such as creating, editing, formatting, saving in different file formats, compressions
and security, exporting, importing, and printing documents; Familiarizing with the use of
scanners, printers plotters etc;
Word Processing
Introduction to MS Word, toolbar, creating a new document, formatting text, inserting various
objects, preparing the reports in MLA and APA formats, Proofing and Printing; Advanced word
processing automatic indexing, merge documents, content page generation. PDFs
Spreadsheets
Introduction to Excel Spreadsheets, Formatting excel workbook, Perform Calculations with
Functions, Create Effective Charts to Present Data Visually, Analyze Data Using Pivot,
Protecting and Sharing the workbook, Proofing, and Printing, Databases / MS Access;

Unit II: Powerpoint

Setting up PowerPoint Environment, applying themes, working with Objects, Animation and
Slide Transition, Proofing, and Printing; Database packages MS-Access Introduction, Planning
a Database, Creating Tables, Working with Forms, Creating queries, Reports, Printing–
Importing data from other databases viz. MS Excel etc.;
Multi-media Presentations: Introduction to the multimedia presentation (like MS PowerPoint),
creating a presentation, opening an existing presentation, creating a blank presentation,
different PowerPoint views, slide manipulation, slide animation, slide transitions, view
slideshow, navigating while in the slideshow, hyper-linking to other applications, scanning in
different formats, setting of options, resolution settings, management of file size, integrating
partial scans of large documents. Pack up a presentation for use on another computer, taking
printouts;

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Unit III: All Picture Formats
Graphical Concepts – I: Raster Image based Software's (Adobe Photoshop/or Equivalent)
Getting Acquainted with Photoshop, Basic Image Manipulation, Color Basics, Painting Tools,
Brush Settings, Making Selections, Filling and Stroking, Layers, Advanced Layers, Text,
Drawing, Using Channels and Masking, Manipulating Images, Getting to Know the Work Area,
Basic Photo Corrections, Typographic Design.
Graphical Concepts – II: Vector Image based Software (CorelDraw/Adobe Illustrator /
Equivalent) Photo editing and Desktop publishing (application) – Import and export of photo
edited files, objects in photo editing, fills, outlines, total text control, basic toolbox of vector-
based software (like CorelDraw or Equivalent), color management tools, starting your page
right etc. Introduction to Adobe Animate / Equivalent;
Graphical Concepts-III: Document and Publication (Adobe InDesign / Equivalent) –
Layouts, Alignments, Master Layout, Pages, Size, Document Layout, Graphics etc..

Unit IV: Sketchup (3D)

Introduction to Sketchup, Understanding the Layout, Grouping and Components, Toolbar,
Creating Basic Shapes, Painting, Materials, and Textures, Rendering, Adding Text and
Dimensions, Importing plans and elevations, scale the plans, Aligning and Positioning Plans,
Elevations, sections, modeling;

Unit V: Web & Mobile Applications, Basics of App Development, Introduction to Web
Page Creation
Programming languages
Introduction to C programming, Variables, standard library functions, I/O statements,
branching statements (if, if-else, nested if, switch-case) and Looping controls (while, do-while,
for), break and control statements.
Introduction to Python Script and Programming

Reference:
1. Angela Rose, Microsoft Word In 30 Minutes, I30 Media Corporation, 2022
2. Alexander, Michael, and Dick Kusleika., Microsoft Excel 365 Bible. 1st ed., John
Wieley & Sons, New Jercy, 2022
3. Donny Wise, Microsoft PowerPoint for Teachers and Students, Lulu.com, 2015
4. Allan Hanson, Learning Sketchup: A 3d Modeling Guide for Beginners, 2017
5. Greg Perry, C Programming Absolute Beginner’s Guide, 3 rd Edition, Que Publishing,
2013
6. Eric Matthes, Python Crash Course, 2nd Edition: A Hands-On, Project-Based
Introduction to Programming, No Starch Press, US, 2019.

COURSE OUT COMES:

Upon successful completion of this course student will be able to:

1. Work with a word processing program and a desktop publishing software application
which helps them to create on their own with quality, such as essays, resume, flyers,
brochures, magazines, thesis reports.

19
2. Work with both raster and vector software which covers the gamut of image editing to
creating banners, billboards, posters, digital artwork and designs, icons, logos, website
graphics which can be widely used in advertising, branding or promotional content.
3. Compose effective presentations and slideshows and present complex concepts and
ideas with clearly understandable graphs and pictograms.
4. Develop general 2D layout drawing and 3D modelling skills which can be used across
various other platforms in any style they want.
5. Write simple computer programming and create simple shape animations.

20
 Bachelor of Architecture
Second Semester Syllabus, R22
(As Approved as by Board of Studies, Architecture on 08-03-2023)

21
 Course Structure for B.Arch.
(Under the OBE and CBCS, Effective from the Academic Year 2022-2023)
SECOND SEMESTER
Periods/Hours per week Marks End Exam

CoA group
S.No. Course Code Course Title Credits
L/T/S P/F/O Total Int. Ext. Total W/J/S/P

1 AR22B2.1C Architectural Design – I PC 9 9 9 100 100 200 S

Materials and Building
2 AR22B2.2C BS 5 5 5 50 50 100 S
Construction -II

3 AR22B2.3C Architectural Drawing – II PC 4 4 4 50 50 100 S

4 AR22B2.4C Structural Mechanics BS 3 3 3 50 50 100 W

5 AR22B2.5C Site Surveying BS 1 2 3 3 50 50 ---

6 AR22B2.6A Model Making Workshop PC 1 2 3 3 50 50 ---

7 GN22B2.2A Environmental Studies BS 2 2 50 50 100 J

19 10 29 27 400 300 700

Note: L/T/S = Lecture/ Tutorial / Studio; P/F/O = Practical / Fieldwork / Others; End Exam W/J/S/P = Written (3 hours) / Jury/ Studio (5
hours) / Practical

22
AR22B2.1C ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN – I

Periods Per Week Marks End Exam

CREDITS Type

L/T/S P/F/O Total Internal External Total W/J/S/P

9 0 9 9 100 100 200 S

Objectives of the Course

A. Understand design as a thinking and problem-solving activity

B. Learn experientially the theoretical aspects of design from fundamentals.
C. Learn the aspects of space-making interpreting form and function in design of spaces.
D. Recognizing the determinants of form in architecture with the help of examples etc.

Unit I: Design in Everyday Life

Basic definition (understanding) of Design, Basic definition (understanding) of Architecture:
commodity, firmness and delight; appreciation of Design in nature and manmade things,
Design at various levels: Urban Design, Architectural Design, Interior Design, Fashion Design,
Product Design, Graphic Design; purposes of Design, Design as a problem solving exercise.

Unit II: Unmeasurable and Measurable Aspects in Architecture

Quantitative and qualitative nature of aspects in architectural spaces,
Qualitative aspects: cultural, social, economic, comfort and convenience, psychological,
aesthetics; temporal, contextual.
Quantitative aspects: dimensions, area, volume, Anthropometrics, Ergonomics, clearances, air
velocity, temperature, light, noise; environmental response, structural.
Meaning of architectural spaces as an outcome of interaction between qualitative and
quantitative aspects.

Unit III: Differentiating and Delineating Spaces

Fluid nature of space, different types of spaces in built-environment, relationship between
spaces, meaning and symbolism of spaces in different contexts: sacred and profane, men and
women, front and back, private and public, habitable and inhabitable; concept of servant and
serving spaces
Open, semi-covered and enclosed spaces; Elements of Space making: floor, walls, openings
and roof
Architecture: the art of shaping space, concept of physical space, conceptual space and
behavioural space.

Unit IV: Form and Function

Form as physically manifested thing. Form as the outer shape and aesthetic expression of
things; form as an outcome of ordering and composition, components of form in design.
Function as the utility of space. Form as an outcome of the functional aspect. Form as a
complex set of relationship of spaces to be organized consciously so that the building performs
the task. Understanding form and function as inseparable aspects of architecture and how they
come together at various scales.

23
Unit V: Determinants of Form in Architecture
Environment of the building; functional aspect; region, climate, landscape and natural
lighting condition; materials; psychological demands of the space; spirit of time as explained
by Paul Rudolph.

Guidelines for learning:

Students learning progresses from a universal language of design to specific contexts in
architecture. Design is introduced as a Problem-solving activity which requires effective
methods. Design process and methodologies are introduced to help students learn
experientially problem solving in architecture. Knowledge of Anthropometry is applied on
small spatial settings. New concepts such as cognitive maps, bubble diagrams, Circulation
patterns, space clearances, User requirements, Case-studies and Desk- Studies are introduced
so as to integrate them into the thinking process.
Assignments to be formulated:
Small problems in design are introduced to help students integrate theory and observations
such as Form and Function into Architectural Design. Creative explorations are to be
encouraged. Some exercises introduced to this level are: Critical appraisal of small residence;
ATM, General store; florist; bakery; Coffee Shoppe, watchman’s cabin, bus shelter, Petrol
bunks, pavilions crèche etc.
At least two major exercises and two minor design/ time problems should be given. The final
submission shall necessarily include a model for at least one of the two main problems.
Integration: The design portfolio shall consists of doors and window details of the spaces
designed. The specifications of the materials to be written and a line estimate based on carpet
area, built up area has to be indicated.

References:

1. James C. Snyder and Anthony J. Catanese, Introduction to Architecture, McGraw-Hill,

New York, 1979.
2. Donald A. Norman, The Design of Everyday Things, MIT Press Cambridge, 2013.
3. Stephen Pheasant, Body Space: Anthropometry, Ergonomics and the Design of work,
Taylor & Francis, London, 2003.
4. Yathin Pandya, Elements of Space making, Mapin Publishing Pvt. Ltd, 2007.
5. Francis D.K. Ching & James F.Eckler, Introduction to Architecture, John Wiley &
Sons, Inc, New Jersey, 2013.
6. Leeland M.Roth and Amanda C. Roth Clark, Understanding Architecture Its Elements,
History and Meaning, Rouledge, Newyork, 2018.
7. Francis D.K.Ching, Architecture Form, Space and order, John Wiley & Sons, Incs, New
Jersey, 2007.
8. Brian Edwards, Understanding Architecture Through Drawing, Taylor & Francis, New
York, 2008.
9. Alban Janson & Florian Tigges, Fundamental concepts of Architecture: The vocabulary
of spatial situations, Birkhauser, 2014.
10. Charles Jencks and Karl Kropt, Theories and Manifestoes of Contemporary
Architecture, Academy Editions, New York, 1997.

24
E-resources:
https://www.oxfordartonline.com/page/1394 Aritist's Work/Artist's Voice: Louis I. Kahn: Further
Consideration
https://www.oxfordartonline.com/page/artists-work-artists- Artist's Work/Artists Voice: Louis I. Kahn: Lesson 1
voice:-louis-i.-kahn:-lesson-1/artists-workartists-voice-louis-i- What is Architecture?
kahn-lesson-1
https://www.chiararubessi.com/works/proxemics- The space Between The Proxemic in Space Design
spacedesign/#:~:text=According%20to%20Hall's%20definitio
n%20%E2%80%9CProxemics,The%20Hidden%20Dimension
%2C%201966).
http://article.sapub.org/pdf/10.5923.j.ijpbs.20130304.04.pdf Ergonomics and Design A Reference Guide

https://ftp.idu.ac.id/wp- Bodyspace Anthropometry, Ergonomics and the Design of

content/uploads/ebook/ip/BUKU%20ANTROPOMETRI/Bodys Work
pace%20Anthropometry,%20Ergonomics%20and%20the%20
Design%20of%20the%20Work,%20Second%20Edition.pdf
https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757- The Relationship between the Servant Spaces and the
899X/1090/1/012095/pdf#:~:text=Introduction%20Servant%2 Served Spaces in Single Families Residential Patterns:
0and%20served%20spaces,storage%2C%20or%20similar%2 Baghdad as a Case Study
0secondary%20space.
https://www.thoughtco.com/form-follows-function-177237 The Meaning of 'Form Follows Function'
The famous architectural phrase said design should reflect
activities
https://omrania.com/insights/the-multiple-meanings-of-
function-in-architecture/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lZGOyBzy5c8 Louis Kahn’s Architecture of the Room [Trenton Bath House,
Esherick House, Exeter Library]

Course Outcomes:
Upon successful completion of this course student will be able to:

1. Develop experiential relationship between theory and design in architecture.

2. Interpret human needs and experiences both qualitatively and quantitatively
into spatial aspects.
3. Experience architecture as differentiating and delineating Spaces
4. Understand the significance of form and function in architecture
5. Interpret the determinants of form in architecture from real-world examples.

25
AR22B2.2C MATERIALS AND BUILDING CONSTRUCTION – II

Periods Per Week Marks End Exam

CREDITS Type

L/T/S P/F/O Total Internal External Total W/J/S/P

5 0 5 5 50 50 100 S

Objectives of the Course

A. Impart comprehensive knowledge to the students on the building materials while
highlighting the current innovations and trends.

B. Prepare the students for a systematic study of building materials within the scope of
ingredients, properties, manufacturing process, uses, installation and market price and
application in real-life situations.

C. Construction of building components and the Structural Systems of buildings.

D. Impart systematic methods of building construction.

E. Represent building construction in the form of drawings, instructions and check the
quality of work.

Unit I: Wood
Timber, types of sources of timber and properties, drying and seasoning, moisture contents,
purpose of seasoning, natural and artificial methods; sawing of timber, shrinkage and distortion
in timber, wastage, methods of sawing, defects in timber; Use and application of timber in
construction such as doors and window frames, shutters, stair cases, floors, partitions, panelling
and false ceiling; alternative materials as substitute to timber; relevant IS standards.

Unit II: Plywood and Engineered Boards

Types of plywood and manufacturing process; types of laminates; laminated wood, veneers
from different varieties of timber, their characteristics and uses;
Industrial timber, engineered wood, black boards, MDF, HDF; gypsum and Processed Boards:
Synthetic boards, properties and their applications; Insulating boards

Unit III: Carpentry and Joinery

Terms defined; mitring, ploughing, grooving, rebating, veneering; various forms of joints in
wood work: such as lengthening joints, bearing joints, halving, dovetailing, housing, notching,
tusk and tenon, joinery schedule.

Unit IV: Doors

Definition of terms, types of wooden doors their making and fixing: ledged, ledged and braced,
panelled; hinged: single and double shutters; sliding, folding, revolving, pivoted doors,
louvered doors, rolling shutters; flush door and UPVC doors

26
Unit V: Windows in wood and metal
Fixed windows, Casement, top and bottom hung pivoted and sliding sash, cornered window,
french window, louvered window, bay window, clerestory window, dormer window, gable
window, skylights, fan lights, UPVC and PVC windows. Metal (steel and aluminium)
windows, Preparation of shop-drawings for metal windows. Fixing mosquito screens, grills etc.
Hardware: fixtures, locks, hinges, fastenings for doors and windows
References:

1. Barry. (1999). The Construction of Buildings, Vol- 2, 5th Edition. New Delhi: East West
Press.
2. Mahaboob Basha S. (2015). Building Materials, Construction and Planning. Anuradha
Publications.
3. Bhavikatti, S. (2012). Building Construction. New Delhi: Vikas Publications.
4. Bindra SP, Arora. SP. (2000). Building Construction: Planning Techniques and Methods
of Construction, 19th ed . . New Delhi: Dhanpat Rai Pub.
5. Dr. BC. Punmia, E. A. (2016). Building Construction, 11th Edition. Laxmi Publictions.
6. Duggal, S. (2019). Building Materials, 5th Edition. Delhi: New Age International
Publications PVT.
7. Mckay, W. (n.d.). Building Construction-V, Vol 3, Metric 5th Edition. Pearson India
Edition, Services Pvt.
8. Dr. Gurucharan Singh. (2017). Building Construction and Materials, 16th Edition. New
Delhi: Standard Book House.
9. Varghese. (2019). Building Construction, 2nd Edition. New Delhi: PHI Learning PVT.
10. Varhese. (2019). Building Materials, 2nd Edition. . New Delhi: PHI Learning PVT.
11. Rangwala, S.C. Building Construction, 22nd ed. Charotar Pub. House, Anand, 2004.
12. Sushil Kumar. T.B. of Building Construction, 19th ed. Standard Pub, Delhi, 2003.
13. Roy Chudley and Roger Greeno,. Building Construction Handbook, (11th
ed.).London&New york:Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, 2016
14. Willibald Mannes, Techniques Of Staircase Construction,1st ed. London&New york:
Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, 1979

COURSE OUTCOMES:
After the completion of this course, students will be able to:
1. Gain knowledge on building materials and the current innovations and trends.
2. Carryout a systematic study of building materials in the scope of ingredients, properties,
manufacturing process, uses, installation and market price with real life applications.
3. Represent graphically the components of buildings in formal methods.
4. Appraise systematic methods of construction of buildings.
5. Represent building construction in the form of drawings, instructions and recognise the
quality of the work.

27
AR22B2.3C ARCHITECTURAL DRAWING -II

Periods Per Week Marks End Exam

CREDITS Type

L/T/S P/F/O Total Internal External Total W/J/S/P

0 4 4 4 50 50 100 S

Objectives of the Course:

A. Appraise on the theoretical, practical, and visual aspects of architectural drawing
B. construct orthographic projections applying precise techniques
C. Comprehend the need for measuring real-world objects and spaces and their visual
representation in drawings prepared to scale
D. Acquire graphic skills and presentation techniques by using different artistic media
and methods to depict built environments in a realistic manner.

Unit I: Orthographic Projections

Introduction to Orthographic Projections, conventions. Orthographic Projections of points,
lines, planes and solids. Introduction to Architectural drawings- Simple Floor plans, Sections,
Elevations.
Development of Building drawings to depict important detailing- Furniture layout, hidden
elements, built-in furniture labelling, etc.

Unit II: Graphic Skills and Presentation Techniques

Composing of slides for presentation, sheet composition of drawings and designs for
professional presentations, Presentation techniques for basic architectural drawings like
bubble drawing, zoning map. Figure ground map, site plan, ground floor plans, sections,
elevations etc.

Unit III: Graphic Techniques

Data presentation techniques such as use of charts, diagrams and other info graphics
Using graphics and text to represent design idea and clearly communicate the details and
essential aspects Sheet background using title, story and content, composing for visual appeal.

Unit IV: Basic Rendering Techniques

Introduction to Black and White Medium- Pen and Ink; Pencil; Pastels etc.
Introduction to rules of composition, study of Light, colors and tones, shades, tints in
rendering exercises, Entourage. Tone styles-stippling, hatching, dots, overlapping, blending
etc. Exercises in rendering of 3D forms and documented works including scene setting.

Unit V: Basic Sciagraphy Techniques

Introduction to Sciagraphy - principles of shade and shadow. Shadow of lines, planes and
simple solids. Shadows of architectural elements- shades and shadows. Simple drawing
problem on orthographic projection and Sciagraphy for the same.

28
Unit VI: Architectural Documentation
On site analysis of major activity spaces, through scale and measured drawings. Preparation
of maps, plans, elevations, sections, views using different media of presentation such as
sketching, drafting, collage, photos etc. Documentation of progressive work on site,
preparation of report of detailed documentation for a historical monument.

Note: Unit VI: Seminar on Shelter Forms is purely for internal evaluation and not for external
evaluation.

Reference Books:

1. Francis D.K. Ching, Architectural Graphics, 5th Edition, ISBN 978-0-470-39911-8 ( pbk )
2. Dr. N. Kumara Swamy and A. Kameswara Rao, Building and Drawing, 2019, 9 th Revised
and Enlarged Edition.
3. N.D. Bhatt and VM Panchal, Engineering Drawing: Plane and Solid Geometry, 42nd
Edition, 2000.
4. P. S. Gill, Engineering Drawing (Geometrical Drawing), 11th edition, charottar
publications. ISBN 81-85749-62-0
5. Robert W. Gill, Rendering with Pen and Ink, Revised and Enlarged Edition, ISBN 978-
81-767-097-8
6. Albert O.Halse, edited by Spencer L. George and Helen A. Halse, Architectural Rendering
, International Edition 1989, ISBN-0-07-100498.

COURSE OUT COMES:

At the end of this course, the student will be able to:

1. Represent three-dimensional objects and spaces as pictorial views and two

dimensional drawings
2. Communicate technical understanding of simple built-spaces such as floor plans,
sections and elevations.
3. Graphically represent visualized design ideas and proposals.
4. Prepare reports on architectural information of buildings and spaces.

29
AR22B2.4C: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS

Periods Per Week Marks End Exam

CREDITS Type

L/T/S P/F/O Total Internal External Total W/J/S/P

3 0 3 3 50 50 100 W

Objectives of the Course:

A. To enrich the knowledge of students in understanding force systems, statics, and
equilibrium
B. To define and explain Mechanical and geometric properties of material used for
structural elements.
C. To understand the joints in structural elements and framing and the critical design
parameters involved in design of joints.
D. To introduce truss formation, its configuration in two and three dimensions and analysis
of truss as a structural element.

Course Contents:
Unit – I
Forces - Static forces and Equilibrium in a plane. System of forces, resultant and equilibrium.
Parallelogram law, Triangle law, polygon law, Lami’s Theorem. Resultant of coplanar,
concurrent force system. Couple, characteristics of couple. Varignon’s Theorem.
Lateral forces – behavior of members under lateral loads

Unit – II
Material Characterization – Mechanical properties of elastic materials like Strength,
Stiffness, Ductility, Toughness, brittleness, Quasi elastic and plasticity etc., Definition of
Stress and Strain. Types of stresses and strains. Stress-strain curve for ductile Material,
Hooke’s law, Modulus of Elasticity, Compatibility conditions- Bars of Varying Section and
Bars of Composite Section.
Relation between the three Elastic Constants - Poisson’s Ratio, Shear modulus, Bulk
Modulus.
Torsion - definition –as part of structural behavior, shear stresses under torsion

Unit – III
Cross sectional Properties – Area and lines of symmetry, Definition, formulae and
calculation of Centroid for some standard shapes like L,T,C,I , hollow Sections etc., Moment
of inertia - formulae and Derivation for calculation of Moment of Inertia to Rectangle, circle,
L,T ,C, I Sections etc., Introduction to shear center.
Stress Behavior in the cross sections of members subjected to Axial, eccentric and lateral
loads– Direct and Bending Stresses.

30
Unit IV: Mechanics of Joints (Bolted, Riveted and Welded)

Bolted and Riveted Joints: Introduction, Advantages and disadvantages, Sizes and Types
of Bolts and Rivets - Lap and Butt joints, Study of failure of bolted and Riveted joints,
Forces in joints, Strength of a joint, Efficiency of a joint. Unwin’s formula, Chain riveting
and Diamond Riveting. Reference to the IS Code clauses. Design of Bolted joints under axial
load.
Welded joints: Introduction, Advantages and disadvantages, types of welds, strength of
fillet weld and Butt weld. Design of the welded joint to plates and unsymmetrical sections
for axial loading.

Unit V: Two Dimensional Trusses

- Types of trusses, Statically Determinate and Indeterminate Trusses, Loads on trusses, 2-D
truss analysis (Cantilever & Simply supported) using the method of joints.
Three Dimensional Trusses, Grids - Definitions and behavior, code provisions.

Reference Books
1. Khurmi. R.S. Strength of Materials, S. Chand and Co. Ltd., New Delhi, 1999.
2. Ramamrutham. S. Strength of Materials, 7th ed. Dhanpat Rai Pub. Co. Ltd., Delhi, 2004.
3. Timoshenko. S. and Young, D.H. Strength of Materials, McGraw-Hill
International Editions.

Course Outcomes

At the end of the semester, student should be able to

1. Describe the force systems and equilibrium.

2. Classify the Engineering materials and demonstrate the material properties that helps
them to distinguish their applications.
3. Explain the sectional properties for a structural member.
4. Discuss the different types of joints in a structure and design few basic joints types.
5. Discuss the types of 2-D trusses being used and examine the force system in basic truss
systems.

31
AR22B2.5C: SITE SURVEYING

Periods Per Week Marks End Exam

CREDITS Type

L/T/S P/F/O Total Internal External Total W/J/S/P

1 2 3 3 50 0 50 ---

Objectives of the Course:

A. To learn measurement on a site.
B. To identify the levels on a site. To read a contour map.
C. To analyse and plan a building on a site.
D. To mark a plan on to the site.
E. To extract the measurements from images.

UNIT I: SURVEY METHODS AND EQUIPMENT

Importance of Surveying and Levelling in Architecture. Terminology, definitions and
Classification of Surveying. Understanding the Instruments and accessories for each type of
Surveying. Chain Surveying, Compass surveying, Plane Table surveying; Levelling
instruments, Dumpy level, Theodolite, Electronic Distomat, Total Station Survey, and Satellite
Imagery using GPS. Process of installation of Equipment on site, Temporary and permanent
adjustments of equipment.

UNIT II: SURVEY AND SITE PLAN PREPARATION

Difference between plot, site, land etc. Reconnaissance survey of the site to know the location,
shape, and various topographical factors, natural and manmade things; Preparation of notes
inclusive of preliminary hand sketches make quick notes; Importance of site Analyse site to
establish appropriate location for the equipment on site and to decide the survey method;
Process of taking site measurements using each of the equipment, precautions in the process of
measurements, possible errors and probable corrections. Importance of taking notes along with
readings in the Field Measurement Book. Preparation of site plan, deciding the scale of site
plan, marking the readings and measurements on the drawing sheet, representing the data on
the site plans, computing area of site using different methods.
UNIT III: LEVELING
Importance of Levelling in Site measurement. Identification of Bench Mark, Datum line and
Reduced Levels (RLs). Instruments used for Levelling, deciding the location of installing the
equipment for levelling, process of taking readings of levelling staff and marking them on Field
Measurement Book. Applying the Calculations to readings in field book, deciding the scale of
site plan, plotting the readings on drawing sheet, preparing contour maps with the requisite site
data. Understanding and evaluating the existing topographic maps and contour maps for
architectural design.

32
UNIT IV: METHOD OF MARKING ON THE SITE:
Clearing, cleaning levelling the site, understanding the site: orientation, outline and shape;
establishing the boundaries and site dimensions, setting up the reference line and benchmark
on the site, creating a right angle corner with respect reference line, marking the building block
as per the drawing and given setbacks by marking parallel lines to the reference line, confirm
right angle at all the corners of the block using 3,4,5. Check the diagonals to confirm to the
right angles. Mark the wall centreline parallel to the first two reference lines as per the
measurements given in the drawing, fix the centrelines properly,
For building with non-regular shapes, corners of the building to be established by intersection
of arcs as per the drawing.
UNIT V: EXTRACTING MEASUREMENTS FROM IMAGES
Updating with the latest technological advances in surveying methods, using Graphical
Interface methods, image lapping methods and virtual measurement methods in taking
measurements from the Digital Images; Using GPS to read the satellite images and extract
linear and angular measurements to the possible correctness; Image measurements and their
refinement. Introduction to Coordinate Systems and Image Measurements, simple scales for
Photographic measurements, Measuring Photo Coordinates with simple scales, Trilaterative
method of photo coordinate measurement.

Reference Books:
1. Surveying and Levelling by Surveying and Levelling Vol. I and Vol. II by T. P.
Kanetkar and S.V.Kulkarni , Pune Vidyarthi Griha Prakashan.
2. Surveying and Levelling by Subramanian, Oxford University Press.
3. Surveying, Vol. I & II by Dr. B. C. Punmia, Ashok K. Jain, ArunK.Jain , Laxmi
Publications.
4. Textbook of Surveying by C. Venkatramaiah , University Press.
5. Surveying, Vol. I & II by S. K. Duggal, TataMc-Graw Hill.

Course outcomes:
At the end of the semester, student should be able to

1. Learn to measure a site.

2. Measure the levels on a site and read a contour map.
3. Analyse and locate a building on a site.
4. Mark a plan on to the site.
5. Extract the measurements from images.

33
AR22B2.6A: MODEL MAKING WORKSHOP

Periods Per Week Marks End Exam

CREDITS Type

L/T/S P/F/O Total Internal External Total W/J/S/P

1 2 3 3 50 0 50 ---

Objectives of the Course:

A. Review various tools and techniques and incorporate them in visual communication
and model making.
B. Prepare models to present the architectural design concepts.
C. Learn photography of architectural models.

UNIT I: INTRODUCTION TO MODEL MAKING

Understanding of various tools and machines and their methods in model making; safely
guidelines in using sharp instruments and machines; exploring different materials used in
physical model making: paper, wood, metal and Fiber, abstract models, realistic models,
block models, planar models, solid models.

UNIT II: 3D FORMS (SURFACE AND SOLIDS)

Site models, mockup models, design process models, study models, final models.Making of
geometric models using paper, techniques of paper folding to create shapes into forms: Cube,
Cuboid, Pyramid, Prism, Octahedron, Tetrahedron, Dodecahedron, 3d Compositions.

UNIT III: CONTOURS AND LANDSCAPE ELEMENTS

Introduction to levels and contours, reading and translating into form with the help of
paper/cardboard. Road, Pathways, Trees, Scrubs, Pavilion, Pergolas, Outdoor furniture,
landscape lighting, railing, gate, compound wall, Vehicles, Swimming pool, Deck.

UNIT IV: 3D ARCHITECTURAL MODELS

Understanding the presentation technique for built forms; Block Models; Exterior build form
model: Villa, Hospital; Interiors model: Living, Bed Room, Kitchen, Toilet, Staircase; High
Rise buildings, Stadiums, decorative lighting on models.

34
UNIT V: DIGITAL MODELS AND RAPID PROTOTYPING
Process of Digital model making from file to finished product in digital fabrication, CNC, Jet
cutting, 3D Printing and Laser Cutting, preparation of digital models for printing, giving input
to machine using appropriate software’s; materials used in digital printing: thermoplastic
material, liquids, and powder grains being fused. Introduction to presentation skills in
photography
Reference Books:
1. Paul Jackson. Folding techniques for designers, Laurence king; Mac Win Pa Edition
2011.
2. Catherine Woram. Paper Scissor Glue, Ryland Peters & Small Ltd 2011
3. Eugene Felder & Emmett Elvin. The complete book of drawing techniques, Kandour
2005

Course Outcomes:
At the end of the semester, student should be able to
1. Students will get to know different types of materials and manufacturing techniques for
Architectural model making.
2. Gain knowledge to take decision for selecting criteria of material according to the
model has to be made.
3. Students get to understanding the role of presenting design concepts using three
dimensional models.

35
 GN22B2.2A: ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Periods Per Week Marks End Exam

CREDITS Type

L/T/S P/F/O Total Internal External Total W/J/S/P

0 2 2 0 50 50 100 J

Objectives of the Course:

A. Creating awareness among students about Environment and ecosystem.

B. Inculcating the importance of bio-diversity and its conservation in students.
C. Imparting knowledge to students about natural resources and how they need to be
consumed.
D. Sensitizing students to the issues involved in creating sustainable environment and
framing the policies and practices in achieving it.Prepare models to present the
architectural design concepts.
E. Establishing the need of co-existence between the human community and the
environment.

UNIT I: THE ENVIRONMENT AND ECOSYSTEM

Environment and Environmental Studies: Definition, concepts, components and importance.

1.1 Ecosystem: Structure and function of ecosystem.

1.2 Food chain, food web and ecological pyramids.
1.3 Bio geo chemical cycles in ecosystems (Carbon, Nitrogen and Phosphorous cycles)
1.4 Ecosystem: Structure and function of ecosystem.
1.5 Food chain, food web and ecological pyramids.
1.6 Bio geo chemical cycles in ecosystems (Carbon, Nitrogen and Phosphorous cycles)
1.7 Ecosystem: Structure and function of ecosystem.
1.8 Food chain, food web and ecological pyramids.
1.9 Ecological succession: Definition, types, concept and process (Hydrosere, Xerosere)
1.10 Bio geo chemical cycles in ecosystems (Carbon, Nitrogen and Phosphorous cycles)

UNIT II: BIODIVERSITY AND ITS CONSERVATIONS

2.1 Definition, concept, levels and values of biodiversity.
2.2 Biodiversity of India, India as a mega diversity nation, hotspots of biodiversity.
2.3 Threats of biodiversity (habitat loss, poaching of wildlife and man wildlife conflicts).
2.4 Conservation of biodiversity: In-situ conservation: ex-situ conservation.
2.5 Eco-tourism - concept of protected area network with special reference to wild life
reserves in the region.

36
UNIT III: NATURAL RESOURCES AND THEIR CONSERVATION

3.1 Forest Resources: Uses and over-exploitation of forests and consequences of

deforestation.
3.2 Water Resources: Use and consequences of over-utilization - concept of rain water
harvesting and watershed management - water conflicts.
3.3 Food Resources: Sources of food - impact of modern agriculture on environment
(Fertilizer-pesticide problem, water logging and salinity) - organic farming.
3.4 Energy Resources: Renewable and non-renewable energy sources - growing energy
needs and alternate energy sources.
3.5 Land Resources: Global land use patterns, soil erosion, and desertification and
wasteland reclamation - The Save Soil movement.

UNIT IV: ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES AND PRACTICES

4.1 Climate changes - global warming - ozone layer depletion - acid rain and their impacts
on human communities and agriculture.
4.2 Environment Laws: Environmental Pollution.
Definition, Cause, effects and control measures of:
(a) Air pollution (b) Water pollution (c) Soil pollution (d) Marine pollution (e) Noise
pollution (f) Thermal pollution (g) Nuclear hazards

Role of an individual in pollution control & pollution case studies.

Wildlife Protection Act; Forest Conservation Act; Water (Prevention and control of
Pollution) Act; Air (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act; Environment Protection
Act; Biodiversity Act.
4.3 International agreements: Montreal Protocol; Kyoto Protocol and Climate
Negotiations; Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD).
4.4 Protected area network - tribal populations and rights - human wildlife conflicts in
Indian context.

UNIT V: HUMAN COMMUNITIES AND THE ENVIRONMENT

5.1 Human population growth: Impacts on Environment, Human Health and Welfare.
5.2 From unsustainable to sustainable development - Urban problems related to
Energy - Water conservation, rainwater harvesting, and watershed management -
resettlement and rehabilitation of people & case studies.
5.3 Environmental Disaster: Natural disasters - floods, earthquake, cyclones, tsunami
and landslides; Man-made disasters: Bhopal and Chernobyl disasters - Disaster
Management.
5.4 Environmental movements: Bishnois Chipko, Silent Valley, Big Dam Movements.
5.5 Environmental ethics: Role of gender and cultures in environmental conservation
issues and possible solutions.
5.6 Environmental education and public awareness - Consumerism and waste products
- Solid Waste Management: Causes, effects and control measures of urban and
industrial wastes.

37
Reference Books:
1. Environmental Studies: From Crisis to Cure by R. Rajagopalan (Oxford University
Press).
2. Essentials of Ecology and Environmental Science by S.V.S. Rana (Prentice Hall India
Learning Private Limited, New Delhi).
3. Introduction to Environment Management, M.M. Sulphey & M.M. Safeer (Prentice
Hall India Learning Private Limited, New Delhi) (2015).
4. Environmental Law by Surender Kumar Sharma (Wisdom Press, New Delhi) (2015).
5. Ecology and Environment by P.D. Sharma (Rastogi Publications) (2018).
6. Environmental Science by S.C. Santra (New Central Book Agency, Kolkata) (2016).
7. Text Book of Environmental Studies for Undergraduate Courses by Erach Bharucha
for University Grants Commission (Orient Blackswan Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi).
8. Sustainable Development Goals and Indian Cities – Inclusion, Diversity and Citizen
Rights (Part I), edited by Ashok Kumar & D.S Meshram (Routledge India, New Delhi).

Course Outcomes:

At the end of the semester, student should be able to:

1. Define the basic concepts of the environment & eco-systems and their concerns and
issues.
2. Apply their knowledge for efficiently conserving natural resources and achieving
sustainable development.
3. Analyze the importance of biodiversity and its conservation.
4. Synthesize the policies and practices formulated by the Government and other agencies
and propose alternative solutions and strategies.
5. Evaluate the relationship existing between human communities and their surrounding
environment.

38
 Bachelor of Architecture

Second Year: Third Semester Syllabus, R22

(As Approved as by Board of Studies, Architecture on 12-09-2023)

39
 Course Structure for B.Arch.
(Under the OBE and CBCS, Effective from the Academic Year 2022-2023)
THIRD SEMESTER

End
Periods/Hours per week Marks
Exam

CoA group
S.No Course Code Course Title Credits
L/T/S P/F/O Total Int. Ext. Total W/J/S/P

1 AR22B3.1C Architectural Design – II PC 9 9 9 100 100 200 J

Materials and Building
2 AR22B3.2C BS 5 5 5 50 50 100 S
Construction III
Perspective and
3 AR22B3.3C PC 4 4 4 50 50 ---
Rendering

4 AR22B3.4C History of Architecture – I PC 3 3 3 50 50 100 W

5 AR22B3.5C Structural Analysis - I BS 3 3 3 50 50 100 W

6 GN22B3.1A Universal Human Values SEC 3 3 3 50 50 100 J

Climatology for Built
7 AR22B3.6C BS 2 1 3 3 50 50 100 W
Environment
25 5 30 30 400 350 750

Note: L/T/S = Lecture/ Tutorial / Studio; P/F/O = Practical / Fieldwork / Others; End Exam W/J/S/P = Written (3 hours) / Jury/ Studio
(5 hours) / Practical

40
AR22B3.1C ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN – II

Periods Per Week Marks End Exam

Credits
L/T/S P/F/O Total Internal External Total W/J/S/P
9 0 9 9 100 100 200 J

Objectives of the Course:

A. To introduce the students to the pre-design phase and provide effective tools and
methods in dealing with them.
B. Emphasize the role of conceptual and creative thinking in the ideation phase using
elements of visual language
C. Develop a critical understanding of context specific approach in design.

Unit I: Design Process

Understanding design as a cyclic process, iterative process for refinement, different stages
involved in design: Pre-design studies, conceptual design, design development, evaluation and
validation; design as analysis, synthesis and evaluation; design as Problem solving and decision
making;
Unit II: Case Study
Case-study method of research, enumeration of standards, selecting appropriate case,
observations, documentation, analysis, inferences leading to design,
Study of form: built-form, structure, style, elements and meaning
Function: building type, served and servant spaces, circulation system, zoning, diagrammatic
representation of figure-ground, circulation, orientation and sun path, lighting, air flow
Structure: structural system, materiality, construction and services
Unit III: Understanding the context
Site and the environs: geographical, cultural and historical concerns; temporal, socio-economic
aspects, climate and ecological aspects
Site analysis: understand the physical and environmental context of the site, including
topography, climate, vegetation, and views, building orientation, site layout, landscaping and
sustainability;
Cultural and historical research: understand the cultural and historical context of the site and
its surrounding area. Understanding local traditions, culture, and architectural styles, historical
events and landmarks

41
Unit IV: Problem Seeking
Critical appraisal of real-world situations, enumerating standards, listing of activities, spaces
for activities, relevant spaces pertinent to building typology, quantity and quality of spaces;
relationship between spaces: adjacencies, bubble diagrams;
Identifying the problem, understanding the problem, and define the design problem clearly; to
prepare the design the program.
Unit V: Concept Formulation
Constraints or opportunities presented by the context of the site and typology of the building,
abstract and graphical representation of ideas leading to the solution, Concept as a theme or
central idea driving the design, metaphors in concept formation.
Guidelines for learning:
Dealing with the complexity of multiple spaces and their inter-relationships is the focus in this
semester. Students need to sensitize themselves to the user requirements, design process,
understanding the context and problem solving. Students are advised to more pursue more
alternatives and do many iterations and refinements to their design in order to gain experience
in solving real life problems.
Assignments to be formulated:
At least one major design exercise and one minor design in this semester.
In the major design exercise, emphasis to be given to the process and methods of design. Efforts
have to be made to build-on what students have learnt in the previous semesters and integrate
the learning in the present semester to ensure a systematic learning experience to the students.
Students are to be encouraged in pursuing more alternatives. Students are to be encouraged to
use physical model as a tool to visualize and validate their design.
The minor problems can be a Design Charrette or a time problem.
Type of Design Problems: Kindergarten, Balwadi, Primary Health Center, Architect’s office,
departmental store, Police Station, Post office, Café, Food Courts, Food Plaza, Plug and Play
facility, Day Care, Small Bank, Doctor’s clinic, Beauty Saloon etc.
Integration: The design portfolio shall consist of construction details of the spaces designed
and the details of the building structural components in RCC. The students are expected make
the staircase details as part of the portfolio. The built-up area has to be indicated; the
specifications of the materials to be written, construction techniques, structural systems used
and the elements of built forms to become part of portfolio. Approximate estimate based on
built-up area to be worked out.
Reference:
1. Karl Aspelund, The Design Process, 3rd Edition, Fairchild books, 2015.
2. William M.Pena, Steven A.Parshall,Problem Seeking: An Architectural Programming
Primer, 5th Edition, John Wiley & Sons; 2012.
3. James Tait, The Architecture Concept Book, 1st Edition, Thames and Hudson, 2013.
4. Geoffrey Makstutis, Design Process In Architecture, Laurence King Publishing, 2018.

42
 5. Joy W. Siegel, Thinking by Making: Architecture Design process Documented and
Demystified, Blurb,2023.
6. Gaston Bachelard, The Poetic of Space, Penguin Classics, 2014.

E-resources:
https://www.re-thinkingthefuture.com/2021/01/12/a2830-8-concepts-
Architecture Concepts :8 Concepts
trending-among-architecture-students/
trending among Architecture Students
https://www.firstinarchitecture.co.uk/architecture-design-process/ Architecture Design Process
https://www.gov.wales/sites/default/files/publications/2018-09/site-
Site and Context Analysis
context-analysis-guide.pdf
https://www.re-thinkingthefuture.com/rtf-fresh-
A checklist for architectural case studies
perspectives/a1730-a-checklist-for-architectural-case-studies/
https://archexamacademy.com/download/Programming-
Problem Seeking
Planning-Practice/PPP_ProblemSeekingPena.pdf
https://www.firstinarchitecture.co.uk/how-to-develop-
how to develop architectural concepts
architectural-concepts/

COURSE OUTCOMES:
Upon successful completion of the course the students will be able to:

COURSE
DESCRIPTION
OUTCOME
Develop an effective design process model that familiarizes the students to the
CO1 iterative nature of design.
Formulate methods of Case-study as an important phase in the design cycle
CO2 and equip the students with necessary tools, procedural knowledge and skills

Investigate the Problem-Seeking methodology as a primer to gain in depth

CO3 understanding of the design problem before an effective solution could be
conceived.
Create articulated design by adopting meaningful design rationale and engage
CO4 in conceptual thinking to generate creative design concepts.
Generate design solutions for diverse contextual settings such as user, site,
CO5 built space, etc.
COURSE OUTCOMES PROGRAM OUTCOMES MAPPING:

CO/PO PO- PO- PO- PO- PO- PO- PO- PO- PO- PO- PO- PO- PSO PSO
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2

CO 1 2 3 - 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 - 3 1 1

CO 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 3 3 1 2 2 3

43
CO 3 2 2 2 - 2 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 3 2

CO 4 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 - 1 3 2 2 2 3

1 - Low Correlation 2 - Medium Correlation 3 - High Correlation

44
AR22B3.2C MATERIALS AND BUILDING CONSTRUCTION – III
End Exam
Periods Per Week Marks
Type
CREDITS
L/T/S P/F/O Total Internal External Total W/J/S/P
5 0 5 5 50 50 100 S

Objectives of the Course:

A. Imparting comprehensive knowledge to the students on the building materials while
highlighting the current innovations and trends.

B. Preparing the students for a systematic study of building materials in the scope of
ingredients, manufacturing process, properties, uses, installation and market price and
application in real life problems.

C. Toexplore materials like Glass and Floorings materials and the methods and techniques
for constructing RCC components in building projects with comprehensive
understanding of the underlying theory.

D. To combine theoretical and practical instruction and equip the students to apply the
knowledge to real-world situations, enabling them to make informed decisions when
designing and constructing with RCC.

E. Imparting how to represent building construction methods in the form of drawings,

instructions and check the quality of work on site

UNIT I: Glass and Glass Products:

Composition and manufacturing of float glass, types of glass:clear glass, tinted glass, wired
glass, laminated glass; Properties of glass and use of glass in buildings; Special glasses:
tempered glass, structural glass, glass blocks, glass-crete, and fiber glass.
UNIT II: Floorings:

Essential requirements of a flooring material, criteria for selection of flooring material, natural
and artificial materials for flooring; Properties of natural flooring materials: Kadapa stone,
Kotah stone, Tandur stone, marble, flag stone, sandstone, rubber, wooden;Properties of
artificial flooring materials: cement concrete, brick, terrazzo, vitrified tiles, ceramic tiles,
Linoleum, PVC and PVA floorings, granolithic;
UNIT III: Introduction to R.C.C.:

Understanding the properties and characteristics of RCC, Advantages and disadvantages of

RCC: Cast-in-situ and pre-cast constructional methods in RCC. Constructional methods in
RCC: ingredients, mixing, pouring, machinery and tools used in RCC; Structural components
of typical R.C.C. framed structure. Observing junctions of RCC beams and columns use of
Ready Mix Concrete.

45
UNIT IV: R.C.C. Building components:
Foundations: Isolated footing viz. rectangular and trapezoidal footings, combined footings,
shoe foundations, raft foundation and pile foundation. Step by step procedure for laying
foundation and detailed construction process, Soil bearing capacity, criteria for deciding the
type of foundation,
RCC columns – different shapes, different combinations and loading conditions, placing
column footers, maintaining the plumb and orthogonality over the height of column and
number of stories
RCC beams: Single and doubly reinforced beams, T and L beams, continuous beams, lintels
and brackets, cover blocks, spacer bars, layers of Reinforcement : RCC slabs: One way and
two way slabs, Reinforcement placing in cantilever slabs , chairs for Reinforcement. R.C.C
Balconies, Chajjas.
UNIT V: Staircases:
Principles of staircase construction and its elements; Terms defined: Tread, riser, stringer,
nosing, flight, landing, head room, handrail, balusters, newel post etc., types of stairs i.e.,
straight, doglegged, open-well, geometrical, circular, spiral, bifurcated, wooden stairs, stone
stairs, metal stairs and elementary knowledge of R.C.C. stairs. Details of various staircases in
wood, stone, steel and RCC; Thumb rules and safety provisions for staircases;
(For Internal assessment only)
UNIT VI: Traditional Construction Methods
Exploration and documentation of the following traditional elements from field with an
emphasis to understand the methods:
Brick: Columns, brackets, corbelling, arches, domes, jalies and compound walls;
Stone: Columns, brackets, corbelling, arches, chajjas, and roofs;
Reference:
1. Bindra and Arora. Building Construction: Planning Techniques and Methods of
Construction, 19th ed. DhanpatRai Pub., New Delhi. (2000)
2. Barry, The Construction of Buildings, Vol- 2, 5th Edition. New Delhi: East West Press.
(1999)
3. McKay, W.B. Building, Construction Metric Vol. 1 – IV, 4th ed. Orient Longman,
Mumbai. (2005)
4. Foster, J. Stroud. Mitchell, Building Construction: Elementary and Advanced, 17th ed.
B.T. Batsford Ltd, London. (1963)
5. Ramamrutham,S. Reinforced Concrete Design, DhanpatRai Publishing company.
(2013)
6. Willibald Mannes, Techniques Of Staircase Construction,1st ed. London&Newyork:
Van Nostrand Reinhold Company. (1979)
7. SushilKumar,T.B. of Building Construction, 19th ed. Standard Pub. Distributors, Delhi.
, (2003)
8. Dr. Gurucharan Singh, Building Construction and Materials, 16th Edition. New Delhi:
Standard Book House. (2017)
9. Duggal, S. Building Materials, 5th Edition. Delhi: New Age International Publications
PVT. (2019)

46
 10. Dr. BC. Punmia, E.A.Building Construction, 11th Edition. LaxmiPublictions..(2016)
Rangwala, S.C Building Construction, 22nd ed. Charotar Pub. House, Anand. .(2004)

E-resources:
https://in.saint-gobain-glass.com/glass-manufacturing- Manufacturing process of Glass,
process Types of Glass by Saint gobain.
https://johnkollyns.com/application-of-glass-in- Applications of Glass in buildings.
building-and-construction/
https://theconstructor.org/building/types-of-flooring- Types of Floorings , applications of
materials-uses-building/16992/ flooring materials,
https://www.civilprojectsonline.com/building- Introduction to R.C.C. , Components
construction/introduction-to-design-of-rcc-structures/ of R.C.C., examples of R.C.C.
structures
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/components-rcc- Structural components of typical
frame-structure-fouremmarketing?trk=organization- R.C.C. framed structure
update-content_share-article
https://www.ultratechcement.com/home-building- Right way to install R.C.C footings.
explained-single/the-right-way-to-install-rcc-footings- Step by step process of laying
for-a-strong-home foundations.
https://tribby3d.com/blog/one-way-slab-and-two-way- R.C.C One way Slab and Two way
slab/#:~:text=In%20a%20one%2Dway%20slab,it%20 Slab
occurs%20in%20both%20directions.
https://www.keuka-studios.com/types-of-stairs-2/ Types of Staircases, advantages and
disadvantages
https://bmtpc.org/DataFiles/CMS/file/PDF_Files/61_ Precast concrete technology
PAC_Urbaanic_Final.pdf
https://theconstructor.org/concrete/self-compacting- Self-compacting concrete, properties,
concrete-properties-tests/7683/ applications
https://www.concrete.org/topicsinconcrete/topicdetail/ High performance concrete,
High%20Performance%20Concrete?search=High%20 applications and uses.
Performance%20Concrete
https://www.nbmcw.com/product- Sustainable construction techniques in
technology/construction-chemicals- R.C.C. construction
waterproofing/concrete-admixtures/sustainable-
concrete-an-inevitable-need-for-present-future.html
https://moremargie.com/article/bricks-of-kerala Laurie Baker — Brick Genius
https://nayeemasif.files.wordpress.com/2014/04/poetry- Poetry in brick: the infamous
in-brick.pdf architecture of Laurie Baker

47
COURSE OUTCOMES:
Upon successful completion of the course the students will be able to:
COURSE DESCRIPTION
OUTCOME
CO1 Demonstrate knowledge on glass, types of glass, natural and artificial flooring
materials and R.C.C components.
CO2 Implement the knowledge of R.C.C construction in architectural design and
appraise building materials in the scope of ingredients, properties,
manufacturing process, uses, installation and market price with real life
applications.
CO3 Learn systematic methods of construction of buildings using R.C.C.
CO4 Prepare construction drawings as studio exercises along with the theoretical
inputs on R.C.C.
CO5 Conduct site visits, case studies market surveys for flooring materials, Glass
types, and documentation of R.C.C building components.

COURSE OUTCOMES PROGRAM OUTCOMES MAPPING:

CO/ PO- PO- PO- PO- PO- PO- PO- PO- PO- PO- PO- PO- PSO PSO
PO 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
1 3 2 1 - 1 2 - - 2 3 - 2 2 1
2 3 3 - 1 - 2 1 - 2 3 2 1 2 1

3 3 2 1 3 - 3 - - - 1 - 2 3 -
4 3 2 2 2 - 1 - - - 3 - - - 3

5 3 3 - - - - 2 2 - 3 3 - 1 2

1 - Low Correlation 2 - Medium Correlation 3 - High Correlation

48
AR23B3.3C PERSPECTIVE AND RENDERING

Periods Per Week Marks End Exam

Credits
L/T/S P/F/O Total Internal External Total W/J/S/P
0 4 4 4 50 0 50 -

Objectives of the Course:

A. To impart the skills of composition, rendering and documentation for the presentation
of the design ideas in real-life situation.
B. To impart the skills in understanding of Perspective as a tool to visualize design in real-
life environment
C. To encourage the students to explore different rendering techniques that help them to
visualize the different aspects of design.
D. To train students in organizing and presenting the drawings in appropriate format for
portfolios and Digital Presentations of their work.

UNIT I: 3D Perception in Architecture

Three dimensional perception of simple forms, understanding views of the objects, components
and characteristics of complex objects with respect to human eye in a visual environment.
UNIT II: Perspective Views
Representation of 3D Objects on flat surface; preparation of perspective views of buildings
from plans and elevations. One point and Two Point Perspectives of Buildings and Interiors.
Understanding perspective components like Horizon Level, Stationary Point Vanishing Point
and Picture Plane; constructing One point and Two Point Perspectives views in detail.
Introduction to 3 Point Perspective
UNIT III: Rendering
Study of the surfaces, textures and colours of buildings in different light conditions and
materials; Developing Shades and Shadows of building on vertical and horizontal planes and
in perspective; Application of manual and digital techniques of rendering in perspective with
various media;

UNIT IV: Sciagraphy

Constructing Shadows on vertical and horizontal surfaces of a building near to reality.
Representation of Shadows of different elements like Trees, Shrubs, Human Figures and other
elements in the drawing.

49
UNIT V: Graphics and Composition
Illustration Techniques, Page making, Portfolio Design and formats, Brochure preparation.
Digital Techniques in rendering and graphics.
Reference:
1. Robert Gill, “Rendering with Pen and Ink”, The Thames & Hudson Manuals, 1984.
2. Bellings, Lance Brown, “ Perspective, Space and Design”.
3. Holmes, John M, “ Sciagraphy “,Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons, 1952
4. Dick Powell, “Design Rendering Techniques- A Guide to Drawing and Presenting
Design Ideas “, 1986.
5. Sara Eisenman, Building Design Portfolios: Innovative Concepts for Presenting Your
Work (Design Field Guide) , 2008.

E-resources:
The Drawing and Perception of Architectural
https://doi.org/10.3390/su13116223 Spaces through Immersive Virtual Reality,
Sustainability 2021
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/doc The Digital Perception of Architectural Space,
ument/9615339 Hugo C. Gomez
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/3771 Using Architectural Perspectives ,
7691400 Eoin Woods

The Perspective of Shadows: The History of

https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/
the Theory of Shadow Projection, Thomas Da
abs/10.2307/750956?journalCode=jwci
Costa Kaufmann
https://books.google.co.in/books?id=ho Design Drawing Techniques: For Architects,
TOJJdyG3EC&sitesec=buy&source=gbs_v Graphic Designers & Artists,
pt_read Tom Porter, Sue Goodman

50
 COURSE OUTCOMES:
Upon successful completion of the course the students will be able to:
COURSE
DESCRIPTION
OUTCOME

CO1 Perceive the Objects in Three Dimensional Environment and able to

create 2 D drawings of the same.
CO2 Develop a perspective drawing understanding the scale and visual
geometry of the buildings representing ideas of Design.
CO3 Render a perspective understanding different light conditions and
environment that enhances the value of drawings close to reality.
Construct shadows on Building Facades as well as objects associated in
CO4 the Landscape like Trees, Human Figures considering the day light at
different times.

CO5 Compose architectural design work in the form of Portfolio using

Illustration and Digital techniques for a professional presentation.

Program Articulation Matrix

CORRELATION
WITH PROGRAM
CORRELATION WITH PROGRAM OUTCOMES
Course SPECIFIC
Code OUTCOMES
PO PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO1 PO1 PO1 POS POS POS POS
1 0 1 2 1 2 3 4

AR17B 3 3 2 3
3.2C.1
AR17B 3 2 1
3.2C.2
AR17B 2 3 2 3
3.2C.3
AR17B 2 2
3.2C.4
AR17B 3 2 1 3 3 3 3
3.2C.5
1-Low Correlation; 2- Moderate Correlation; 3- Substantial Correlation

51
AR 22B3.4C HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE - I

Periods Per Week Credits Marks End Exam

L/T/S P/F/O Total Internal External Total W/J/S/P
3 0 3 3 50 50 100 W

Objectives of the Course:

A. To expose the students to a wide spectrum of architectural styles ranging from pre-
historic to pre-modern times.
B. To elucidate the evolution of architecture in relation to time with special emphasis on
social, religious and environmental factors.
C. To make the students understand the developments in the construction technology in
different periods.

Unit I: Ancient Civilizations

Architectural developments of the ancient civilizations, Mesopotamia: Ziggurats and other
built-forms; in Indus valley: people and culture, development of town-form, built-form,
community living, building typologies, brick masonry and sanitation system;

Unit II: Architecture of Egypt

Elements of nature in architecture of Egypt, Study of Pyramids and construction process,
Temples, Mastabas, residences; study of architectural elements, hypostyle halls, obelisk,
hieroglyphs

Unit III: Architecture of Greek period

Architecture in the Classic Greek periods: different orders, optical correction and appreciation
of perfection in architecture; Study of Greek buildings like: temples, agora, house-forms;
construction of elements like arches and columns;

Unit IV: Architecture of Roman Period

Architecture in Roman period: grand scale, application of Greek orders, addition of new orders,
construction of pointed arches and vaults, use of puzzolana concrete, study of different
typologies of public buildings and residential buildings; development of roads and aqueducts.

Unit V: Architecture of Medieval Period

Architectural developments: churches and Basilicas; development of plan-form of churches in
the Early Christian; developments of domes in Byzantine; Churches of Romanesque; churches
of Gothic period in Europe and rest of the world excluding Asia; introduction of newer
architectural elements in churches of Gothic period

52
Reference:
1. Fletcher, Sir Banister. A History of Architecture, 19th ed. CBS Pub., Delhi, 1992.
2. Yarwood, Doreen. A Chronology of Western Architecture. B.T. Batsford Ltd.,
London, 1987.
3. Schulz, Christian Norberg. Meaning in Western Architecture, 2nd ed. Rizzoli Intl.
Pub., New York, 1981.
4. Copplistone, Trewin and Others. World Architecture: An Illustrated History, 11th
ed. Hamlyn, London, 1979.
5. Bindoo. D.D, History of Architecture, Milind P Lakshana, Hyderabad – 2006.
6. Wittkaner R Architectural Principles in the Age of Humanism, Chichester :Academy
Editions 1998.

E-resources:

https://www.worldhistory.org/Indus_Valley_Civilization/ Indus Valley Civilization

https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/world-history/world- Indus River Valley

history-beginnings/ancient-india/a/the-indus-river-valley- civilizations
civilizations

https://en.unesco.org/silkroad/sites/default/files/knowledge-bank- THE INDUS

article/vol_I%20silk%20road_the%20indus%20civilization%20 CIVILIZATION1
BIS.pdf

https://www.history.com/topics/ancient-egypt/ancient-egypt Ancient Egypt

https://www.historymuseum.ca/cmc/exhibitions/civil/egypt/egciv egyptian civilization

ile.html

https://www.history.com/topics/ancient-middle- Mesopotamia
east/mesopotamia

https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/resource- MESOPOTAMIA
library-mesopotamia/
https://www.worldhistory.org/Greek_Architecture/ Greek Architecture
Greek Architecture – An
https://artincontext.org/greek-architecture/ Exploration of Ancient Greek
Structures

https://www.worldhistory.org/Roman_Architecture/ Roman Architecture

http://www.classichistory.net/archives/early-christian- Early Christian Architecture
architecture
https://www.worldhistory.org/Byzantine_Architecture/ Byzantine Architecture

53
 https://engineering.tiu.edu.iq/architecture/wp-
Romanesque Architecture
content/uploads/2019/11/4-Romanesque-Architecture.pdf
History of Architecture

https://www.worldhistory.org/article/1649/gothic-cathedrals- Gothic Cathedrals:

architecture--divine-light/ Architecture & Divine Light

https://www.worldhistory.org/Renaissance_Architecture/ Renaissance Architecture

Baroque & Rococo

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uUumTRgCCx8&t=37s Architecture
https://cavitt.eurekausd.org/documents/Parents/PTC/Art%20Doc
ent%20Presentations/8th%20Grade/Revised_Oct2015_Neoclassi Neoclassical Architecture
cal_Architecture__Presentation.pdf
https://victorianweb.org/art/architecture/stevenson/renaissance.ht The Renaissance in England
ml
Moorish, Saracenic,
Northern Indian, and
https://victorianweb.org/art/architecture/indian/index.html
Islamic, Architectural Styles
in Great Britain, the Empire,
and Other Countries

COURSE OUTCOMES
After the completion of this course, students will be able to
CO1 Identify the common characteristics of a particular architectural style
CO2 Describe the development of built form in response to socio religious,
aesthetic, and environmental factors of architecture from prehistoric to
modern times.
CO3 Illustrate various building types, construction methods, architectural
characteristics of prehistoric, classical, medieval and pre modern periods.
CO4 Recognize the architectural elements used in different time periods.

CO/PO Mapping

PO- PO- PO- PO- PO- PO- PO- PO- PO- PO- PO- PO-
CO
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
CO1 1 - - 2 3 3 2 - 1 2 - 2
CO2 3 2 1 1 2 - 2 3 3 2 - 2
CO3 3 2 1 3 3 3 2 1 1 3 1 2
CO4 1 2 - 2 2 1 1 2 1 3 - 2

54
AR22B3.5C: STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS -I

End Exam
Periods per week Marks
CREDITS Type
L/T/S P/F/O Total Internal External Total W/J/S/P
3 3 3 50 50 100 W

Objectives of the Course:

A. To understand the shear force and bending moments in determinate beams.

B. Classify the shear and bending stress behaviour for beams.
C. Enrich shear force and bending moment to fixed beams and propped cantilevers.
D. To develop the magnitude of deflections for simply supported and cantilever beams for
point load and uniformly distributed load.
E. To develop the skills to analyse the reactions, horizontal thrust and bending moment
for 3 hinged arches.
F. Understand the structural behaviour of domes and vaults, chimneys and retaining walls.

UNIT I: Flexure, Analysis of Flexural Members

Flexure, analysis of flexural members - Types of Beams, types of supports, types of loads.
Calculation of reactions. Definition of shear force & Bending Moment, Relation between
loadings, SF & BM.
Plotting SFD, BMD for Cantilever, simply supported (S.S), and over hanging.
Definition of Point of contra flexure, its location.

UNIT II: Flexure Members - Bending and Shear

Cross sectional Behaviour of flexural members.

Bending Stresses: Introduction to Theory of simple bending, pure bending, Assumptions,
derivation of flexure formula, section modulus, calculation of bending stress distribution in the
Cross section of member. Numerical solutions.
Shear stresses Introduction to shear stress in beams, shear stress formula, shear stress
distribution for standard shapes like Rectangle, Circle, I,T Section, etc., Numerical solutions.
Torsion in beams – Behaviour of members subjected to Torsion

UNIT III: Fixed Beams and Propped Cantilevers

Fixed beams - Introduction to behavior of fixed beams, Advantages and disadvantages of fixed
beams over simply supported beams, SFD & BMD for fixed beams with combination of point
loads & UDL (No derivations)
Propped Cantilevers - Introduction to behavior of Propped Cantilevers, Reaction of propped
Cantilevers with UDLs and point loads. Drawing SFD and BMD. Slope and Deflection at end
and the intermediate positions.

UNIT IV: Deflection

Deflection – Understanding the behavior of deflection in beams under various loads and
various support conditions.
Slope and deflection of cantilever beams and simply supported beams for various loads using
Double integration method, moment area method and Macaulay’s method

55
UNIT V: Arches, Chimneys and Retaining Walls
Arches: Types of Arches (2, 3 hinged) and behavior of arches under various loads. Funicular
shapes for loads. Different geometry of arches. Determination of support reactions, horizontal
shear, bending moment, horizontal thrust and radial shear. Mainly for three-hinged parabolic
and segmental arches with supports at same and different levels.
Structural behavior of Vaults and Domes along with the Force flow showing the way the statics
operate.
Structural behavior of Chimneys and Retaining Walls to lateral loads.
Reference:
1. Khurmi. R.S. Strength of Materials, S. Chand and Co.Ltd., New Delhi, 1999.
2. S S Bhavikatti Mechanics of Structures, Vikas Publishing House, New Delhi,
January 2021
3. H. J. Shah, S. B. Junnarkar, Mechanics of Structures Vol. II 32nd ed., Charotar
Publishing house, 2016
4. Gambhir M.L Fundamentals of Structural Mechanics and Analysis, Prentice Hall
India Learning Private Limited, January 2014
5. Ramamrutham. S. Theory of Structure 11th ed., Dhanpat Rai Publishing Company
Ltd. January 2020.
6. Timoshenko. S. and Young, D.H. Theory of Structures, McGraw-Hill,
International Editions
E-resources:
https://www.studocu.com/en-us/document/university-of- Flexural Analysis and Design of
memphis/reinforced-concrete-design/chapter-5-flexural- Beams.
analysis-and-design-of-beams/1060825
https://www.bu.edu/moss/mechanics-of-materials- Bending shear stress mechanics of
bending-shear-stress/ members
https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/beams-fixed-both- Analysis of fixed beams for various
ends-support-loads-deflection-d_809.html loads and end conditions
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/proppe Propped cantilever practical
d-cantilever applications
https://skyciv.com/docs/tutorials/beam-tutorials/what-is- Deflection in beams in various types.
deflection/
https://www.structuralbasics.com/arch-structure-bending- Arch structure: Bending moment,
moment normal and Shear force calculation

COURSE OUTCOMES:
Upon the successful completion of the course, the student will be able to
COURSE DESCRIPTION
OUTCOME
CO1 Assess the shear force and bending moments in determinate beams.

CO2 Analyze shear and bending stress behavior for beams

Evaluate shear force and bending moment to fixed beams and propped
CO3
cantilevers.
Compute the magnitude of deflections for simply supported and cantilever beams
CO4
for point load and UDL.
Analyze 3 hinged arches to perform bending moment calculations. Understand
CO5
structural behavior of domes, vaults, chimneys and retaining walls.

56
COURSE OUTCOMES PROGRAM OUTCOMES MAPPING:

AR17B PO- PO- PO- PO- PO- PO- PO- PO- PO- PO- PO- PO- PSO PSO
3.5C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2

CO-1 3 2 2 - 2 2 - 1 - - - - 2 -
CO-2 3 2 2 - 2 3 1 - 2 - - 2 2 2
CO-3 3 2 2 2 2 3 - 1 2 2 2 2 2 3
CO-4 3 2 2 2 2 2 - 1 2 2 - 2 2 2
CO-5 3 2 2 - - 2 2 - - - - 2 2 2

57
GN22B3.1A: UNIVERSAL HUMAN VALUES

End Exam
Periods per week Marks
CREDITS Type
L/T/S P/F/O Total Internal External Total W/J/S/P
1 2 3 3 50 50 100 J

Unit I
Introduction to Value Education (6 lectures and 3 tutorials for practice sessions)
Lecture1: Understanding Value Education
Lecture2: Self-exploration as the Process for Value Education
Tutorial 1: Practice Session PS 1 Sharing about One-self
Lecture3: Continuous Happiness and Prosperity– the Basic Human Aspirations
Lecture 4: Right Understanding, Relationship, and Physicality
Tutorial 2: Practice Session PS 2 Exploring Human Consciousness
Lecture5: Happiness and Prosperity– Current Scenario
Lecture6: Method to Fulfill the Basic Human Aspirations
Tutorial 3: Practice Session PS 3Exploring Natural Acceptance

UNIT II
Harmony in the Human Being (6 lectures and 3 tutorials for practice sessions)

Lecture 7: Understanding Human being as the Co-existence of the Self and the Body
Lecture 8: Distinguishing between the Needs of the Self and the Body
Tutorial 4: PracticeSessionPS4Exploring the difference of Needs of Self and Body
Lecture9: The Body as an Instrument of the Self
Lecture10: Understanding Harmony in the Self
Tutorial 5: Practice Session PS 5 Exploring Sources of Imagination in the Self
Lecture11: Harmony of the Self with the Body
Lecture12: Programme to ensure self-regulation and Health
Tutorial 6: Practice Session PS 6 Exploring Harmony of Self with the Body

UNIT III
Harmony in the Family and Society (6 lectures and 3 tutorials practice sessions)

Lecture13: Harmony in the Family –the Basic Unit of Human Interaction

Lecture14: Values in Human-to-Human Relationship
Lecture 15: 'Trust' – the Foundational Value in Relationship
Tutorial 7: Practice Session PS 7 Exploring the Feeling of Trust
Lecture16:'Respect'–as the Right Evaluation
Tutorial 8: Practice Session PS 8 Exploring the Feeling of Respect
Lecture17: Understanding Harmony in the Society
Lecture18: Vision for the Universal Human Order

58
Tutorial 9: Practice Session PS9 Exploring Systems to fulfill Human Goal

UNIT IV
Harmony in the Nature/Existence (4 lectures and 2 tutorials practice sessions)

Lecture19: Understanding Harmony in the Nature

Lecture 20: Interconnectedness, self-regulation, and Mutual Fulfillment among the Four
Orders of Nature
Tutorial 10: Practice Session PS 10 Exploring the Four Orders of Nature
Lecture21: Realizing Existence as Co-existence at All Levels
Lecture22: The Holistic Perception of Harmony in Existence
Tutorial11: Practice Session PS 11 Exploring Co-existence in Existence

UNIT V

Implications of the Holistic Understanding – a Look at Professional Ethics

(6lectures and 3 tutorials for practice session)

Lecture23: Natural Acceptance of Human Values

Lecture24: Definitiveness of (Ethical)Human Conduct
Tutorial 12: Practice Session PS 12Exploring Ethical Human Conduct
Lecture 25: A Basis for Humanistic Education, Humanistic Constitution and Universal
Human Order
Lecture26: Competence in Professional Ethics
Tutorial 13: Practice Session PS 13 Exploring Humanistic Models in Education
Lecture 27: Holistic Technologies, Production Systems and Management Models -Typical
Case Studies
Lecture28: Strategies for Transition towards Value-based Life and Profession

59
 AR22B3.6C CLIMATOLOGY FOR BUILT ENVIRONMENT
End
Periods Per Week Marks
CREDITS Exam
L/T/S P/F/O Total Internal External Total W/J/S/P
2 1 3 3 50 50 100 W

Objectives of the course:

A. Understand systems that affect global climate and how the country has been divided
into climatic zones.
B. Understand factors that affect thermal gain in a built envelope and what indoor
conditions are ideal for indoor human comfort also in the context of external climate.
C. Sensitize the students to micro climate at site level and what elements may be used to
modify micro climate for human comfort
D. Train the students to modify building volumes and use proven passive design strategies
to ensure thermal comfort
E. Sensitize students to best practices in the area of climate sensitive design

Unit I: Macro Climate:

Climate change, Global climatic factors: global wind currents and ocean currents , movement
of earth around the sun, shape of the earth, angle of tilt, earth rotation and revolution ; Elements
of climate: Solar radiation, temperature, humidity, wind velocity, precipitation; climatic zones
in India: hot and dry, warm-humid, composite and temperate,cold; measurement of climatic
data, instruments and measurement of climatological data, climatic data required for design of
buildings and interpretation of graphical data.

Unit II: Thermal Comfort

Importance of thermal comfort in buildings: thermal comfort factors: body’s heat production
and regulatory mechanisms, heat loss in various environments body heat balance deep body
temperature; thermal comfort indices CET (corrected effective temperature), interpretation of
psychometric charts, bioclimatic chart, human comfort ranges and levels. Basic principles of
heat flow through buildings: conduction, convection, radiation, thermal properties of building
materials steady state calculations and introduction to periodic heat flow.

Unit III: Analysis of Climate

Analysis of microclimate from macro climate, site and the environs, factors effecting the micro
climate at the site, instruments and methods used to carry out measurements of climate data:
temperature, humidity, wind, precipitation, driving rain, sky conditions, solar radiation,
vegetation, graphical representations of data,

Use of tools like mahoney’s tables; climate consultant for analysing the requirements of
buildings in relation to climate.

60
Unit IV: Passive Solar Design Technologies

Understanding Solar charts, orientation-siting of building with respect to sun and design of
shading devices; passive cooling devices: humidity control, use of evaporative cooling,
physiological cooling, convective cooling, ground cooling-earth air tunnel.

courtyard houses , night time cooling, reflective surfaces and radiant barriers, thermal mass,
cavity walls, cool roof and green roof, stack effect ,wind catchers, Trombe walls and sun room,.

Unit V: Ventilation and micro climate control through Landscape

Ventilation: interpretation of wind-rose diagrams, Beaufort wind force scale, predicting air
movement around site, airflow through buildings, natural ventilation: windward and leeward
sides, position and size of openings, cross ventilation, borrowed ventilation, forced ventilation,
window floor ratio, sick building syndrome.orientation and positioning of windows.

Plantation for: shading, wind buffer, dust control, minimizing the reflected ground factor in
radiation, cooling through evapo-transpiration, use of water: evaporative cooling, misters.

Unit VI: Design and Best Practices (for internal evaluation)

Design process: Forward analysis, plan development, elements design stages, Design
strategies for each climate (ref. Koenigsberger); effect of orientation , design of shading
devices , heat flow calculations,
Case study and climatic analysis of a local model building. Class discussions on national and
International best practices as per climate and typology of building.

Reference:

1. Markus, T.A. and Morris. E.N., Buildings, Climate and Energy. Pitman Pub. Ltd.,
London, 1980.
2. Narashimhan ,An Introduction To Building Physics ,CBRI, 1974
3. Otto H Koenigsberger, O. H., Ingersoll, T. G., Mayhew, Manual Of Tropical Housing
And Building – Part I – Climatic Design, Orient Longman Private Limited, 1975
4. Fred Pearce, Climate and Man, 1989
5. RamachandraGuha, Environmentalism: A Global History, 1999
6. Sustainable Buildings - Design Manual: Vol 2,TERI
7. Energy-efficient buildings in India, The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), 2001
8. MiliMajumdar and MinniSastry, Green Homes and Workplaces, TERI
9. Building wise, CSE, 2021
10. Energy conscious Architecture, Ministry of non-conventional energy resources, GOI,
Jan 2005.

61
E-resources:
TERI (The Energy and Resources Institute):
This website provides information on
https://www.teriin.org/
sustainable development in India, including
research on building energy efficiency and
renewable energy.
Centre for Science and Environment
(CSE): This website provides
https://www.cseindia.org/
information on sustainable development
in India, including research on building
energy efficiency and renewable energy.
https://thearchspace.com/5-different-climate- 5 different climatic zones in India.
zones-in-india-and-their-important-characteristics/

https://youtu.be/6D4ow2WulVA Heat Flow through buildings NPTEL

(IIT Roorkie).
https://archive.org/download/nationalbuilding02/in NBC national building codes Part.8.
.gov.nbc.2016.vol2.digital.pdf

COURSE OUTCOMES

After successfully completing the course the student will able to:

AR22B3.7C.1 Apply knowledge of macro level climatic data to the site level
AR22B3.7C.2 Understand and analyse thermal comfort factors effecting the human body.
AR22B3.7C.3 Evaluate potential of site for comfortable micro climatic conditions
AR22B3.7C.4 Develop climate sensitive design strategies
AR22B3.7C.5 Create small scale structures which can achieve comfortable indoor
thermal conditions through passive design

CO-PO mapping

CO\PO
PO- PO- PO- PO- PO- PO- PO PO- PO- PO- PO- PO- PS- PS-
1 2 3 4 5 6 -7 8 9 10 11 12 01 02

AR22B3.7C.1 1 2 - 1 2 - - - 2 - - 1
AR22B3.7C.2 2 3 - 1 2 1 - - - - - -
AR22B3.7C.3 3 1 3 3 - - 1 1 - - 2 -
AR22B3.7C.4 3 2 3 3 - 1 1 - - - 1
AR22B3.7C.5 2 1 1 2 2 1 - - - - - -

62
 Bachelor of Architecture
Second Year: Fourth Semester Syllabus, R22

(As Approved as by Board of Studies, Architecture on 12-09-2023)

63
 Course Structure for B.Arch.
(Under the OBE and CBCS, Effective from the Academic Year 2022-2023)
FOURTH SEMESTER

Periods/Hours per End

Marks

CoA group
Course week Exam
S.No. Course Title Credits
Code L/T P/F/ W/J/S/
Total Int. Ext. Total
/S O P

1 AR22B4.1C Architectural Design – III PC 9 9 9 100 100 200 J

Materials and Building
2 AR22B4.2C BS 5 5 5 50 50 100 S
Construction -IV
3 AR22B4.3C Landscape Architecture PC 4 4 4 50 50 100 W

4 AR22B4.4C History of Architecture – II PC 3 3 3 50 50 100 W

5 AR22B4.5C Structural Design (RCC) BS 3 3 3 50 50 100 W

Water, Sanitation and
6 AR22B4.6C BS 3 3 3 50 50 100 W
Hygiene
7 AR22B4.7C Computer Aided Design - I SEC 3 3 3 50 50 ---

27 3 30 30 400 350 750

Note: L/T/S = Lecture/ Tutorial / Studio; P/F/O = Practical / Fieldwork / Others; End Exam W/J/S/P = Written (3 hours) / Jury/ Studio
(5 hours) / Practical

64
AR22B4.1C ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN- III
Periods Per Week Credits Marks End Exam
L/T/S P/F/O Total Internal External Total W/J/S/P
9 9 9 100 100 200 J

Objectives of the Course:

A. Develop a critical understanding of various conditions that effect design outcomes such
as Socio-economic conditions, statutory laws and norms.
B. Sensitize the students on the role climate plays in building design and material selection
criteria that provides thermal comfort.
C. Perceive the building as a cohesive model of several systems and components that
perform specific functions in an integrated manner.

Unit I: Socio-economic Factors

Understanding of Socio-economic factors that exist in society and their impact on the design
of built environment. Understanding of communities, their requirements and cultural aspects
that needs to be considered in design of public, semi-public and private areas of residences.
Introduction to the economic levels effect the construction of built-forms. Importance of
universal design such as, the accessibility and inclusivity of buildings, including the design of
entrances, accessibility features, and the provision of public spaces.
Unit II: How Buildings Work
The outdoor environment, the human environment, the concept of shelter;
building function, providing water, recycling wastes, providing for thermal comfort, thermal
properties of building components, controlling the radiation of heat, controlling air temperature
and humidity, controlling air movement;
Keeping water out, seeing and illumination, hearing and being heard, providing concentrated
energy;
Fitting buildings to people, providing structural support, providing for building movement,
Controlling fire, getting a building built, keeping a building alive and growing, building
components and building function;
Unit III: Standards – NBC - Bye laws and codes
Collection of different standards pertinent to building typology; Understanding the application
of spatial standards pertaining to the built-form given out different by authorities; Minimum
standards provided by NBC for particular building typology and spatial requirement; Local
building byelaws and its consideration to the particular context of design.
Unit IV: Structural Systems
Introduction to the role of structural systems in design; range of spans and limitations of each
structural system; exploration of different types of forms that can be achieved adapting
different structural systems;

65
Unit V: Climate and Environment
Understanding of local macro-climatic factors, interpreting the local macro-climatic dada for
given site to understand the micro-climate; understanding application of climate responsive
design; understanding and application of sustainable design goals: conservation of natural
resources, usage of renewable energy resources, active and passive design solutions, using
orientation of buildings, concepts of building façade to minimize heat-gain, balancing of indoor
and outdoor spaces.
Guidelines for learning: Guidelines for learning:
Building is a complex set of systems performing in coordination with each other. Architecture
is socially and environmentally responsible engagement. Therefore students need to sensitize
themselves to the requirements of climate responsive design, environmentally responsive
design and socially responsive design and integrate them into the design process and problem
solving. Students are advised pursue alternative ways and to do many iterations and
refinements to their design in order to gain experience in solving real-life problems.
Assignments to be formulated:
At least one major design exercise and one minor design in this semester.
In the major design exercise, emphasis to be given to the process and methods of design. Efforts
have to be made to build-on what students have learnt in the previous semesters and integrate
the learning in the present semester to ensure a systematic learning experience to the students.
Students to be encouraged to use physical model as a tool to visualize and validate their design.
The minor problems can be a Design Charrette or a time problem.
Type of Design Problems: Small Residence, Guest-house, students hostel, Multi-family
Housing: block of flats, cluster housing, row housing; holiday resorts, Clubs, Small Mixed-Use
buildings, Etc.
Integration: The design portfolio shall consist of construction details of the spaces designed.
And the details of the building structural components. The students are expected make the
structural details of steel elements as part of the portfolio. The portfolio shall consist diagramic
representation of climatic data and design. The built-up area has to be indicated; the
specifications of the materials to be written, construction techniques, structural systems used
in the elements of built forms and approximate estimate based on carpet area.

Reference:
1. Alexander, C., Ishikawa, S., & Silverstein, M. (1977). A pattern language: towns,
buildings, construction. New York, Oxford University Press.
2. Edward Allen, How Buildings Work: The Natural Order of Architecture,3 rd Edition,
Oxford University Press, 2005
3. William H. Whyte, The Social Life of Small Urban Spaces, 8th edition, Project for
public Spaces, Inc. 2021
4. Joseph De Chiara And John Hancock Callendar, Time-Saver Standards for Building
Types, 4th Edition, McGraw Hill Education, 2017
5. Telangana Government orders for land development.

66
 6. Ernst Neufert, Peter Neufert, Neufert Architects' Data, 5th Edition, Wiley Blackwell,
2019
7. National Building Code Of India 2016 Volume 1, Bureau Of Indian Standards, 2016
8. National Building Code Of India 2016 Volume 2, Bureau Of Indian Standards, 2016
9. MarjaSarvimaki, Case Study Strategies for Architects and Designers Integrative Data
Research Methods, 1st Edition, Routledge, 2017

E-resources:
THE BUILDING DESIGN RESPONSIVE
https://lsrsa.edu.in/blog/the-building-design-responsive-to-climate/ TO CLIMATE

https://www.re-thinkingthefuture.com/2020/08/19/a1539-examples-of- Examples of Climate responsive

climate-responsive-architecture-in-indian-cities/ architecture in Indian cities

Impact of socioeconomic factor on

Http://www.pif.zut.edu.pl/images/pdf/pif%2039/DOI%2010_21005_
architectural formation of buildings
pif_2019_39_B-02_Kravchenko.pdf for non-formal education in Ukraine

Https://www.explainthatstuff.com/howbuildingswork.html How buildings work

Https://www.architecturaldigest.com/story/buildings-redefined- These 13 buildings redefined

architecture-past-5-years architecture in the past 5 years

COURSE OUTCOMES:
Upon successful completion of the course the students will be able to:
COURSE DESCRIPTION
OUTCOME
Formulate various conditioning factors that play important role in
CO1 architecture design such Scio-economic aspects, cultural and historic aspects,
climate responsive solutions, etc.

67
 Develop an understanding of the function of a typical building in terms of an
CO2 integrated system of components such as structure, plumbing, electrical,
sanitary provisions.

Investigate various statutory norms, NBC local bye laws and other codes
CO3 relevant to buildings and adopt salient guidelines for specific building
topologies.

Generate a methodology for structural basis in architectural design for while

CO4 discussing the different structural components and their roles in the building.

Categorize various building materials employed in modern-day buildings

CO5 and develop appropriate selection criteria for using them.

COURSE OUTCOMES PROGRAM OUTCOMES MAPPING:

CO/ PO PO PO PO PO- PO- PO- PO- PO- PO- PO- PO- PS- PS-
PO -1 -2 -3 -4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 01 02
CO 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 3 2 1 3 2 3 2 2
CO 2
3 2 1 1 2 1 1 - - 2 - 1 3 2
CO 3 2 2 3 1 2 3 1 1 3 1 2 3 2 2
CO 4 2 3 1 2 2 2 2 1 2 3 2 3 1 3
CO 5
3 2 1 2 1 2 3 3 1 2 1 2 3 1
1 - Low Correlation 2 - Medium Correlation 3 - High Correlation

68
AR22B4.2C MATERIALS AND BUILDING CONSTRUCTION – IV
End Exam
Periods Per Week Marks
Type
CREDITS
L/T/S P/F/O Total Internal External Total W/J/S/P
5 5 5 50 50 100 S

Objectives of the Course:

A. Imparting comprehensive knowledge to the students on the basic building materials

while highlighting the current innovations and trends.
B. Preparing the students for a systematic study of building materials in the scope of
ingredients, properties, manufacturing process, uses, installation and market price
and application in real life problems.
C. Throughout the course, students will explore materials like Metals, Paints and
varnishes and methods and techniques for utilizing Steel in building projects, gaining
a comprehensive understanding of the underlying theory behind these approaches.
D. By combining theoretical and practical instruction, students will be well-equipped
to apply their knowledge to real-world situations, enabling them to make informed
decisions when designing and constructing buildings that incorporate Steel.
E. Imparting how to represent building construction in the form of drawings,
instructions and check the quality of work.

UNIT I: Metals

Ferrous Metals: Manufacturing, processes and casting. Characteristics and uses of different
types of metals like iron and steel. Corrosion of iron and their prevention, metallic protective
coatings.
Non Ferrous Metals: Basic idea of important ores, properties and uses of aluminum, zinc,
copper, tin and lead.
UNIT II: Paints and Varnishes
Paints: Constituents of paints, functions, selection of paints and storage of paints. Types of
paints oil based, water based, cement based paint and emulsion. Non VOC’s, Acrylic paints.
Surface finishing of different types of paints and their applications.

Varnishes: Characteristics and uses of varnishes, types of varnishes oil and spirit

69
UNIT III: Introduction to Steel
Introduction: General principles and terms defined, standard sections like I-section, C-
section, T-section, H-section, equal and unequal angles, rivets and wielding
Steel Work Connections: Bolts, rivets, types of riveting and types of wielding methods.
UNIT IV: Steel Members and Roof Trusses

Steel Members: Columns and stanchions, column bases, beam and girders, column and beam
connection, plate girder, lattice or warren girder.
Roof Trusses: Steel Trusses, types of truss for various spans, tubular steel roof truss, monitor
roof, north light roof truss and steel lattices.
UNIT V: Miscellaneous

Lantern light, dome light, structural steel practice and drawings as per IS Code.
Portal frame, Geodesic principles, cable net and tensile structures.
Reference:

1. Bindra and Arora. Building Construction: Planning Techniques and Methods of

Construction, 19th ed. DhanpatRai Pub., New Delhi, 2000.
2. Foster, J. Stroud. Mitchell Building Construction: Elementary and Advanced, 17th ed.
B.T. Batsford Ltd, London, 1963.
3. McKay, W.B. Building Construction Metric Vol. 1 – IV, 4th ed. Orient Longman,
Mumbai, 2005.
4. Sushil Kumar. T.B. of Building Construction, 19th ed. Standard Pub. Distributors,
Delhi, 2003.
5. Sushil Kumar. T.B. of Building Construction, 19th ed. Standard Pub, Delhi, 2003
6. Dr. BC. Punmia, E. A. (2016). Building Construction, 11th Edition. LaxmiPublications
7. Rangwala, S.C. Building Construction, 22nd ed. Charotar Pub. House, Anand, 2004
8. Barry. The Construction of Buildings, Vol- 4, 5th Edition. New Delhi: East West
Press,1999.

70
E-resources:
The Six Steps of Modern Steel
https://www.melfab.com.au/the-six-steps-of-modern- Manufacturing | MELFAB
steel-manufacturing/ Engineering

https://tigertmt.com/blog/effects-of-corrosion-on- Effects of Corrosion on Buildings

buildings.php
5 Different Types of Corrosion
https://eoncoat.com/corrosion-prevention-methods/ Prevention Methods

https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z74bcj6/revisio Material Categories And Properties

n/3
Paints And Varnishes For
https://theconstructor.org/building/paints-and-
Buildings - The Constructor
varnishes-for-buildings/4621/
The Ultimate Guide To The
https://essential.construction/academy/tutorials/the-
Design and Construction of
ultimate-guide-to-the-design-and-construction-of-
Structural Steel
structural-steel/
https://theconstructor.org/structural-engg/steel-frame- What is Steel Frame Structure
structure-building-construction/24906/ Building Construction?
The Type of Steel Building
https://havitsteelstructure.com/type-steel-building-
Structures
structures/
https://www.pretoriusstructures.co.za/lattice-steel- Lattice Type Steel Structures
structures/
https://www.civilprojectsonline.com/building-
Lantern Light steel frame roof
construction/lantern-light-architectural-element-of-
lighting.
roof-lighting/
https://www.lfspaceframe.com/application/the-light-
steel-dome-space-frame-multifunctional-activity-hall- Dome light
project/
https://ia800407.us.archive.org/6/items/gov.in.is.800.2
IS code 800 (2007)
007/is.800.2007.pdf
https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Tensile_str
Tensile structures
uctures
https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Geodesic_
Geodesic dome
dome

71
COURSE OUTCOMES:
Upon successful completion of the course the students will be able to:
COURSE
DESCRIPTION
OUTCOME
Demonstrate knowledge on Building Materials like Metals, Paints and
CO1
Varnishes and its applications in building construction
Implement the knowledge of the principles, theories, and applications of
CO2
Steel in building construction.
Develop the ability to select appropriate steel sections for different
CO3 elements, steel work construction methods and techniques based on the
specific needs and requirements of a building project.
Prepare construction drawings as studio exercises along with the
CO4
theoretical inputs on steel.
Conduct market surveys for Metals, Paints and Varnishes and
CO5
documentation of steel structures.

COURSE OUTCOMES PROGRAM OUTCOMES MAPPING:

CO/ PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PS- PS-

PO -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9 -10 -11 -12 01 02

1 3 3 - - - 3 1 - - 2 - 2 2 1
2 3 3 - 1 - 3 1 - 2 2 - 2 2 1
3 3 1 2 1 - 2 3 - 1 2 - 2 3 2
4 3 2 2 2 - 1 - - - 3 - 1 - 3
5 3 3 - - - - 2 2 - 3 3 1 1 2

1 - Low Correlation 2 - Medium Correlation 3 - High Correlation

72
AR22B4.3C LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE

End Exam
Periods Per Week Marks
CREDITS Type
L/T/S P/F/O Total Internal External Total W/J/S/P
4 4 4 50 50 100 W

Objectives of the course:

A. To introduce the students to the discipline, Landscape Architecture and its relevance in
built environment.
B. Articulate an understanding on the interactions between human and environmental
process for creation of aesthetic, functional and environmentally tuned designs.
C. To develop an understanding on site features, site planning Principles and the process
of site development.
D. To develop skills to integrate buildings with open spaces and design sustainable built
environments.
E. To train students to design comprehensive Landscape proposals and detail landscape
elements for small scale projects.

Course Contents:

UNIT I: Evolution and Development of Landscape Architecture

Introduction to landscape Architecture and Role of Landscape design in built environment.
A brief review of garden design in history in various regions Persian, Spanish, Italian, French,
Moghul, English, Japanese Garden styles. Changing perception of man’s relationship with
nature in various phases of history and its influence on environment.
Evolution of concepts in landscape design after the industrial revolution leading to new theories
in integrating built spaces to open spaces. Increasing awareness of ecological variables in
landscape design. Artistic sensibility in Landscape Architecture.
Multi-disciplinary approach in design of built environment- integrating ecology, Bio-diversity
and sustainability. Introduction to concepts of green architecture and micro climate planning.
Contemporary concepts and concerns in design of open spaces in Architecture and City
Planning. Basic knowledge of professional work in contemporary Landscape Architecture.

73
UNIT II: Site Analysis and Site Planning:
Site survey and appraisal – understanding different site characteristics –topography, vegetation,
hydrology, Access, Surroundings etc. documentation of site characteristics and establishing
relationship with design / Architecture Programme requirements.
Study of landform its technical expression through grading plan, section, profiles layout plans
and earthwork computations. Development of site integrating the built and open spaces by
mutual exploitation of forms and use of grading principles.
Principles of soil mechanics. Understanding surface drainage, sewage disposal, and water
systems their application in site development for small scale projects.
Philosophical and design issues related to site development. Identifying functional
requirements of site, spatial and contextual relationships of built and outdoor space and
circulation, site and its relationship to surroundings. Importance of climate and social factors
in development of site.
Principles of site Planning and land use. Understanding different Landscape situations - siting
of buildings, inter connection of areas, nodes, circulation and zoning, in Residential,
Institutional planning and other land use typologies. Examples of contemporary Landscape
Architecture Projects in India and abroad.
UNIT III: Plants and Design:
Introduction to study of plants in relation to landscape design and architecture.
Study of Plant material – Botanical Nomenclature anatomy and physiology of plant growth
study of trees, shrubs, ground cover, indoor plants in Indian context.
Design with plants – Basic principles of designs. Plant selection criteria –The physical attribute
of plants and relation to design. Appearance, functional and visual effects of plants in landscape
design and built environment. Selection and management of plant material in relation to built
environment.
Planting principles – Bed preparation, mounding, and application of fertilizers, roll preparation,
pruning and maintenance.
UNIT IV: Elements in Landscape Design:
Introduction to Elements in Landscape design Natural and Manmade elements.
Hard landscapes: Design concepts related to use of sculpture, outdoor lighting, built
/architectural elements, and street furniture and grouping them into meaningful compositions
for various purposes. Design of vehicular and pedestrian ways.
Soft landscapes: Use of landform, water and vegetation as landscape elements. Design of soft
landscapes features lawns, shrubs, hedges, trees in relation to buildings and other landscape
elements. Introduction to design of vertical gardens, terrace gardens and green facades.

74
UNIT V: Landscape Construction Details and Services
Materials and techniques of landscape construction with emphasis on appropriateness for
intended use – Circulation (roads, parking, and paths), level changes (walls, steps), outdoor
lighting, boundary walls, trellis, fences, decks, pools. etc.
Landscape construction details- paving, curbs, retaining wall, fountain, decks, terrace and
vertical gardens etc.
Bed preparation, mounding, and application of fertilizers, roll preparation, pruning and
maintenance.
Introduction to irrigation systems – sprinkler trickle irrigation, drip irrigation and laying
irrigation networks.

Assignments /Tests
1. History and development of Landscape Architecture.
2. Studio exercises on preparing Site inventory, Site analysis, grading.
3. Studio exercise emphasizing relationship between built form and outdoor areas.
4. Studio exercises in site zoning and site planning
5. Simple exercises in using plants and landscape elements
6. Documentation of designed landscapes such as residential, institutional, and
recreational spaces.
7. Comprehensive Landscape Design proposal for small scale buildings
8. Write a report on the design process or narratives on site studies.

Reference:

1. Blake, Alan. Landscape Construction and Detailing. B.T. Batsford Ltd., London,
1996.
2. Colvin, Brenda. Land and Landscape.
3. Hacheat, Brian. Planting Design.
4. Harris, C.W. and Dines, T. Nicholas. T.S.S for Landscape Architecture. McGraw
Hill, New York, 2014.
5. Laurie, Michael. An Introduction to Landscape, 2nd ed. Prentice Hall, New Jersey,
1986.
6. Lynch, Kevin. Site Planning. MIT Press, Massachusetts, 1962.
7. John l.Mutloch. Introduction to Landscape Design, 2nded.John Wiley &Sons,Inc,New
york,2001.
8. J.O. Symonds, Architecture-A manual of site planning and design
9. Santapau. H. Common Trees. National Book Trust, New Delhi, 1981.

75
E-resources:
https://www.academia.edu/34842204/introduct Introduction to Landscape Architecture
ion_to_landscape_architecture
https://doarch411sp16.files.wordpress.com/201 Site Planning and Design Handbook, Second
6/01/site_planning_and_design_handbook__se
Edition
cond_edition.pdf
https://www.academia.edu/31755549/Site_Pla Site Planning and Design Handbook,
nning_and_Design_Handbook Thomas H. Russ
https://www.calloways.com/landscape-design- 10 Elements for Landscape Design,
texas/landscape-design-elements/ Calloway’s Nursery
https://worldlandscapearchitect.com/what-is- What is landscape architecture?
landscape-architecture/?v=3a1ed7090bfa
https://archi-monarch.com/ancient-to-modern- Ancient to Modern Landscape
landscape/

COURSE OUTCOMES:
With the successful completion of the course students will have capability to:
COURSE
DESCRIPTION
OUTCOME
Understand the history and development of landscape architecture and its
CO1
role in built environment.
Conduct survey, prepare site inventory, analyze site, and draw
CO 2
inferences/identify challenges for design and development
Assimilate and apply site planning principles to develop site for various
CO 3
land uses.
Identify plants and design with plants for functional, environmental, and
CO 4
visual effects.
Skill to design and detail various landscape elements and specify
CO 5
appropriate materials and construction techniques to be used.
Research, document, discuss and narrate designed landscapes /works of
CO 6
landscape architects
CO 7 Ability to design and plan landscape for small scale projects.

These course outcomes ensure that students will acquire functional environmental and aesthetic
sensitivity towards design of sustainable landscapes in built environment and develop practical
and ethical skills that are relevant to their professional practice as architects.

76
AR22B4.4C HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE – II

Periods Per Week Credits Marks End Exam

L/T/S P/F/O Total Internal External Total W/J/S/P
3 3 3 50 50 100 W

Objectives of the Course:

A. To expose the students to a wide spectrum of architectural styles ranging from ancient
to pre independence period in India.
B. To explain the students the evolution of architecture in relation to time with special
emphasis to social, religious and environmental factors.
C. To make the students understand the developments in the construction technology
adopted during different time periods.

Course Contents:

Unit I: Vedic and Buddhist Architecture.

Development of Vedic Architecture; Development of built forms, ornamentation and
architectural characteristics of Buddhist Architecture in India and rest of Asia.
Unit II: Early Temple Architecture.
Evolution of Hindu temple form, construction techniques in examples of early rock cut
examples; architectural style developed by Early Chalukyans in temples.

Unit III: Nagara, Dravidian and Pandayan styles.

Development of Hindu Architecture: Temples constructed in Nagara style in Orissa,
Kahjuraho, Gujarat, Bengal and Deccan; Developments of Dravidian style in temples
constructed during Pallava, Chola, Pandya periods.

Unit IV: Continuation of Temple Architecture in South India and Jain Architecture.
Development of Hindu Architecture under the reign of later Chalukyans, Architecture of
Vijayanagara- Rayas, Nayakars, Development of built forms and ornamentation used in Jain
Architecture.

Unit V: Indo-Islamic Architecture.

Islamic Architecture in India: Early Saracenic School in India: Imperial school at Delhi.
Development of Islamic Architecture in India; Understanding Provincial styles of Gujarat,
Deccan and Bengal regions; Different built forms constructed in Moghul Architecture in India.

Reference:
1. Brown, Percy. Indian Architecture: Buddhist and Hindu Periods. D.B. Taraporevala
Sons and Co., Mumbai, 2003.
2. Brown, Percy. Indian Architecture: Islamic Periods. D.B. Taraporevala Sons and Co.,
Mumbai, 2003.
3. Grover, Satish. The Architecture of India. Vikas Pub. House Pvt. Ltd., Ghaziabad,
1980.
4. Rowl, Benjamin. Art and Architecture of India.
5. Tadgell, Christopher. The History of Architecture in India: from the Dawn of
Civilization to the End of the Raj. Om Book Service, New Delhi, 1990.
77
 E-resources:

Buddhism in India, Ceylon, China and Japan, a reading guide https://ignca.gov.in/Asi_data/7273.

by Clarence H. Hamilton pdf

https://archive.org/details/encyclop
Encyclopedia of Indian Temple Architecture: Volume II, Part 1 – aedia-of-indian-temple-
Text architecture-ii-pt.1-
By American Institute of Indian Studies text/page/n7/mode/2up

Indian Architecture (Buddhist and Hindu Periods) by Percy https://ignca.gov.in/Asi_data/18060

Brown .pdf

Indo-Islamic Architecture https://archive.org/details/indoislam

By Desai, Ziyaud-Din A., 1925-2002 icarchi00desa

https://ncert.nic.in/textbook/pdf/kef
Temple Architecture and Sculpture a106.pdf

COURSE OUTCOMES:
After the completion of this course, students will be able to
COURSE
DESCRIPTION
OUTCOME
CO1 Illustrate the development of Buddhist architecture in India and Asia.
Understand the development of Hindu temple Architecture in different
CO 2
parts of India.
CO 3 Review the development of Jain Architecture in Indian Sub-Continent.
Identify the characteristic features of Islamic architecture in different
CO 4
provinces of India.
Describe the construction techniques used in building Temples and
CO 5
Mosques etc in India.

CO-PO Mapping for History of Architecture - II

PO PO PO PO- PO- PO- PO- PO- PO- PO- PO- PO-

CO
-1 -2 -3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
AR-4.4 -01 2 2 - 2 1 - 1 2 1 - - 3
AR-4.4-02 2 2 - 2 1 - 1 2 1 - - 3
AR-4.4-03 2 2 - 2 1 - 1 2 1 - - 3
AR-4.4-04 2 2 - 1 3 3 1 2 1 1 1 3
AR-4.4-05 2 2 - 2 1 - 1 2 1 - - 3

78
AR22B4.5C: STRUCTURAL DESIGN (RCC)

Periods per week Marks End Exam Type

CREDITS
L/T/S P/F/O Total Internal External Total W/J/S/P
3 3 3 50 50 100 W

Objectives of the Course:

A. To understand the clauses and provisions in IS Codes for RCC design.
B. Classify the design methodologies in RCC design.
C. Enrich the knowledge of students in understanding the RCC elements.
D. To develop the structural design skills in RCC elements.
E. Imparting information on latest technologies in Concrete Designs.

UNIT I: Introduction to RCC Design and is Code

Introduction to Design Philosophies: Working stress and limit state method; (Limit State of
Collapse and Serviceability). Introduction to different structural elements in RCC. General
conditions, loads and load combinations, design concepts of different structural elements for
flexure, shear, torsion and deflection as per IS- 456 2000.
UNIT II: Design of Flexure Members - Beams
Beams –Analysis and Design of single and doubly reinforced beams using limit state
methods for flexure, shear, torsion and deflection. Introduction to T beam and L beams.
Design of a Lintel and Cantilever beam.
UNIT III: Design of Flexure Members - Slabs and Staircases
Slabs: Introduction, Design of One way, two way and cantilever slabs for flexure and
deflection.
Staircases: Types of staircases in RCC and their behaviour. Design of a dog-legged stair case.
UNIT IV: Compression Members - Columns and Footings
Columns: Analysis and Design of axially loaded RCC columns. Design of columns subjected
to uniaxial and biaxial bending. Design of Column for buckling and torsion.
Footings: Design of Isolated footings (Square and Rectangle) for columns by LSM.
UNIT V: Pre- Stressed Concrete
Introduction to pre-stressed concrete, Codal provisions of IS code, Materials and equipment
used in pre-stressed concrete, Methods of Pre-stressing, Pre tensioning and Post tensioning
techniques. Practical applications in current projects.
Introduction to flat slab design concepts and waffle slabs.

Reference:
1. A.K.Jain. Reinforced Concrete: Limit State Design, 5th ed. New Chand and Bros.,
Roorkee, 1999.

79
 2. Ramamrutham. S. and Narayan, R. Design of RCC Structures, 12th ed. Dhanpat Rai
Pub. Co. Pvt. Ltd., Delhi, 1998.
3. Krishna Raju. N and PraneshNR., Reinforced Concrete Design: Principles And
Practice., 1st ed., New Age International Pvt Ltd Publishers, 2018.
4. Punmia BC, Ashok Kumar Jain, Arun Kumar Jain, Limit State Design of Reinforced
Concrete, Revised ed., Laxmi Publications, 2016.

E-resources:
https://www.ultratechcement.com/home-building- Right way to install R.C.C footings.
explained-single/the-right-way-to-install-rcc-footings- Step by step process of laying
for-a-strong-home foundations.
cademia.edu/12715036/IS_456_2000_ Indian Standard PLAIN AND
REINFORCED CONCRETE CODE
OF PRACTICE Fourth Revision
https://www.civilprojectsonline.com/building- Introduction to R.C.C. , Components of
construction/introduction-to-design-of-rcc-structures/ R.C.C., examples of R.C.C. structures
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/components-rcc-frame- Structural components of typical R.C.C.
structure-fouremmarketing?trk=organization-update- framed structure
content_share-article
https://tribby3d.com/blog/one-way-slab-and-two-way- R.C.C One way Slab and Two way Slab
slab/#:~:text=In%20a%20one%2Dway%20slab,it%20oc
curs%20in%20both%20directions.
https://www.keuka-studios.com/types-of-stairs-2/ Types of Staircases, advantages and
disadvantages
https://bmtpc.org/DataFiles/CMS/file/PDF_Files/61_PA Precast concrete technology
C_Urbaanic_Final.pdf
COURSE OUTCOMES
Upon the successful completion of the course, the student will be able to

COURSE DESCRIPTION
OUTCOME
CO1 Understand IS code provisions to evaluate design concepts of RCC.
CO2 Perform the design calculations for flexure members, beams and slabs.
CO3 Evaluate the behavior and design capacity of compression members.
Assess the strength and design of Cantilever beams and slabs, lintels,
CO4
sunshades and staircases.
CO5 Discuss the conceptual understanding of pre stressing methods.

COURSE OUTCOMES PROGRAM OUTCOMES MAPPING:

80
AR17B4

PO-10

PO-11

PO-12

PSO 1

PSO 2
PO-1

PO-2

PO-3

PO-4

PO-5

PO-6

PO-7

PO-8

PO-9
.3C
CO-1 3 2 2 - 2 2 2 - 1 - - - 2 -
CO-2 3 2 2 - 1 2 - 1 2 1 - 2 2 2
CO-3 3 2 2 2 1 3 - 1 2 2 2 2 2 3
CO-4 3 2 2 1 1 2 - - 2 2 - 2 2 2
CO-5 2 2 1 - - 2 2 - - - - 3 1 2

81
AR22B4.6C WATER, SANITATION AND HYGIENE

End
Periods Per Week Marks Exam
CREDITS
Type
L/T/S P/F/O Total Internal External Total W/J/S/P
3 3 3 50 50 100 W

Objectives of the course

The objective of the subject is to enable students to understand and apply:
A. To enrich the knowledge of students in understanding the need and importance of
building services at building and urban level with standard bye laws as per BIS.
B. Water distribution systems and its requirements at different scales such as building, site,
neighborhood, etc.
C. To equip the fundamentals to design plumbing systems for different sizes of buildings.
D. Calculations and disposal of rainwater and solid waste disposal.
E. Formulating sustainable solutions for real world problems.
UNIT I: Water Supply
Sources of water supply – Surface and Underground, standards of purity-pH levels and
treatment of water- Conventional water treatment – sedimentation, coagulation, filtration and
disinfection, Impurities, and treatment; Hardness of water – softening, qualities of potable
water. Domestic water distribution system- Continuous, intermittent, service connections,
water meters, capacity of storage tanks - overhead tank, sump and pumping plants required,
calculation of water consumption. Demand of water for domestic, commercial, industrial, and
public utility purposes as per BIS standards. Domestic water piping systems. Hot and cold-
water distribution within the building: Layout of water supply lines in a domestic house. Types
of fittings to Kitchen and bathrooms, etc. Water supply to high rise buildings: problems
encountered, and systems adopted. Energy Efficient Pumping Systems as per Eco-Niwas
Samhita 2021 recommendations. New trends in water supply and plumbing to domestic and
commercial level (Green building Concepts on water supply and plumbing)
UNIT II: Plumbing and Sanitary Appliances
Building service connections- Domestic and Commercial - Hot and Cold-water distribution
systems and design in small and multi storied buildings, Types of Valves (gate, flap, ball, flush
valves etc.) & station, Pipe supports, hangers, fixing, plumbing for small houses direct and
indirect water supply systems for individual and multistorey buildings, Fire hydrants, solar
heating systems. Preparation of plumbing drawings, symbols commonly used in these
drawings. Drainage – floor traps, drains, P, Q, S-trap, bottle traps, Single stack, two stack,
cross venting, fixture venting, Materials for construction.
Sanitary appliances – Kitchen and toilets, etc., Basic requirements of Drainage and Sanitation,
Selection, and Installation of Sanitary Appliances from Hot and Cold-Water system- Pipe
Sizes, Materials and type of fixtures, Sanitary pipe work – PVC, GI, CI, HDPE, etc. within
the premises and multi storied building. Quantity Estimate for Sanitary Fixtures.

82
UNIT III: Sanitation and Storm Water System
Basic principles of sanitation and disposal of various kinds of waste matter from building.
Brief description of various types systems of sewage disposal systems - surface drainage
combined and separate system of drainage, Individual disposal systems- cess pool, Septic tank
etc., Public Drainage system, Materials, details of Construction etc., Refuse disposal: -
Refuse bins, refuse chutes etc, plumbing systems (one pipe, two pipe etc), Anti siphonage and
vent pipes, single stack and double stack system House drainage system, Drainage of sub-soil
water. Manholes, Sub drains, culverts, ditches, and gutters, drop inlets and catch basins, roads
and pavements, storm water overflow/regulators. On-site processing and disposal methods.
Aerobic and Anaerobic decomposition, purifying capacity of water bodies. Sewage treatment-
Biochemical Oxygen Demand.
Sources and uses of storm water, Roof drainage – Pitched roofs, flat roofs, Surface Water
drainage, storm water drains. Rainwater harvesting techniques, Swales, ditches etc, methods
of recharging ground water, construction details and techniques for storage of rain water for
building and site use.
UNIT IV: Solid Waste Disposal
Types of solid waste, quantity of waste generated, collection and segregation of municipal
solid waste. Recycling techniques for solid waste. Properties of Solid Wastes: Physical and
chemical composition of municipal solid wastes, waste generation rates. Management of Solid
Wastes in India: Prevalent SWM practices and deficiencies: Storage of waste at source,
segregation of wastes, primary collection of waste, transportation of waste, disposal of wastes.
Disposal of Wastes: Sanitary landfilling, Composting, Incineration, Pyrolysis – advantages
and limitations.
UNIT V: Hygiene
Importance of Health- Individual and Building, set of practices performed for the
preservation of health and well-being. World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. Hygiene
Cleanliness, Waterborne, Water-related, Water based, Epidemic diseases, Conservancy to
water carriage system. Understanding the Sustainable techniques related to sanitation without
compromising the hygiene at Individual and building level. Incorporating the aspects of
hygiene for bathrooms, kitchens, and other areas where people engage in activities that require
hygiene and clean conditions.
There are also emerging areas of focus in architecture related to hygiene, such as designing
buildings and spaces that can better resist the spread of diseases, such as those that have become
more relevant in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, etc.

ASSIGNMENTS TO BE FORMULATED:
1. Assigning work to learn about the BIS related to the topics.
2. Case Study- Understanding the Water Supply from Residential Level to
Neighborhood level.
3. Market survey for pipes, fittings and fixtures, traps etc
4. Online Study on Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene – report submission.

83
 5. Inculcate working drawings and report on Water supply and Sanitation with all
fixtures in Kitchen, Bath, and Utility for a small Residence and multi storied i.e.,
Plan and Section, Terrace plan with Rainwater down take pipes, Sump and OHT.
Report Writing - Understanding the present technologies and facilities.
6. Individual and group presentation on micro and macro (Environment) Problems and
solutions associated with the health and well-being of the society.

Reference:
1. National Building Code (NBC) – 2005, 2016.
2. Wise, A.F.E. and Swaffield, J.A., “Water Sanitary Services for Buildings”, Longman
Scientific and Technical, Harlow, 1995.
3. Greeno, Roger, “Building Services Technology and Design”, Longman Scientific and
Technical, Harlow, 1997.
4. Chatterjee, A.K., “Water Supply and Sanitary Engineering”, Khanna Publishers, New
Delhi, 1986.
5. Punmia, B. C., Jain, A. K. and Jain, A. K. (1995). Water Supply Engineering. New
Delhi: Laxmi Publications.
6. Punmia, B. C., Jain, A. K. and Jain, A.K. (1998). Waste Water Engineering. New Delhi:
Laxmi Publications
7. Rangwala, S. C. (2005). Water Supply and Sanitary Engineering. Charoter Publishing.
8. Birdie, G. S., and Birdie, J. S., Water Supply and Sanitary Engineering, DhanpatRai
and Sons, New Delhi,2007.
9. Garg, S. K., Environmental Engineering, Vol. II, Khanna Publications, New Delhi,
2009.
10. Duggal, K. N., Elements of Environmental Engineering, S Chand and Co. Ltd., New
Delhi, 2008
11. Hussain, S.K. T.B. of Water supply and Sanitary Engineering, 3rd ed. Oxford and IBH
Pub. Ltd., New Delhi, 1994

E-resources:
https://www.pas.org.in/Portal/document/ResourcesFi Basics Of Water Supply System Training
les/pdfs/Module_1%20Basics%20of%20water%20su Module for Local Water and Sanitation
pply%20system.pdf Management
https://ncert.nic.in/textbook/pdf/iepg105.pdf Pipe Fittings, Joints, and Valves
https://law.resource.org/pub/in/bis/S03/is.sp.35.1987 Handbook On Water Supply and Drainage
.pdf (With Special Emphasis on Plumbing)
https://iricen.gov.in/iricen/books_jquery/Plumbing% Rets-Practical Guide Book Series-
20And%20Pipe%20Line%20Work.pdf Plumbing and Pipeline Work
https://www.philadelphia.edu.jo/academics/nbadarne Sanitary Systems Design Part 2 Prepared
h/uploads/CH%202%20part2.pdf By: Eng. Nadia Badarneh
https://ec.europa.eu/echo/files/evaluation/watsan200
Chapter 7-Solid Waste Management
5/annex_files/WEDC/es/ES07CD.pdf

84
 Madan Mohan Malaviya Univ. Of
http://www.mmmut.ac.in/News_content/21020tpnew
Technology, Gorakhpur Solid Waste
s_10312020.pdf
Management
https://www.eawag.ch/fileadmin/Domain1/Abteilung
en/sandec/E-
Solid Waste Management
Learning/Moocs/Solid_Waste/W2/Solid_waste_man
agement_UNEP_2005.pdf
https://ec.europa.eu/programmes/erasmus-
plus/project-result-content/908fceb3-6d8d-43a0-
Hygiene And Sanitation Handbook 2018
bc76-d780aeb1a13b/Hygiene-Sanitation-
Handbook_ENG.pdf
https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/330 Water, Sanitation, Hygiene and Health A
100/WHO-CED-PHE-WSH-19.149-eng.pdf Primer for Health Professionals
https://www.jica.go.jp/project/solomon/002/materials Healthy Village Facilitator’s Guide-
/ku57pq00003um0e9- Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene
att/Water_Sanitation_and_Hygiene.pdf (Wash)

COURSE OUTCOMES:
On successful completion of the course, student should have capability to
COURSE
DESCRIPTION
OUTCOME
Identify the importance of water supply, sanitation and hygiene in
CO1
architecture and design.
Evaluate different water supply and plumbing technologies, systems and
CO 2
interventions for buildings and communities
Apply site planning and design principles for building water supply,
CO 3 sanitation and plumbing facilities and infrastructure in relation to water
resources, sanitation, and hygiene requirements
Design integrated solutions that promote health, safety, wellbeing at
CO 4
building and site level.
Apply critical thinking, problem-solving, and project management skills to
CO 5 develop water supply, sanitation, and hygiene projects that align with local
and global standards, regulations, and best practices

These course outcomes ensure that students will not only acquire technical knowledge in
water supply, sanitation and hygiene but also develop practical, creative, and ethical skills
that are relevant to their professional practice as architects.

85
 PO- PO- PO- PO- PO- PO- PO- PO- PO- PO- PO- PO-
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
CO1 2 - 1 - 1 - 2 1 1 - - 1 1,3,5,7,8,9,12
CO
3 - - 2 1 3 1 - 2 3 - 2 1,4,5,6,7,9,10,12
2
CO
2 - - - 3 3 2 2 2 1 2 - 1,5,6,7,8,9,10,11
3
CO
- 2 3 2 - 2 - 3 2 - - - 2,3,4,6,8,9
4
CO
1 3 2 - 1 2 - - 3 - 3 1 1,2,3,5,6,9,11,12
5
1- Low Correlation 2-Medium Correlation 3-High Correlation

86
AR22B4.7C COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN-I
End
Periods Per Week Marks
CREDITS Exam
L/T/S P/F/O Total Internal External Total W/J/S/P
3 3 3 50 50 -

Objectives of the Course:

A. To orient the student to create two and three-dimensional objects in virtual space
B. Train students to use CAD to produce more work/ quicker time
C. Train students to convert their virtual drawings to high quality prints
D. Sensitize students to create 2D documents which can be used for further development
in 3D softwares

Course Contents:

Unit I : Manual and CAD Techniques

History; Advantages of CAD over manual drafting, integrating CAD with manual
methods like sketching and model making.

Introduction to the Interface of Auto CAD, other alternative CAD softwares

Unit II : CAD Interface

Starting Auto CAD: Introduction to the menu, starting drawings from scratch,
Creating and using templates starting drawings with setup wizards. Saving and closing a
file.
Using co-ordinate system: The UCS, Working with Cartesian and polar co-ordinate
systems, using displays with key shortcuts.

Unit III: Drafting

Drawing tools, modification tools, layers (CTB/STB), line weights, keyboard shortcuts
Creating and modifying blocks
Model space vs paper space

Unit IV: Documenting and Printing

Using database information for objects, calculating distance and angle, areas etc.
Annotate: Dimensioning the objects in linear, angular fashions along with quick time
dimensioning etc.
Presentation- Colour, texture, Hatch, templates and layout
Plotting Setup: sheet size, ctb, object line weights, export file type, Scale, print
setup.

87
Unit V: Geo-mapping And Rastering

Practicing the geometric shapes, geo-mapping by using google earth images to scale,
extracting contour information from google maps, reading and understanding them.

Digitisation by documentation of existing site plans by tracing in autocad , importing

images/pdf/different file types in to cad.

Reference:

1. Teyapoovan, T. Engineering Drawing with Auto CAD 2000. Vikas Pub. House Pvt.
Ltd., New Delhi, 2000.
2. Parker, Daniel and Rice, Habert. Inside Auto CAD Daniel. 1987.
3. Georgeomura, Auto CAD Release 2000.
4. AutoCAD 2010 Textbook-AutoCAD 2010: A Problem-Solving Approach-
Customizing AutoCAD 2010
5. Beginning AutoCAD 2007- By Bob McFarlane, Robert McFarlane

E-reference:

 https://help.autodesk.com/view/ACD/2022/ENU/?guid=GUID-2AA12FC5-FBB2-
4ABE-9024-90D41FEB1AC3.
 https://images.autodesk.com/adsk/files/autocad_aca_user_guide_english.pdf

COURSE OUTCOMES:

After successfully completing the course the student will able to:

CO1 Apply CAD as a tool to create better presentations

CO2 analyse Satellite imagery to extract site related information into the CAD
interface
CO3 Understand interoperability of various digital formats
CO4 Create required project drawings on CAD
CO5 Create technical drawings and plans for architectural and engineering
projects.

CO-PO mapping

CO\PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
CO1 - - 1 - - 2 - - - 3 - -
CO2 1 2 - - 3 - - - - - 1 1
CO3 - - 1 - - - - - - - 3 -
CO4 3 - - - - 1 - - - 3 - 1

88
 Bachelor of Architecture
Fifth Semester Syllabus, R22

(As Approved as by Board of Studies, Architecture on 07-10-2024)

Jawaharlal Nehru Architecture and Fine Arts University

Hyderabad
October, 7, 2024

89
 Course Structure for B.Arch.
(Under the OBE and CBCS, Effective from the Academic Year 2022-2023)
FIFTH SEMESTER

Periods/Hours per End

CoA group
Marks
Course week Exam
S.No. Course Title Credits
Code L/T/
P/F/O Total Int. Ext. Total W/J/S/P
S

1 AR22B5.1C Architectural Design – IV PC 9 9 9 100 100 200 J

Materials and Building

2 AR22B5.2C BS 4 4 4 50 50 100 S
Construction V

3 AR22B5.3C History of Architecture – III PC 3 3 3 50 50 100 W

4 AR22B5.4C Structural Design (Steel) BS 3 3 3 50 50 100 W

Electrical Systems,
5 AR22B5.5C BS 3 3 3 50 50 100 W
Lighting and HVAC
Working Drawing and
6 AR22B5.6C PC 4 4 4 50 50 100 J
Details

7 AR22B5.xE Professional Elective – I PE 2 2 4 4 50 - 50 -

28 2 30 30 400 350 750

Note: L/T/S = Lecture/ Tutorial / Studio; P/F/O = Practical / Fieldwork / Others; End Exam W/J/S/P = Written (3 hours) / Jury/ Studio
(5 hours) / Practical

PROFESSIONAL ELECTIVE-I

1 AR22B5.1E Workshop: Vernacular Architecture

2 AR22B5.2E Workshop: Craft in Architecture
3 AR22B5.3E Workshop: Appropriate Building Technologies
4 AR22B5.4E Workshop: Advanced 3D Modelling
5 AR22B5.5E Workshop: Stone Construction

90
AR22B5.1C ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN – IV

Periods Per Week Marks End Exam

Credits
L/T/S P/F/O Total Internal External Total W/J/S/P

9 9 9 100 100 200 J

Objectives of the Course:

A) Elaborate the key elements of site-planning from analysis to actual preparation of site
plans.

B) Provide a framework for programming phase in design by defining and addressing the design
brief with embedded goals, concepts, problem statements, and feasibility.

C) Gain an understanding on the various influential design philosophies and encourage students to
infuse a personal philosophy for their design interventions and experiences

D) Develop insights on the complex nuances of urban issues that impact design and provide
appropriate solutions

Unit I: Site Planning

Site planning with organizing and arranging buildings, structures, and open spaces on a given site,
taking into account its natural and built environment, context, built-form goals; Key considerations
include topography, infrastructure, regulations, and circulation; Incorporating the harmonious
relationship between the built and natural environments (landscaping), while improving usability,
sustainability, and universal design solutions.
Unit II: Architectural Program
Preparation of Architectural Program, defining a building's requirements through data collection, case-
study, analysis, and synthesis.
Data collection stage- collect information about the project's context, such as the site location, local
building codes and regulations, the client's budget and timeline: questionnaires and interviews with the
client and stakeholders to determine their needs and preferences.
An orientation towards working with clients and stakeholders to identify the purpose, activities, and
goals of the building typology, the design concept, development of a detailed program that outlines
the building's requirements and specifications. Programming to ensure users' requirements,
responding to the site, through collaboration, analysis, and creativity.

91
Unit III: Design Philosophy
The design philosophy: how every aspect of a project is approached – from motivations, investment
goals, regulations, to opportunities, and aesthetics.
Notable design philosophies such as: Functionalism, Modernism, Postmodernism, Sustainable design,
Parametricism, Biophilic design, Contextualism.
Students should encourage to discover their own design philosophy, which could be based on the
insights / motivation and studio experience gained.

Unit IV: Micro-Climate Analysis

Micro-climate analysis in architecture: studying and evaluating local environmental conditions to
inform design decisions; Site analysis, climatic data collection, solar and wind analysis, thermal
comfort evaluation, and integration of microclimate-responsive design strategies: optimize energy
efficiency, occupant comfort, and sustainability by tailoring the design to the site's unique microclimate;
Post-occupancy evaluations, validate the effectiveness of design strategies.
Unit V: Barrier-Free Environment
Barrier-free design: creating inclusive and accessible spaces for people of all abilities; Understanding
various accessibility standards and regulations, incorporating universal design principles, providing
accessible entrances, circulation, and facilities, considering sensory and cognitive needs, designing
inclusive outdoor spaces, and engaging users for feedback: equal access, independence, and dignity for
individuals with disabilities, going beyond mere compliance to create functional environments.

Guidelines for learning:

Assignments to be formulated:
At least two major exercises and one minor design/ time problems should be given. The final submission
shall necessarily include a model for at least one of the two main problems.

Type of Design Problems: Institution Buildings, Research Institution, Schools, Colleges, Research
Center
Integration: The design portfolio shall consist of construction details of the spaces designed. Design
portfolio to contain MEP calculations and Drawings

92
Reference:

1. Thomas Russ, The Site Planning and Design Handbook, 2nd Edition, McGraw Hill,
2009
2. Gary Hack, Site Planning: International Practice, The MIT Press, 2018
3. James A.LaGro Jr, Site Analysis: A contextual approach to Sustainable Land Planning
and Site Design, 2nd Edition, John Wiley & Sons, 2007.
4. Thomas J. Elpel, The Site Planning Guide: Learn the Principles of Successful Site
Planning and Design
5. Peter Zumthor, Thinking Architecture, Birkhauser, 2010
6. Manfredo Tafuri, Architecture and Utopia: Design and Capitalist Development,
Revised Ed, MIT Press, 1976
7. Kevin Lynch, The Image of the City, The MIT Press, 1964
8. Christopher Alexander, Sara Ishikawa, Murray Silberstein, A Pattern Language: Tows,
Buildings, Construction, Oxford, 2015
9. Jane Jacobs, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, 1st Edition, Vintage, 1992.
10. Pena, William, Problem Seeking: an architectural programming primer, Cahners Books
International, Boston 1977
11. Bally Meeda, Neil Parkyn, David Struart Walton, Graphics for Urban Design, Thomas
Telford Ltd, London, 2007

E-resources:
https://indianinstituteofarchitects.com/pdf/study- SITE PLANNING FOR
material/Site-Planning.pdf ARCHITECTURAL PROJECTS

https://web.iit.edu/sites/web/files/departments/academic- ARCHITECTURAL PROGRAMMING

affairs/academic-resource-
center/pdfs/arch_programming.pdf

https://simplicable.com/design/design-philosophy The Design Philosophy

https://blog.proto.io/10-of-the-best-design-philosophies- 10 of the Best Design Philosophies of

of-all-time/ All Time.

93
COURSE OUTCOMES:
Upon successful completion of the course the students will be able to:

COURSE
S.No. DESCRIPTION
OUTCOME

Cultivate the necessary skills for Site Selection, Documentation, Analysis,

1 CO1
Planning and Design

Devise and develop a robust design brief for the architectural design based
2 CO2 on well-defined scope and thorough interpretation of the goals, needs and
overall vision for the building program.

Infuse an individualistic design philosophy that would guide them towards

3 CO3 refined design outcomes based on their exposure to popular dictums and
design philosophies of leading proponents.

Relate to the elements and influencing aspects of Urban Contexts and adopt
4 CO4
a holistic perspective to come up with an architectural design.

Formulate and document their research efforts and resultant outcomes of the
5 CO5 entire design process in a well-structured format as per accepted standards in
Project Report writing.

COURSE OUTCOMES PROGRAM OUTCOMES MAPPING:

CO/PO PO- PO- PO- PO- PO- PO- PO- PO- PO- PO- PO- PO- PSO PSO
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2

CO 1 3 3 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 - 3 1 1

CO 2 3 3 2 3 3 2 2 2 3 3 1 2 3 3

CO 3 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 3 3

CO 4 3 3 3 2 3 2 3 1 2 3 3 3 3 3+

1 - Low Correlation 2 - Medium Correlation 3 - High Correlation

94
AR22B5.2C MATERIALS AND BUILDING CONSTRUCTION V

Periods Per Week Marks End Exam Type

L/T/S P/F/O Total CREDITS Internal External Total W/J/S/P

4 4 4 50 50 100 S

Objectives of the Course:

A. To create awareness among the students regarding problems related to old buildings and
renovations: methods to deal with them

B. To apply the construction techniques in real life problems.

C. By combining theoretical and practical instruction, students to be equipped to make well

informed decisions when designing and construction of buildings.

D. Imparting how to represent building construction in the form of drawings, instructions

and check the quality of work.

UNIT 1: Introduction to Building Failures

Causes and damage in old building, issues of maintenance and repair, preliminary Inspection and
general observation, decayed elements, difference between decay and damage.
UNIT 2: Substructure- Foundations (Classification by Material)
Stone -Signs to be repaired-Mortar is falling out, bulging or leaning wall, Loose stones, Cracked stone
walls. Causes - Water and moisture, Frost, Modification, Vehicular traffic, Roof spillage, Trees.
Repair methods – Repointing, Proper drainage and runoff, Shotcrete, Replacement.
Brick – Common Problems with a Brick Foundation - the bricks themselves break down over time, The
mortar holding the bricks together breaks down over time, The foundation walls bow inward because
of hydrostatic pressure, Wet basements, The bricks are wet and deteriorating from excess moisture.
Repair methods - Mortar deterioration, Wet basement and damp bricks, Interior walls have a layer of
flaking cement or paint, Differential foundation settlement. The interior or exterior foundation walls are
coated with cement or paint, and it’s flaking off, Stair step cracks in the foundation wall are a sure sign
of trouble, Efflorescence on foundation walls. The bricks are mouldy or have moss growing on them.
R.C.C - Causes of foundation failures are: Load transfer, Lateral Movement, Unequal Support, Drag
Down and Heave, Change in Water Level, Construction Sequencing, Poor Workmanship, Undermining
Safe Support, and Vibration Effects.

95
Prevention/Remediation of Foundation Failures - Load Transfer Remediation, Unequal Support
Remediation, Drag Down Remediation and Heave, Change in Water Level, Poor Workmanship,
Undermining Safe Support Remediation, Vibration Effects,

UNIT 3: Superstructure
Timber:
Moisture content, treatment prior to installation, factors reducing strength of timber, approach to repair
and to the timber roofing system.
Bricks:
Strength reducing factors in brick work, effect of ageing, weathering, temperature variation of brick-
work, joints and cracks, construction defects, repair and maintenance.
R.C. Concrete:
Mixing methods at site, structural design for repairs, causes of failure in concrete structures, pressure-
grouting.
UNIT 4: Methodical approach to Repairs
Cracks over openings, sinking and sagging balconies, repairs to decayed floors and floor joints,
example: Jack arch., madras roof terrace, foundation sinking,
Repairs to walls. Propping, shoring, strutting and under pinning.
UNIT 5: Unusual problems
Repairs to large span rooms, water proofing the roof terraces, leakages from toilets, case studies and
site visits.
Note: This is a studio subject and students should be made to document the problems in old buildings
through inspections and propose remedial measures by preparing construction drawings and report on
materials as studio exercise with the theoretical inputs given through lectures.
Efforts have to be put in inspecting a heritage building and suggest suitable materials (authentic) and
remedial measures under the considerations of Handbook of Conservation of Heritage Buildings,
published by Directorate General, Central Public Works Department, New Delhi, 2013.

96
Reference:

1. Feilden, M. Bernard. Conservation of Historic Buildings. Butterworth Scientific,

London, 1992.
2. McKay, W.B. Failures and Repair of Concrete Structures Vol. IV.
3. Raikar, R.N. Learning From Failures: Deficiencies in Design. Construction and
Service, R and D Centre, New Bombay, 1987.
4. Handbook of Conservation of Heritage Buildings, published by Directorate General,
Central Public Works Department, New Delhi, 2013.
5. REPAIR AND RETROFITTING OF MASONRY STRUCTURES Published by
Arabella Taylor
6. TYPICAL FOUNDATION FAILURES AND REMEDIATIONS Prepared by Samer
Zaidan Civil Engineering, Construction Management, New Jersey Institute of
Technology CE 615-850 Infrastructure and Facilities Remediation Summer 2021
Professor Giri Venkiteela

E-RESOURCES
https://www.foundationprosfl.com/stone-foundation- Stone Foundation Repair 101: Methods That
repair-101-methods-that-work/ Work!

https://amc911.com/repairing-a-brick-foundation/ Repairing a Brick Foundation

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/354400090_T Typical foundation failure and remediation
YPICAL_FOUNDATION_FAILURES_AND_REME
DIATIONS
https://ecajmer.ac.in/facultylogin/announcements/uploa Cracks in masonry building (causes &
d/Cracks%20in%20masonry%20building%20(causes% prevention)
20&%20prevention).pdf
https://www.iare.ac.in/sites/default/files/lecture_notes/I Rehabilitation & Retrofitting of Structure
ARE_RRS_Lecture_Notes_0.pdf
http://www.cv.titech.ac.jp/~courses/atce2/Lesson3.pdf Shoring, scaffolding, and underpinning

https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/41805063.pdf Defects in Timber and its repair.

https://www.civilprojectsonline.com/building- Repair of Jack arch roof
construction/guide-to-repair-and-waterproofing-of-
jack-arch-concrete-roof/

97
COURSE OUTCOMES:
Upon successful completion of the course the students will be able to:
S.No. COURSE DESCRIPTION
OUTCOME
1 CO1 Demonstrate knowledge on Building Failures in old buildings, issues of
maintenance and repairs in old buildings.
2 CO2 Document problems in old buildings through inspections and propose
remedial measures.
3 CO3 Learn various techniques and their implementation in repairing the existing
structure.
4 CO4 Prepare construction drawings as studio exercises along with the theoretical
inputs on building failures, repairs and maintenance.
5 CO5 Conduct case studies, site visits and documentation of building components.

COURSE OUTCOMES PROGRAM OUTCOMES MAPPING:

CO/P PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PS PS
O -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9 -10 -11 -12 O1 O2
1 3 2 1 1 3 2 1 - - - 3 - 2 -
2 2 3 1 - - 2 1 - 1 3 3 1 1 1
3 3 2 2 - 1 3 - - 2 3 1 - 2 2
4 2 2 2 2 - 1 - - - 2 - - - 3

5 2 3 - - - - 1 2 - 3 3 - 1 2

1 - Low Correlation 2 - Medium Correlation 3 - High Correlation

98
AR22B5.3C HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE- III

Periods Per Week Marks End Exam

Credits
L/T/S P/F/O Total Internal External Total W/J/S/P

3 3 3 50 50 100 W

Objectives of the Course:

A. To expose the students to a wide spectrum of architectural styles and theory.
B. To explain the students how architecture evolved in relation to time with special
emphasis to social, religious and environmental factors.
C. To make the students understand the developments in the construction technology and
theories developed in different countries in same timeline.

Course Contents:

Unit – I – Architecture of Renaissance and neo-classicism.

Architecture of Early Renaissance, High Renaissance and Late Renaissance, Baroque and Rococo
styles; Neo classical Architecture and study of building typologies. The other architecture styles
preceding the advent of Industrial revolution in Europe.

Unit – II- Impact of Industrial revolution

Influence of Industrial Revolution on building materials, Construction Technology, evolution of new
building types and increasing user requirements.
Use of Steel and Glass in 19th Century buildings and structures. Iron bridges, Development of
Reinforced Cement Concrete Structures

Unit – III - Avant Garde, movements in Architecture

Characteristic styles of modern architecture up to First World War. Arts and crafts movement, Theories
of John Ruskin and William Morris
Art Nouveau Movement. Vienna School of Modernism in Architecture, Chicago School and
Development of Skyscrapers. Deutshers work bund, Monumentalism and Expressionism.

Unit – IV - Pioneers of Modernism

Contributions to Architecture by pioneers of Modernism and Development of International Style.
Frank Lloyd Wright-Organic Architecture and Prairie Style, Walter Gropius- Bauhaus School and its
impact, Mies Van der Rohe- Minimalism and Le Corbusier’s contribution in the periods between the
Worlds Wars.
Characteristics of modern architecture after the Second World War.Study of works by Alvar Aalto, Ero
Saarinen, Richard Neutra, Louis I Kahn, Phillip Johnson, etc.

Unit – V - Engineer Architects and Pre Independence Architecture in India

Design theories and contributions of Engineer- architects Pier Luigi Nervi Felix Candela, Buckminster
Fuller, Frei Otto

Pre-Independence architecture in India: Development of secular architecture from the end of the 18th
Century to the middle of the 20th Century.

99
 Reference:
1. Benevolo, Leonardo. History of Modern Architecture: the tradition of modern
architecture Vol.1. Routledge and Kegan Paul, London, 1971.
2. Frampton Kenneth Modern Architecture: A Critical History London: Thomes&
Hudson, 1980
3. Benevolo, Leonardo. History of Modern Architecture: the modern movement
Vol.2. Routledge and Kegan Paul, London, 1971.
4. Curtis, J.R. William. Modern Architecture since 1900. Prentice-Hall, Inc., New
Jersey, 2002.
5. Giedion, Sigfried, Space, Time and Architecture: the growth of a new tradition, 4th
ed. Harvard Universtiy Press, Cambridge, 1962.
6. Hilberseimer, L. Contemporary Architecture: Its roots and trends. Paul theobald,
Chicago, 1964.
7. Pevsner, NicolausOersonem: Pioneers of Modern Design from William Morris
to Walter Gropius-.
8. Sharp, Dennis. Twentieth Century Architecture: A Visual History, Facts on File.
New York, 1991
9. Norbergschul C., Principles of Modern Architecture, London Andreas papadakes,
2000.

Course Outcomes:

Upon successful completion of the course the students will be able to:

S. No. COURSE OUTCOME DESCRIPTION

1 CO1 Describe the evolution of new building types and techniques due to the
influence of industrial revolution
2 CO2 Classify characteristic styles of modern architecture

3 CO3 Discuss the contributions of Pioneers to modern Architecture

4 CO4 Explain the development of pre independence architecture in India

5 CO5 Understand modern design philosophies in the evolution of innovative

architectural forms and designs

CO-PO Mapping

PO- PO- PO-

CO PO-1 PO-2 PO-3 PO-4 PO-5 PO-6 PO-7 PO-8 PO-9
10 11 12
AR-5.3-01 1 1 - 2 2 2 1 2 2 1 1 2
AR-5.3-02 1 1 - 2 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 3
AR-5.3-03 3 2 - 2 3 3 2 3 2 2 2 3
AR-5.3-04 1 1 - 2 2 2 1 1 1 - - 2
AR-5.3-05 3 3 - 2 2 3 2 1 1 1 2 3

100
AR22B5.4C: STRUCTURAL DESIGN (Steel)

Periods per week Marks End Exam Type

CREDITS
L/T/S P/F/O Total Internal External Total W/J/S/P

3 3 3 50 50 100 W

Objectives of the Course:

A. To enrich the knowledge of students in relevant IS codes.

B. To develop the skills in design of elements of a steel structure.
C. To develop capability of designing an entire structure in Steel.
D. Imparting information on various joints in steel construction.
E. Enable them to understand industrial and infrastructure steel buildings.

UNIT I: Introduction to IS Code Is 800-2007 and Tension Members

Design as per IS Code: Introduction to the IS Code and relevant Clauses. Usage of Standard rolled
steel sections. Types of various design mechanisms. Study of Plastic analysis of steel elements
Tension members: Introduction to Axially loaded tension members, net effective areas, analysis and
design of single angle, double angle and hollow circular sections for tension with bolted and welded
connections.
UNIT II: Compression Members
Columns: Sections used for Compression members. Various End Conditions of columns, Slenderness
ratio, Analysis for Strength and Design of axially loaded steel columns. i.e., by using I-sections, channel
sections, and Angle sections. Design of lacing and battening system to compound columns.
Base Plate: Design of the base plate for axial loads. Introduction to gusseted base plate design.
UNIT III: Flexure Members
Introduction to simple beams and plated beams with various end conditions. Analysis of a beam from
strength and stiffness considerations.
Design of laterally supported simple beams and built up beams with flange plates including check for
shear, buckling and deflection.
UNIT IV: Types of Connections
Bolted and Welded connections. Beam end and bracket connections, bolted seated connections, welded
seated connections.

101
UNIT V: Portal Frames and Industrial Structures
Industrial Structures and Portal Frames: Introduction to components of a Steel Industrial structure.
Introduction to types of Gantry girders. Loads such as DL, LL, WL and Seismic loads. Effect of Wind
loads on Sloped roofs and roof members such as Purlins and roof Cladding.
Design of a purlin by using an angle section, a channel section and I section.
Reference:

1. Shiyekar, M R., Limit State Design in STRUCTURAL STEEL, PHI Learning Pvt Ltd.,
New Delhi, 2011.
2. Subramanian N, Design of Steel structures limit states method, 2 Ed by Oxford
University press, 2016.
3. Duggal SK, Limit State Design of Steel Structures, 2nd ed., McGraw Hill Education,
2017.
4. Bhavikatti SS, Design of Steel Structures By Limit State Method as per IS: 800-2007,
4th ed. I K International Publishing House Pvt. Ltd, 2019.
5. Kanthimathinathan S, Limit State Design of Steel Structures: As per IS: 800 / 2007, 1ST
ed., Dreamtech Press, 2019.

E-reference:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/elastic- Elastic design of steel beams
design

https://www.eolss.net/sample-chapters/c05/E6-139-04 PLASTIC VERSUS ELASTIC DESIGN OF

STEEL STRUCTURES

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317370904_Studyin Behavior of steel Base Plates

g_the_Behaviour_of_Base_Plates_with_High_Degree_of_Rigi
dity

https://www.allaboutsheds.com.au/blog/what-is-a-portal- Portal Frame components

frame/

https://www.steelconstruction.info/Trusses Truss members in steel structures

https://www.apsed.in/post/steel-connection Steel Connections | Bolted and Welded

Joints

https://structville.com/2017/10/how-to-design-roof- Arrangement and design of roof purlins

purlins.html

102
 COURSE OUTCOMES:

Upon successful completion of the course the students will be able to:

S. No. COURSE DESCRIPTION

OUTCOME
1 CO1 Understand IS code provisions to evaluate design concepts of Structural Steel
members
2 CO2 Perform the design calculations for tension and compression members.

3 CO3 Evaluate the design capacity of beams, girders and purlins.

4 CO4 Assess the strength of connections of Steel elements.

5 CO5 Discuss the conceptual understanding of elements in industrial structures

COURSE OUTCOMES PROGRAM OUTCOMES MAPPING:

AR17B
5.3C

PO-10

PO-11

PO-12

PSO 1

PSO 2
PO-1

PO-2

PO-3

PO-4

PO-5

PO-6

PO-7

PO-8

PO-9

CO -1 3 2 2 - 2 2 - - 2 1 - 2 2 1

CO -2 3 2 2 - 2 1 - 1 2 2 - 3 2 2

CO -3 3 2 3 2 - 2 - - 2 2 - 3 1 2

CO -4 2 2 2 - 2 2 - - 2 2 - 2 2 2

CO-5 2 - - 2 2 2 - - 2 2 - 3 2 2

103
AR22B5.5C ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS, LIGHTING AND HVAC
End
Periods Per Week Marks Exam
CREDITS
Type
L/T/S P/F/O Total Internal External Total W/J/S/P
3 3 3 50 50 100 W

Objectives of the Course:

A. The course module can help students to understand the basic concepts of electrical
layout plan, different annotations, reading drawings as per building design and increase
knowledge of the allied building services.
B. To develop skills of understanding and design - Electrical, Lighting and HVAC for
various typologies like residential and commercial, etc.
C. To identify the factors responsible for Electrical, Lighting, comfort conditions and
HVAC load calculations.
D. Imparting the skills to design service systems that meet the needs of different types of
buildings and occupants.
E. Formulating the sustainable techniques towards building services using alternative
resources and less resources.
F. Building ability to investigate and research on innovative trends and techniques towards
energy efficient.
G. Demonstrating the importance of services in built environment.

UNIT I: Electrical Systems

Introduction to the scope and purpose of electricity in the building. Sources of electricity. General
definitions, Fundamental Principles of electricity as per standard norms, Power generation,
transmission, distribution and consumption, National Electricity Grid network, Lightening, and sub-
station operations at the buildings scale. Introduce to the electrical circuit- single and three phase, types
of wiring system, distribution system and supply – HT & LT, AC/DC Current-generators,
Transformers, Methods of wiring- joint box and open and concealed circuit, etc. Wiring materials,
lighting accessories wires and cables- materials types, sizes, switch boards, M.C.B, ELCB, Types of
Earthing, Types of electric motors and pumps, distribution board and meter, Control switches. Electrical
Symbols and layout preparation. Electric Vehicle Charging systems at residential and commercial level.
Share the knowledge of power systems, and power load factor; introduce to the energy conservation
concepts.
UNIT II: Building Safety and Electrical Services
As per NBC 2016, introduce to the relevant chapters of Electrical Services, definition, scope and
purpose of Building Safety and Electrical Services. Electricity regulations and basics of electricity
safety norms towards Indoor and outdoor. Building Safety and security systems wiring and types –
Surveillance System, Access control systems, Public Addressing and Fire Alarm System, Electric
fencing, etc. safety strategy, devices and technology, fire, and smoke safeguards. Market survey to be
done by the students and analyse with the regulations.

104
UNIT III: Electrical and Lighting Load Estimation
Indian Electricity Rules- relevant codes of practice, Basics of energy auditing. Building Energy
requirement – Power and light, for independent residence, and Multi Storied. Basic Energy consumption
load calculations. Elementary idea of special features required and minimum level of illumination
required for physically challenged and elderly in building types. Lighting Calculation: NBC standards,
nominal illumination levels in building interiors, lux, lumen, intensity. Light requirement at Residences
and Commercial by considering day light factor with load calculations.

UNIT IV: Lighting Systems

Building lighting systems - Artificial light sources –: artificial illumination, various types of lamps,
fixtures and light controls, advantages and disadvantages, method of lighting - direct, semi direct,
indirect, concealed lighting, spot lighting, task lighting, decorative lighting, rope lights, neon lights,
flood lighting, yard lighting, under water lighting, etc. Spectral energy distribution – Luminous
efficiency – Colour temperature – Colour rendering. Design of modern lighting – Lighting for stores,
offices, schools, hospitals, and house lighting. Preparation of a lighting - electrical scheme and layout.
UNIT V: HVAC Systems
Introduction to HVAC, terminologies, scope and purpose of HVAC and notations as per standards.
Principles of air-conditioning - IAQ, comfort conditions, gas laws, refrigeration cycle, a/c equipment,
compressor heat exchangers, condenser, evaporators.
Types of Air Conditioning- single zone, multi zone, window air conditioners, split air conditioners,
ductable air conditioners, package system and central air conditioning, all air systems and chilled water
systems. a/c plant room, AHU’s Building ducting, types of insulation, diffusers and grills, FC units and
controls. Spatial and design requirement of HVAC plants and duct layout. General knowledge on
Energy efficient systems in air conditioning. . HVAC requirements and Load Calculations for domestic
and commercial. To give the learning in this subject a more practical orientation seminars by industry
or trade related organisations or field/site visits should be organized.
GUIDELINES FOR LEARNING:
This course involves library-based study and report writing. They are expected to write critical
essays, book reviews and research report based on their readings
Interact technically with Electrical Vendors and MEP experts
Maintain an Inventory and check list of fixtures required to design an electrical Supply, lighting,
and HVAC.
Identify the Present materials and fixtures available at market
Appraise the best practices involved to achieve the knowledge of the subject.
For better understanding of each topic students should undergo any ongoing case study and make
an appraisal report.
ASSIGNMENTS TO BE FORMULATED:

- Design of an electrical layout

- Creating lighting plans for different types of spaces such as residential, commercial,
and hospitality.

105
 - One of the assignments can include designing systems that are integrated with other
aspects of a building such as space planning and sustainability measures.
- Lighting: Market surveys and Case Study related to Domestic, commercial and
hospitality.
- Prepare a lighting layout for domestic and commercial typology.
- Designing HVAC Systems for different types of space and climatic conditions.
- Case Study and Report Writing on any Commercial Spaces for HVAC.
INTEGRATION:
This module should focus on the integration of electrical, lighting and HVAC systems with other design
considerations such as spatial design, Aesthetics, structural, plumbing, MEP, fire protection and energy
efficient systems. Students should learn how to coordinate with other design disciplines and ensure the
efficient use of resources in the building systems.

Reference:

1. Arora & Duinkand,; “Text book of Refrigeration & Air conditioning”

2. Bovay, H. E. (1981). Handbook of Mechanical & Electrical systems for Buildings.
McGraw-Hill Higher Education.
3. Architectural Graphic Standard (HVAC System)
4. National Building code.
5. William.K.Y.Tao; “Mechanical and electrical Systems in Buildings”
6. V.P.Lang,” Principles of air conditioning”
7. Ambrose, E.R. (1968). Heat pumps and Electric Heating, John and Wiley and Sons Inc,
New York.
8. Handbook for Building Engineers in Metric systems (1968), NBC, New Delhi.
9. William H. Severns and Julian R. Fellows. Air conditioning and refrigeration. John
Wiley and sons, London
10. Khurmi, Gupta & Arora. Refrigeration and Air Conditioning, S Chand & Co.
11. Modern Air-Conditioning, Heating and Ventilation: Carrer and G. Pitman.
12. Air Conditioning and Ventilation, Servems and Fellows, John Wiley
13. An Introduction to Building Physics: Narsmhan

106
 E-resources:
https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B1gQVe9QVIehR19ZaHJ Lighting Design Basics - Mark Karlen, Jamesr.
sOGNLbUk/edit?resourcekey=0-rU6C- Benya
FFfcWUuojwq9BypjA
https://www.academia.edu/31815995/Design_of_Electrica Design Of Electrical Services For Buildings
l_Services_for_Buildings
https://hosting.iar.unicamp.br/lab/luz/ld/Arquitetural/Hand Lighting Design Basics - Based On The Book By
books/Lighting%20Design%20Basics.pdf Mark Karlen And James Benya, Wiley And Sons,
2004 Presented By NKBA And Benya Lighting
James Robert Benya, PE, FIES, IALD, LC
BENYA LIGHTING DESIGN Portland
https://www.cedengineering.com/userfiles/Intro%20to%2 An Introduction To Air Conditioning System
0Air%20Cond%20Systems.pdf Design J. Paul Guyer, P.E., R.A.
https://archive.org/details/ashraehandbook2016hvacsyste Chapter 1 - Hvac System Analysis And Selection
msandequipmentsi/page/n3/mode/2up?view=theater
https://www.ashrae.org/File%20Library/Technical%20Re Principles Of Heating Ventilating And Air
sources/Bookstore/previews_1986629_pre.pdf Conditioning 8th Edition
Based On The 2017 ASHRAE Handbook—
Fundamentals Ronald H. Howell
https://www.academia.edu/31815995/Design_of_Electrica Design Of Electrical Services Forbuildings, 4th
l_Services_for_Buildings Edition
https://www.scribd.com/document/182801135/Design-of- Design Of Electrical Services For Buildings
Electrical-Services-for-Buildings-4th-Edition-1
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341097573_Des Design Of An Electrical Installation Of A Storey
ign_of_an_Electrical_Installation_of_a_Storey_Building Building
https://www.pearsonhighered.com/assets/preface/0/1/3/4/ Mechanical And Electrical Systems In Buildings
0134701186.pdf Sixth Edition
https://www.academia.edu/5268049/_Architecture_Ebook Building Services Handbook - Fred Hall & Roger
_Building_Services_Handbook Greeno Fourth Edition
https://www.cedengineering.com/userfiles/Intro%20to%2 An Introduction To Air Conditioning System
0Air%20Cond%20Systems.pdf Design J. Paul Guyer, P.E., R.A.
https://ceae.colorado.edu/~brandem/aren3050/docs/HVA HVAC Systems: Overview Michael J.
CDesignOverview.pdf Brandemuehl, Ph.D, P.E. University Of
Colorado Boulder, CO, USA

COURSE OUTCOMES:
Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:
1. Understand the principles of electrical systems, heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC),
and lighting design in building design and construction.
2. Analyse the functional, aesthetic, and environmental requirements for electrical, HVAC, and lighting
systems in buildings of different types and scales.
3. Evaluate various electrical, HVAC, and lighting technologies, products, and materials available in
the market, considering their performance, efficiency, and sustainability.
4. Apply knowledge and skills to design electrical, HVAC, and lighting plans and layouts that meet
building code requirements, client needs, and standards for energy efficiency, indoor air quality, and
comfort.

107
5. Collaborate with other professionals such as mechanical and electrical engineers, lighting designers,
and contractors to integrate electrical, HVAC, and lighting systems with the architecture of the
building.
6. Communicate effectively with clients, stakeholders, and contractors on the benefits, costs, and
limitations of different electrical, HVAC, and lighting options, using appropriate forms of
representation.
7. Apply critical thinking and problem-solving skills to diagnose and troubleshoot common issues
related to electrical, HVAC, and lighting systems in buildings.
8. Reflect on the ethical, social, and environmental impact of electrical, HVAC, and lighting design
decisions, and propose solutions that contribute to the well-being of users and the planet.
These course outcomes ensure that students will acquire knowledge and skills to design integrated and
sustainable electrical, HVAC, and lighting solutions for buildings that meet the needs and expectations
of users, clients, and society.
PROGRAME ARTICULATION MATRIX
CORRELATION WITH PROGRAM OUTCOMES

Communication
Development of

Development in
design solution

Challenges of
Development

management
Appropriate
Competence

Sustainable
Innovative

CO
Research

Life long
Problem

learning
solution
analysis

Project
Linked PO’s
Latest

Ethics

Built
Core

PO- PO- PO- PO- PO- PO- PO- PO- PO- PO- PO- PO-
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
CO1 3 - - - 1 - - - 1 3 - 1 1,5,9,10,12
CO 2 1 3 2 - 3 1 - 1 3 2 3 2 1,2,3,5,6,8,9,11,12
CO 3 - 3 - - - 2 3 - - 1 - 3 2,6,7,10,12
CO 4 3 2 1 2 - 3 2 3 1 - 2 1,2,3,4,6,7,9,10,12
CO 5 2 - - - 2 - - 3 2 - 3 - 1,5,8,10,11,12
CO 6 1 - - - 3 - - 2 - 3 3 2 1,5,8,10,11,12
CO 7 2 3 3 2 2 3 1 - 3 - - 1 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,12
CO 8 - 2 3 2 1 - 3 3 3 1 - 1 2,3,4,5,7,8,9,10,12
2- Low Correlation 2-Medium Correlation 3-High Correlation

108
AR22B5.6C WORKING DRAWING AND DETAILS

End
Periods Per Week Marks
Exam
CREDITS
L/T/S P/F/O Total Internal External Total W/J/S/P

4 4 4 50 50 100 J

Objectives of the Course:

E. To impart training for preparation of Technical Drawings and working Drawings conforming
Indian Code of Practice and BIS.

F. To train students to generate Professional Architectural Drawings to work on site and

communicates between different professionals.

G. To train the students to prepare a complete set of working drawings and specifications required
at site to construct a building.

H. To sensitize the students in preparing finer details required for different components of a
building

COURSE CONTENTS
UNIT-1
Introduction to Types of Drawings in Architecture and significance of working drawings in profession
with reference to IS code and BIS.
Understanding the physical, structural, material, technological trends in building design relating to Load
bearing and framed structures.
Preparation of detailed typical floor plan with column positions.
UNIT -2
Suitable scales in drawings- dimensioning of plans, elevations, details and sections with proper
presentation
Title panel – use of graphic standard – line weights- line types- text- abbreviations- hatch etc.
UNIT-3
Preparation of building marking plan showing site dimensions, setbacks as per local urban development
authority, road width, north direction, diagonal measurements, contour levels etc.
Preparation of centre line of wall/column marking plan showing excavation pits.
Layer wise preparation of drawings of foundation, plinth, floor plans, brick work drawings, sections
and elevations.

109
UNIT-4
Developing drawings of services like electrical layout, plumbing and sanitary layout, introduction to
MEP features like HVAC, lifts and elevators, fire fighting systems etc.
UNIT-5
Façade detailing, detailed drawings of Toilets, Kitchens, Doors and Windows (Openings), railings,
staircases etc., with required specifications and representation.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
Keith styles and Andrew Bichard, Working Drawings Handbook, Fourth Edition, Taylor & Francis Ltd.
Walter K Palmer, Mechanical Drawing - Projection Drawing, Isometric and Oblique Drawing, Working
Drawings, White Press (29 July 2016), ISBN-10 : 1473331846, ISBN-13 : 978-1473331846.
Within 20 Hours Teach you to Understand Building Construction Drawings (English, Paperback, Li
Liang)
Specifications In detail, macay w frank. Fifth edition, technical press limited, London, 1955.
Professional practice of architectural detailing, second edition, New York wiley, 1987, wakita osamu
A and Lindey Richard M.
Building construction illustrated by Francis D.K. Ching | Architectural Detailing
Building Planning and Drawing (English, Paperback, Bhavikatti S. S.

E-resources:

DESIGINING
https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Working_drawing
BUILDINGS

WORKING DRAWINGS
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pyaw8ivOz6Q
FOR BEGINNERS

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shop_drawing SHOP DRAWINGS

https://www.flooringtech.com.au/unit15_work_documents/sec
WORK DOCUMENTS
tion1_working_drawings/lesson1_buildig_plans.htm

https://www.uceb.eu/DATA/CivBook/13.%20The%20Professi The Professional Practice

onal%20Practice%20of%20Architectural%20Working%20D of Architectural Working
rawings.pdf Drawings

Rosemary
Kilmer (Author), W. Otie
https://www.amazon.com/Construction-Drawings-Details- Kilmer (Author
Interiors-Rosemary/dp/1119714346 Construction Drawings
and Details for
Interiors 4th Edition

Staircase Complete Details

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k9RTbu-k5Y4
for Commercial Plans

110
 A GUIDE TO
https://monograph.com/reference/guide-to-construction-
CONSTRUCTION
documents
DOCUMENTS

https://www.re-thinkingthefuture.com/2020/12/02/a2278-10-
10 Books for Architectural
books-for-architectural-detailing-and-construction-that-
Detailing and Construction
architects-must-know/

COURSE OUTCOMES:
Upon successful completion of the course the students will be able to:

S. No. COURSE DESCRIPTION

OUTCOME
1 CO1 understand the building components and able to relate the construction of building
on ground with prepared working drawings.

2 CO2 learn to prepare drawings as per scales, line weights, light types, text, etc fulfilling
the standard working drawing requirement.

3 CO3 learnt to prepare all types of working drawings that will help to execute the
buildings and also communicate with all concerned construction workers.

4 CO4 Understand the concept of MEP and develop Electrical, Plumbing and Sanitary
Layout.

5 CO5 Detail out the given space with required arrangement of furniture, storage, fixtures
etc. with proper material and technical specifications for better space planning.

111
 Program Articulation Matrix

CORRELATION WITH
CORRELATION WITH PROGRAM OUTCOMES
PSOs

Course Code

POS 1

POS 2

POS 3

POS 4
PO10

PO12
PO11
PO1

PO2

PO3

PO4

PO6

PO7

PO8

PO9
P05
AR22B5.6C.1 3 1 2 3 2 2 3 2 3

AR22B5.6C.2 3 2 3 3 2 3

AR22B5.6C.3 3 2 3 3 3 1 3

AR22B5.6C.4 3 3 3 2 3 2 1 3

AR22B5.6C.5 3 2 2 3 2 3 3 1 3

112
AR22B5.xE PROFESSIONAL ELECTIVE-I

AR22B5.1E WORKSHOP: VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE

Periods Per Week CREDITS Marks End

Exam
L/T/S P/F/O Total Internal External Total W/J/S/P
2 2 4 4 50 - 50 --

Objectives of the Course:

A. To introduce traditions of building structures for habitation.

B. To reinforce the knowledge of Traditional Architecture as an expression of local
identity and indigenous traditions of the culture.
C. To inculcate sensitivity towards Architectural building practices, that are ecologically
sensible, culturally relevant and cost effective.

COURSE CONTENTS

UNIT I: Introduction to Vernacular Architecture:

Definitions, Theories, Categories, Contextual Responsiveness: Climatic, Geographical,
Anthropological and Cultural influences, Concepts and approaches to the study of Vernacular
Architecture.
Materials and Construction techniques: Typical Building Materials, Built form and elements,
Construction Techniques and Environmental Performance

UNIT II: Vernacular Style of Dravidian/ South Region:

Planning aspects, Construction materials, techniques and details, Settlement Patterns, Dwelling
Typology, Symbolism Typical features of
• Kerala – Nair houses (Tarawads), Kerala Muslim houses (Mappilah houses), Temples, Palaces and
theaters – Thattchushastra.
• Tamil Nadu – Toda Huts, Chettinad Houses (Chettiars) and Palaces
• Karnataka – Gutthu houses (land owning community), Kodava ancestral home (Aynmane)
• Andhra Pradesh – Chuttillu, Kaccha buildings, Manduva Logili
• Telangana – Bhavanti houses, Gadde houses, Kavelu Penkula illu, Gond houses, Khoyya houses and
wooden houses of Dharmapuri

UNIT III: Vernacular Style of Western Region:

Planning aspects, Construction materials, techniques and details, Settlement Patterns, Dwelling
Typology, Symbolism Typical features of
• Rajasthan - Jat houses for farming caste, Bhungas(Circular Huts) and Havelis (Pukka houses)
• Ahmedabad - Pol houses, Primitive forms, Symbolism, Colour, Folk art etc
• Gujarat - Desert settlements and houses of Kutch.
• Vernacular architecture of Goa.

113
UNIT IV: Vernacular Style of Northern and Eastern India
Planning aspects, Construction materials, techniques and details, Settlement Patterns, Dwelling
Typology, Symbolism Typical features of
Kashmir – Typical Kutcha houses, mosque, Dhoongas (Boathouses), Ladakhi houses, bridges
• Himachal Pradesh – Kinnaur houses
• Uttar Pradesh – Domestic housing of Uttar Pradesh
• Bengal – Bangla (Rural house form), Aat Chala houses – change from Bangla to Bungalow, Kutcha
&
Pucca
• Architecture of Bengal. Nagaland – Naga houses & Naga village, Khasi houses

UNIT V: Vernacular Architecture’s Influence and Adaptation in Contemporary Architecture:

A critical review of the relevance and application of vernacular ideas in contemporary times. An
appraisal of the architects who have creatively innovated and negotiated the boundaries of tradition
while dynamically responding to the changing aspirations and lifestyles. Examples: Works of Laurie
Baker, Hasan Fathy, Anil Laul, etc.

Note: This subject is expected to be conducted in a workshop mode. While the syllabus acts as a guiding
framework, it must be interpreted to maximise hands on training, practical exposure and learning from
live examples.

ASSIGNMENTS TO BE FORMULATED:
Assignments to include Study and documentation of vernacular architecture of selected house forms
Study of an existing settlement in the vicinity for onsite comprehension of mentioned
characteristics.

Reference:

1. Paul Oliver, Encyclopedia of Vernacular Architecture of the World, Cambridge

University Press, 1997.
2. Amos Rapoport. House, Form & Culture, Prentice Hall Inc. 1969.
3. R W Brunskill: Illustrated Handbook on Vernacular Architecture. 1987.
4. Ilay Cooper and Barry Dawson. Traditional Buildings of India, Thames and Hudson
Ltd., London. 1998.
5. Frampton, Kenneth. Towards a Critical Regionalism: Six points for an Architecture of
resistance, In the Anti-Aesthetic: Essays on Postmodern Culture. Edited by Hal Foster.
Seattle, WA: Bay press. 1983.
6. V.S. Pramar. Haveli – Wooden Houses and Mansions of Gujrat, Mapin Publishing Pvt.
Ltd., Ahmedabad. 1989.
7. Kulbushanshan Jain and Minakshi Jain. Mud Architecture of the Indian Desert, Aadi
Centre, Ahmedabad. 1992.
8. G.H.R. Tillotsum – The tradition of Indian Architecture Continuity, Controversy –
change since 1850, Oxford University Press, Delhi. 1989.
9. Carmen Kagal, VISTARA -The Architecture of India, Pub: The Festival od India, 1986.
10. S. Muthiah and others: The Chettiar Heritage, 2000
11. House forms of Andhra Pradesh, Census of India, 1960

114
E-RESOURCES

1. https://www.novatr.com/blog/vernacular-architecture
2. https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/essay/vernacular-architecture-of-assam
3. https://www.bricknbolt.com/blogs-and-articles/construction-guide/vernacular-
architecture-history-
sustainability?gad_source=1&gclid=CjwKCAjwxNW2BhAkEiwA24Cm9FEU4fro05
vDsWrAhO_ikQrduATWMDLI3e9Y6q5Fx7m3DJ5rRPtEcRoC0UUQAvD_BwE
4. https://issuu.com/harshmshah94/docs/dissertation/s/11635516
5. https://iupress.org/9780253023629/vernacular-architecture/

115
AR22B5.2E WORKSHOP: CRAFT IN ARCHITECTURE

End
Periods Per Week Marks
CREDITS Exam
L/T/S P/F/O Total Internal External Total W/J/S/P

2 2 4 4 50 - 50 --

Objectives of the course:

F. To understand the relationship between Architecture and Crafts

G. To create awareness and exposure for skill based knowledge systems
H. To develop skills for documenting craft traditions
I. To develop new paradigms of practice in the application of Crafts in Architecture

Course Contents:

Unit I: ARCHITECTURE AND CRAFTS THROUGH HISTORY

CRAFT- Definition and understanding, differentiation from art and importance of skill and
knowledge transfer in craft systems.

Application of various crafts in different building traditions. Ex- sculpture in Greek, stained glass
and stone tracery in Gothic, calligraphy in Islamic architecture; In Indian tradition, introduction to
- wood, bamboo, brick, stone and plaster based crafts.

Unit -II: CRAFTS INTEGRATED INTO THE STRUCTURE

Building Crafts: Definitions; Perspectives and Frameworks; Craft and its Role in
Creating/Enhancing Architecture

Documentation of traditional knowledge systems- communities, materials, tools and techniques

(understanding documentation techniques used in other studies of craft based communities)

Case study of a craft-based community to be done using primary or secondary data as per
availability. For example-wood crafts in Kerala and Himalayan regions, Bamboo in the Northeast,
Stonework, Brickwork, handmade tiles, terracotta pottery for roof tiles, Attangudi floor tiles etc.
Examples are only suggestive; study must be taken up as per availability of literature and resources.

Unit III: DECORATIVE CRAFTS

Decorative crafts- traditional medium and interpretation in internal and external surfaces of the built
structure

Documentation of traditional knowledge systems- communities, materials, tools and techniques.

Case study examples- plaster arts of the Deccan and Rajasthan, Murals, Jaalis, Stone inlay, wood
and stone carvings etc, reinterpretation of textile patterns in interior walls. Examples are only
suggestive; study must be taken up as per availability of literature and resources.

116
Unit IV: CRAFTS FOR PRODUCTS AND ACCESSORIES

Products and accessories used within the building- discussion and understanding

Crafts used for making furniture, fabrics in furnishings, accessories like lamps, Statement pieces
etc.

Case study examples- Dokra, Cane and rattan furniture, Bidri, silver filigree, Nirmal, Cherial masks
and paintings, Pembarthi brass, Etikoppaka toys, Kondapally toys, and leather puppetry.

Unit - V: INTERNATIONAL AND CURRENT TRENDS

Understanding trends in international scenario of how different cultures have adapted traditional
crafts in modern design like Japan, Scandinavian countries, Bangladesh, Srilanka and Nepal. All
the aforesaid countries have used existing expertise in material like wood, stone and terracotta based
materials and reinterpreted them for contemporary aesthetic.

Modern Industrialised crafts like CNC cutting, Metal fabrication, Glass work, furniture workshops
etc.

Note: This subject is expected to be conducted in a workshop mode. While the syllabus acts as a guiding
framework, it must be interpreted to maximise hands on training, practical exposure and learning from
live examples.

Case study by students of a crafts community in one chapter Unit II, III or IV is desirable while the
other 2 units, the study could be a review of information already available in online and offline resources
about the craft itself.

Reference:
1. Crafts Atlas of India, Jaya Jaitley
2. Handmade In India Crafts of India by Ranjan Aditi, Mapin publishing.
3. Published works by DICRC, CEPT.

E-References:

The Hindu: Building with Indian Craftsmen, Nidhi Gupta, May 10, 2024
https://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/building-with-indian-craftsmen-architecture-museum-of-
meenakari-heritage-krushi-bhawan-iit-bhilai/article68152753.ece

NPTEL: Role of Craft and technology in Interior-Architecture, Prof Smriti Saraswat, IIT Roorkee

https://archive.nptel.ac.in/courses/124/107/124107006/#

suggested site visit: Rural technology park, NIRD, Hyderabad

117
AR22B5.3E Workshop: Appropriate Building Technologies

Periods Per Week Marks End Exam

CREDITS Type

L/T/S P/F/O Total Internal External Total W/J/S/P

2 2 4 4 50 -- 50 -

Objectives of the Course:

A. To explore broad range of “good” solutions in construction

B. To learn the connect between design and construction process
C. To identify the opportunities for invention in construction

Unit -I : TRADITIONAL BUILDING TECHNIQUES

Stone Carving and Masonry, Timber Frameworks, Terracotta construction styles, Rammed Earth and
Cob Construction, Traditional Cooling Techniques.
Unit -II : BRICK CONSTRUCTION STYLE
Laurie baker and Anil Laul techniques : types of bonds , filler slabs, arches and domes, roofing and
flooring, frameless doors and windows, brick jali walls or perforated brick architecture, curved walls,
latticed brick walls, letting trees live and building with mud
Unit -III: NATURAL BUILDING
Bamboo Structures: Bamboo reinforced concrete, Structures like ferro cement channels, plank and joist,
Bamboo bridge frabications , Kangra style dry stone construction,
Unit -IV: EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES
Formwork for Monolithic Concrete Construction, Modular Tunnel form, Sismo Building Technology,
Precast Sandwich Panel Systems: Rapid Panels, Reinforced EPS Core Panel System, QuickBuild 3D
Panels, Concrewall Panel System, Glass Fibre Reinforced Gypsum (GFRG) Panel System
Unit -V: STEEL STRUCTURAL TECHNOLOGIES
Light Gauge Steel Framed Structure (LGSFS), Light Gauge Steel Framed Structure with Infill Concrete
Panels (LGSFS-ICP), Factory Made Fast Track Building System, Speed Floor System, Waffle-Crete
Building System, Precast Large Concrete Panel System, Industrialized 3-S system using cellular light
weight concrete slabs & precast columns

Note: This subject is expected to be conducted in a workshop mode. While the syllabus acts as a guiding
framework, it must be interpreted to maximise hands on training, practical exposure and learning from
live examples.

Reference:
1. Building: 3,000 Years of Design, Engineering and Construction" by Bill Addis
2. The Science and Technology of Building Materials" by Henry J Cowan and Peter
Smith

118
 3. Automation Systems in Smart and Green Buildings (Modern Building
Technology)" by V K Jain
4. Prototype Commercial Buildings for Energy and Sustainability Assessment: Design
Specification, Life-cycle Costing and Carbon Assessment" by Joshua D Kneifel
5. Building Construction" by Rangwala
6. Building Construction" by B C Punmia and Ashok Kumar Jain
7. Alternative building materials: timeless mud.” In: Architecture & design, vol. 3, no.
3 (1987 Mar./Apr.), p. 32-35
8. Architecture and the people.” In: A + U: architecture and urbanism, n.12 (363)
(2000 Dec.), p.69-73
9. Laurie Baker's cost-reduction manual.” In: A + U: architecture and urbanism, n.12
(363) (2000 Dec.), p.116-129
10. Laurie Baker, 'The Question of Taking Appropriate Building Technology to
Pithoragarh', Science and Rural Development in Mountains, J.S. Singh, S.P. Singh
and C. Shastri(eds.), Gyanodaya Prakashan, Naini Tal, 1980.
11. GREEN IS RED (2013) ny Anil Laul
12. Architecture.live/prof-anil-laul-a-pioneer-of-indigenous-architecture-in-india-
pappal-suneja/

E-RESOURCES

 https://www.whereisthenorth.com/article/%2011-laurie-baker-strategies-and-his-low-
cost-brick-construction-style
 https://www.whereisthenorth.com/article/%209-sustainable-roofing-methods-for-
your-building-design
 https://www.whereisthenorth.com/article/%204-uses-of-jali-and-what-materials-to-
use
 https://www.whereisthenorth.com/article/%209-types-of-brick-bonds-in-architecture
 https://pmay-urban.gov.in/uploads/presentations/1BMTPC-Demo-Housing.pdf
 http://nirdpr.org.in/rtp.aspx
 https://zynorique.com/
 https://archgyan.com/earth-building-workshops-in-india-archgyan/
COURSE OUT COMES:
At the end of this course, the student will be able to:
1. Understand the applications and properties of various building materials
2. Understand the potential applications of architectural techniques with materials
3. Obtain the knowledge about materials and smart materials

119
 AR22B5.4E WORKSHOP: ADVANCED 3D MODELLING

End
Periods Per Week Marks
Exam
CREDITS
L/T/S P/F/O Total Internal External Total W/J/S/P

2 2 4 4 50 - 50 --

Objectives of the course:

A. To further architectural design skills through advanced computer applications.
B. Explore the impact of existing and emerging digital media and software, for advanced digital
visualization, simulation and communication
C. Help students generate 3D models from their 2D auto cad drawings
D. Understand how the models generated can be made ready for import to BIM.

Course Contents:

Unit I: BASICS OF 3D MODELLING

Types of 3D modelling: polygonal modelling, NURBS modeling, subdivision surface modelling; like
and building information modeling etc to design and test Architectural built environments virtually.
End uses of 3DModelling:
Suggested tools: Sketchup, Revit, 3dsMax.

UNIT II: CREATING AN ARCHITETURAL MODEL

3d modeling in Architecture through different softwares: interface,workspace setup, templates, basic
modelling commands and component based 3D modelling.

Unit III: SCENE SETUP

Scene setup involves arranging virtual objects, lights, cameras and other entities on a scene which will
later be used to produce a still image or an animation. Image processing and video editing to create
Architectural walkthroughs.
Digital solar studies
Suggested tools: 3d softwares

Unit IV: DIGITAL PORTFOLIO PREPARATION

Understanding paper sizes and equivalent digital resolution, composition with design principles, types
of image files, exporting different file types for different end uses, making a ready template for various
uses
Suggested tools: PhotoShop, InDesign.

Unit V: HIGHER INTEGRATION

Preparation of the 3D model for integration with BIM, 3D printing, laser cutting, AR/VR, walkthroughs/
360 degree virtual tour.

120
E-References:

https://learn.sketchup.com/courses/sketchup-fundamentals-part-
https://www.adobe.com/support/training/products/illustrator.htmhttps://graphisoft.com/resourc
es-and-support/learning /
https://learn.graphisoft.com/https://helpx.adobe.com/in/indesign/tutorials.html
https://help.autodesk.com/view/RVT/2021/ENU/?guid=GUID-9E9688A2-0645-4F8E-9D96-
F1B76291A6C6
https://www.udemy.com/course/game-art-with-inkscape/?matchtype=p
https://www.photopea.com/tuts/
https://www.rhino3d.com/learn/?query=kind:%20jump_start&modal=null
https://howtorhino.com/masterclass-application/

Course outcomes
CO1 Create digital presentations of architectural portfolio
CO2 Use virtual techniques to collect site data and evaluate the site
CO3 Create virtual study models during design development stage
CO4 Understand application of 3D models in higher level integrations

CO-PO mapping
CO\PO PO PO 2 PO 3 PO 4 PO 5 PO 6 PO 7 PO 8 PO 9 PO PO PO
1 10 11 12
CO1 - - - - - 3 - - - 3 - 2
CO2 1 3 1 - 2 1 1 - - - - -
CO3 2 3 1 1 1 - 1 1 - 1 1 1
CO4 1 - - - - 2 - - - - 2 1

121
AR22B5.5E WORKSHOP: STONE CONSTRUCTION

End
Periods Per Week Marks
CREDITS Exam
L/T/S P/F/O Total Internal External Total W/J/S/P
2 2 4 4 50 - 50 --

Objectives of the Course:

A. To introduce Stone Construction and its importance in Development of Architecture

through History.
B. To expose the students to different types of Stone Masonry and Construction
Techniques that were prevalent in Monumental Stone buildings across the World.
C. To allow the students to experience and Document Stone Buildings that enable them to
understand the building design, aesthetics and functionality.
D. To inculcate the practice of stone construction in designing buildings that require
identity and recognition.

COURSE CONTENTS

UNIT-1
HISTORY OF STONE MASONRY
Application of Stone in Architecture, Iconic Buildings of Stone in History, Evolution of Construction
Techniques, and Tools used for construction, Binding materials used in Stone Masonry, Ornamentation
with Stone, Stone Masonry Techniques.
UNIT-2
INTRODUCTION TO STONE MASONRY
Stone as a Building Material, Types of Stones, Definition of Terms used in Stone Masonry, Physical
Properties of Stone- Durability, Adaptability , Climatic responsiveness, Seismic Resistance and
Sculptural Treatment of Stone masonry; Advantages and Disadvantages of Stone masonry, Dressing
of Stones, Types of Stone Masonry.

UNIT -3
BUILDING COMPONENTS IN STONE
Foundations, Plinth, Columns, Beams, Walls, Roofs, Flooring, Staircases, Piers, Arches, Vaults,
Domes, Canopy, Sill, Jambs, Cornices, Copings, Buttresses, Thresholds, Railings, Corbels, Ornamental
Stone work, Stone Cladding, Lintels, Chajja, compound walls;

122
UNIT-4
JOINERY IN STONE MASONRY
Bonds in Stone Construction, Methods of Stone Laying, Defects in Stone Masonry, Composite
Masonry, Appliances for Lifting Stones, Supervision of Stone Masonry Construction. Pre-cut Stone
Construction.

UNIT-5
STONE STRUCTURES
Study of Traditional Stone Structures - Documentation and Analysis of construction techniques and
materials used for Buildings like Traditional Residences, Forts, Palaces, Temples, Stepped Wells, OAT
etc. Relevance of Stone Construction in Contemporary Architecture.

Reference:

1. RANGWALA, “Building Construction”, charotar publishing house, 2016.

2. IAN CRAMB, “the art of stone mason”, ISBN: 9780811769877, 0811769879,
Stackpole books, 2021.
3. P.R. HILL, J.C. DAVID,” Practical Stone Masonry” , ISBN 9781873394144
Routledge, 1995.

4. JOHN VIVIAN, “ Building stone walls “ , ISBN:9781612123721, 1612123724, Storey

Publishing, LLC, 2014,
5. Daniels, Chris, The Stone Restoration Handbook: A Practical Guide to the
Conservation Repair of Stone and Masonry, ISBN: 9781847979070, The Crowood
Press Ltd, 2015

Course outcome:
At the end of the course, the student shall be able to:
1. Understand the importance of Stone as a building material in history that sustained identity
through ages.

2. Understand different terminology used for stone masonry and in depth properties of stone for
construction of different elements in buildings.

3. Analyze different elements used in stone buildings and their harmony with the other materials
of the building.

4. Recognize and understand the techniques and methods used in stone construction, that made
some of the buildings memorable with their style and architecture.

5. Document monumental buildings constructed in stone that helps students to understand scale
and to implements techniques in Historical Documentation

123
 Bachelor of Architecture
Sixth Semester Syllabus
(As Approved as by Board of Studies, Architecture on 07-10-2024)

Jawaharlal Nehru Architecture and Fine Arts University

Hyderabad
October, 7, 2024

124
 Course Structure for B.Arch.
(Under the OBE and CBCS, Effective from the Academic Year 2022-2023)
SIXTH SEMESTER

Periods/Hours per End

CoA group
Marks
Course week Exam
S.No. Course Title Credits
Code L/T/
P/F/O Total Int. Ext. Total W/J/S/P
S

1 AR22B6.1C Architectural Design – V PC 9 9 9 100 100 200 J

2 AR22B6.2C History of Architecture – IV PC 3 3 3 50 50 100 W

Building Estimating,
3 AR22B6.3C PC 4 4 4 50 50 100 W
Costing and Specifications
Building Information
4 AR22B6.4C SEC 1 2 3 3 50 -- 50 --
Modelling
Human Settlements and
5 AR22B6.5C PC 4 4 4 50 50 100 W
Urban Planning
Architectural Acoustics and
6 AR22B6.6C BS 3 3 3 50 50 100 W
Illumination

7 AR22B6.xE Professional Elective – II PE 4 4 4 50 - 50 -

28 2 30 30 400 300 700

Note: L/T/S = Lecture/ Tutorial / Studio; P/F/O = Practical / Fieldwork / Others; End Exam W/J/S/P = Written (3 hours) / Jury/ Studio
(5 hours) / Practical

PROFESSIONAL ELECTIVE-II

1 AR22B6.1E Theory of Design and Architecture

2 AR22B6.2E Vaastu Shastra

3 AR22B6.3E Technology in Architecture

125
AR22B6.1C ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN – V

Periods Per Week Marks End Exam

Credits
L/T/S P/F/O Total Internal External Total W/J/S/P
9 9 9 100 100 200 J

Objectives of the Course:

A. Familiarize the students with the knowledge and application of various Structural
systems and their integration into the architectural design solutions harmoniously.
B. Emphasize on pragmatic thinking during design phase with an acuity towards
detailing by express use of materials, systems, mechanisms, technologies,
specifications etc.
C. Provide an effective methodology to systematically seek out fit design solutions
based on a proper evaluation of the problem and objective criteria
D. Examine the building performance critically under the effects of micro climatic
conditions in order to achieve optimum comfort conditions
E. Sensitize the students towards the specific user needs, particularly those physically
and visually challenged and equip them with the knowledge of statutory provisions,
norms, design guidelines and recommendations for Barrier –free spaces.

Unit I: Structural Systems

Understanding Structural systems in different buildings and distribution of loads; Introduction to
different types of structural systems such as framed, load-bearing, cable and tension, shell, truss, and
space frame structures; Selection of appropriate structural system for each project, taking into account
the unique requirements of the building and the site
Unit II: Architectural Details

Introduction to various Architectural details such as ornamentation, fenestration, roofing, stairs,

materials, and lighting; Details contribute to a building's character, history, and cultural significance,
reflecting unique craftsmanship and architectural styles.
Unit III: Problem Solving
Problem-solving in architecture: systematic approach, including problem definition, research,
stakeholder collaboration, design generation and evaluation, refinement, communication,
implementation, and evaluation. Innovative and functional solutions that meet client and user needs
while considering contextual and practical factors. Understanding the nature of complex problems, use
of graphics in complex problems, adjacency diagrams, inter-relationships of different components of
complex problem, prioritizing different aspects within a complex problem
Unit IV: Urban Context
Urban context: location- densely built city centers, medium density areas, sparsely built fringe areas,
Historical aspects, heritage, socio-economic aspects, topography, physical and social infrastructure,
surrounding buildings, culture and built environment; urban morphology, mapping and diagramming
of these aspects; SWOT analysis;

126
Responding to the urban context: designing buildings to respond to site characteristics, surrounding
built environment, and social and sustainability factors; access, transportation and parking
requirements.

Unit V: Project report

Preparation of architecture project report includes the design and development process of a building or
structure, including objectives, constraints, design concept, materials, cost estimation, and
environmental impact assessment. It may include visual aids like drawings and 3D models. The report
must provide a clear overview of key features and design decisions while addressing issues and
highlighting sustainability features and compliance. Report to ensure project success by providing a
comprehensive and transparent record of the process.

Guidelines for learning:

Assignments to be formulated:
At least one major exercise and one minor design/ time problems should be given. The final submission
shall necessarily include a model for at least one of the two main problems.
Type of Design Problems: Large Span Buildings Convention centers, Auditorium, Function halls,

Malls, Industrial buildings

Integration:
Students will keep in mind the spatial requirements, emerging activities, put forward acoustic
feasibility, workout detailed estimates and come-out with Building Information Model for the design
and respond to Barrier-free challenges.
Reference:
1. Tamura, Yukio, Kareem, Ahsan, Advanced Structural Wind Engineering, Springer,
Mario Salvadori, Robert Heller, Deorah Oakley, Salvadori’s Structural in Architecture:
the building of buildings, Person, 2017
2. Paul Michael Davis, Critical Skills for Solving Design Problems: Useful Tips from
Architects in Practice, Images Shenyang, 2022
3. Randy Deutsch, Think like An Architect: How to develop critical, creative and
collaborative problem-solving skills, RIBA Publishing, London, 2020
4. Feng Yang, Lang Chea, High-Rise Urban Form and Microclimate: Climate-Responsive
Design for Asian Mega-Cities, Spriger, 2020
5. James Holmes-Siedle, Barrier-free Design: A Manual for Building Designers and
Managers, illustrated, Routledge, 1996
6. Oliver Heiss , Christine Degenhart and Johann Ebe, Barrier-Free Design:Principles,
Planning, Examples, Edition detail, Birkhäuser 2010

127
E-resources:
Microclimate Analysis as a Design
https://www.mdpi.com/2225-1154/8/6/72 Driver of Architecture
https://climate-consultant.informer.com/6.0/
climate consultant

https://www.ribabooks.com/think-like-an-architect-how-to- Think Like an Architect: How to develop

develop-critical-creative-and-collaborative-problem-solving- critical, creative and collaborative
skills_9781859469316 problem-solving skills
https://arc345ergofactors.files.wordpress.com/2016/03/william-
lidwell-kritina-holden-jill-butler-universal-principles-of-design- universal principles of design pdf
rockport-publishers-2003.pdf

COURSE OUTCOMES:
Upon successful completion of the course the students will be able to:
COURSE
S.No. DESCRIPTION
OUTCOME
Conceive the architectural form and functions in a wholesome manner
1 CO1 while incorporating structural elements and systems that projects a
distinct visual identity.
2 CO2
Create enriching design solutions, that reflect the concerned
deliberations and practical approach, to the architectural problem
understand and examine the nature of architectural problems and
3 CO3 formulate with much needed clarity the priorities before generating
appropriate solutions
4 CO4
Prescribe various appropriate climate-responsive solutions and devise
strategies for combating harsh climatic conditions.
5 CO5
Incorporate the design guidelines specific to Barrier-free spaces with a
greater responsibility to serve the broad spectrum of society.

COURSE OUTCOMES PROGRAM OUTCOMES MAPPING:

CO/PO

PSO-1

PSO-2
PO-10

PO-11

PO-12
PO-1

PO-2

PO-3

PO-4

PO-5

PO-6

PO-7

PO-8

PO-9

CO 1 3 1 1 3 1 2 3 3 1 3 2 3 2 2
CO 2 3 3 3 1 2 1 1 - - 2 - 1 3 3
CO 3 3 2 3 1 2 3 1 1 3 1 3 3 2 2
CO 4 3 3 1 2 2 2 2 1 3 1 3 1 1 1
CO 5 3 3 1 2 2 2 3 3 1 2 1 1 1 1
1 - Low Correlation 2 - Medium Correlation 3 - High Correlation

128
AR22B6.2C HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE - IV

Periods Per Week Marks End Exam

Credits
L/T/S P/F/O Total Internal External Total W/J/S/P
3 3 3 50 50 100 W

Objectives of the Course:

A. To orient the students to various developments in the field of architecture and for a
better understanding of contemporary architecture.
B. To make students aware of trends in architecture of India after Independence and the
influence of Masters.
C. To familiarize with the theory and works Indian Architects in the post independent
period.
D. To make students aware of the development of architecture in rest of the world in the
second half of twentieth century.

Course Contents:

Unit – I - Post independence Architecture in India

Contemporary trends in architecture of India after Independence, Options after Independence – The
Revivalist Style and the International Style; Influence of Le Corbusier’s work in Chandigarh and
Ahmedabad and Louis.I.Khan in Ahmedabad and Dhaka

Unit – II - Pioneers in India

The evolution of Contemporary Indian Architecture - Theory and works of Achyut Kanvinde, J.A.
Stein, Anant Raje, Habib Rehman, Jeet Malhotra, and J.K.Chowdary etc.
Contributions made by Pioneers - Charles Correa’s work and response to Climate – Themes and Ideas
of B.V. Doshi’s Theory of Design, Tradition and Modernity in the work of Raj Rewal and

Unit – III - Contemporary Indian Architects

Design Theories and works of contemporary architects - Uttam Jain, Hasmukh Patel, Chandravarkar
and Thacker, Jaisim, Anil Laul, ShirishBeri, Romi Khosla, Ranjit Sabiki, Shashi Bhooshan and Sanjay
Mohe;
Familiarisation of architecture at Auroville and Laurie Baker’s work in Kerala; appropriate technologies
of Anil Laul

Unit – IV - Post Modernism

Contemporary trends in the world architecture; Theory of Post Modernism in Architecture
Design Theories and works of Charles Moore, Michael Graves, Richard Meyer, James Sterling,
Aldo Rossi, Robert Venturi, Peter Eisenmann, etc.

Unit – V - Contemporary International Architects

Design Theories and works of Hassan Fathy, Geoffery Bawa, Norman Foster, Renzo Piano, Richard
Rogers, Bernard Tschumi, Frank Gehry, Zaha Hadid, Maya Lin, Peter Zumthor, Tadao Ando, Cesar
Pelli, I.M. Pei, Yamasaki, Santiago Calatrava, etc.

129
Reference:
1. Bahga, S.S: Post Independent Architecture.
2. Bhatt, Vikram and Scriver, Peter. Contemporary Indian Architecture After the Masters.
Mapin Pub. Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad, 1990.
3. Curtis, J.R. William. Modern Architecture since 1900. Prentice-Hall, Inc., New Jersey,
2002.
4. Jencks, Charles. The Language of Post-Modern Architecture, 4th ed. Academy
Editions, London, 1984.
5. Frampton, K Tad Ando- buildings, Projects Writings, New York Rizzoli, 1984.

COURSE OUTCOMES:
Upon successful completion of the course the students will be able to:

COURSE
S.No. DESCRIPTION
OUTCOME
1 Explain the development of contemporary architecture in India after
CO1
Independence.
Discuss contemporary trends in rest of the world architecture after the modern
2 CO2 period.
3 Understand the design theories and works of contemporary architects in India and
CO3
abroad.
4 CO4 Classify the strategies adopted by different architects worked in India and World.

CO-PO Mapping

PO-10

PO-11

PO-12
PO-1

PO-2

PO-3

PO-4

PO-5

PO-6

PO-7

PO-8

PO-9
CO

AR-6.6 -01 1 2 - 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 - 3

AR-6.6-02 1 2 - 1 2 2 1 3 2 2 - 3

AR-6.6-03 3 2 - 2 3 3 2 2 1 2 1 3

AR-6.6-04 2 2 - 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 - 2

130
AR22B6.3C BUILDING ESTIMATING, COSTING AND SPECIFICATIONS

Periods per week Marks End Exam Type

CREDITS
L/T/S P/F/O Total Internal External Total W/J/S/P
4 - 4 4 50 50 100 W

Objectives of the Course:

1. To understand the methods to calculate the quantity of materials used in construction.
2. Man power assessment for various construction works.
3. Study of current material rates and SSRs from various competent authorities.
4. Arriving at the cost of work by combining factors of materials and man power.
5. Evaluate the quantity of work along with total cost of an individual construction project.

UNIT I: Extracting the Quantities form Working Drawings

Study of a project: Study the project plan with the corresponding sections and elevations, with respect
to the given dimensions. Identify the elements of structure from the plan and elevations or sections.
Make the list of items of works involved in the project. List the units for work quantity of each of the
item. Evaluate each of the items in terms of its units’ viz., length, area or volume of work. Obtain the
total for work quantity into a work sheet. Sum up of items into an abstract of the project. Definitions
and terms used in the Project Estimate assessment. Use of Spreadsheets in computing the quantities for
each item;

UNIT II: Types of Estimates

Knowledge of various types of estimates: Preliminary estimate, detailed estimate, Quantity estimate,
Bid estimate, Cost estimates. Approximate methods: Plinth area method, Cubic content method and
others. Estimate for services: Water Supply, Plumbing, Electrical, HVAC and Sanitation for a
residential project. Knowledge of various types of SSRs available, along with their application and
updates of SSRs;

UNIT III: Detailed Estimate by Examples, Cost Estimate

Introduction to Long wall short wall method and the Centre line method.
Estimate of a building quantities for a load bearing structure and a framed structure.
PWD Method of computing the quantities; Explanation of previous projects estimates in Audio visual
mode; Preparation of BOQ, Bill of Quantities. Knowing the commands to obtain lengths, areas and
volumes for items of a building plan from the prevailing softwares like AutoCAD, Revit, Archicad and
other BIM softwares;

UNIT IV: Specifications and Rate Analysis

Specifications: Purpose and the importance of specifications in Building estimation, General, brief
specifications and Detailed specifications. Specification for all items of a residential construction from
earthwork excavations to floor finishes. Writing the specifications to include materials, tests, pre and
post installation and modes of Measurements.

Rate Analysis: Assessment of Cost of each building construction work by compiling cost of materials
and cost of labour; Preparation of data sheet for items such as masonry, PCC, RCC, Plastering and
flooring., Methods of execution of works viz., piece work, daily basis, Lumsum, labour rate and
percentage etc.

131
UNIT V: Valuation
Introduction to the purposes of valuation of building, terminology, market value, book value, capital
cost, capitalized cost, years’ of purchase; Methods of estimating the depreciation of building properties;
Methods to calculate the value of a property.

Reference:
1. Datta, B.N. Estimating and Costing in Civil Engineering: Theory and Practice, 23rd ed. UBS
Pub. Distributors Ltd., New Delhi, 1993.
2. Bride, G.S. Estimating and Costing, 2nd ed. Dhanpat Rai and Sons, Delhi, 1982.
3. Rangwala, S.C. Valuation of real Properties, 6th ed. Charotar Pub. 6 House, Anand, 2003.
4. Standard Specification and rates, Government of Andhra Pradesh, Government Press,
Hyderabad
5. Indian Standards Institution. National Building Code of India 1983. Indian Standards
Institution, New Delhi, 1984.
6. Lerrs, Jack. Engineering Construction Specification.
7. Macey, W. Frank. Specification in Detail, 5th ed. Technical Press ltd, London, 1955.
8. Lewis, R. Jack. Building Construction Specifications. Prentice-Hall, Inc., New
Jersey, 1975.
9. Govt. of Maharashtra. Standard Specifications, Government Press, Nagpur, 1972.

E-reference:
https://www.ecmweb.com/construction/estimating/article/2111
Role of an estimate in building construction
9807/the-purpose-of-the-estimate

https://www.costengineering.eu/blog-article/3-types-of-
Estimation of cost of construction
construction-cost-estimating

https://esub.com/blog/what-are-building-specifications-in- Building Specifications importance and

construction measures

https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Specification_for_
Specifications in construction
construction

https://dailycivil.com/valuation-of-building-methods-and-
Valuation of buildings and parameters
calculation-of-valuation-of-property/

https://www.johnsoncontrols.com/openblue Buildings with innovative current trends

Construction software for building

https://constructioncoverage.com/estimating-software
estimation

https://www.freshbooks.com/hub/estimates/construction-
Best Construction Estimating Softwares
estimating-software

132
Course Outcomes:

Upon the successful completion of course, student will be able to

S. COURSE
DESCRIPTION
No. OUTCOME

Assess the items of work in construction by studying the building plan,

1 CO1
sections and elevations to calculate the quantities of work in each item.

Acquire the cost estimate computing skills using spread sheets and other
2 CO2
softwares and prepare BOQs.

Classify the specifications for various types of works in the construction

3 CO3
industry.

4 CO4 Evaluate the rate analysis as per SSRs of concerned authorities.

5 CO5 Perform valuation of all types of buildings.

COURSE OUTCOMES PROGRAM OUTCOMES MAPPING:

AR17 P P P P P P P P P P P P P P
B5.5C O O O O O O O O O O O O S S
- - - - - - - - - - - - O O
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 11 12 1 2
0
CO-1 3 2 - - 2 3 2 - 2 2 2 2 2 2

CO-2 3 2 2 - 2 2 - - - - - 2 2 2

CO-3 2 2 - 2 - - - 2 - - 2 2 2 2

CO-4 2 2 3 - - 2 - - 2 2 - 2 2 3

CO-5 3 2 - - - 2 - - 2 2 - 2 2 2

133
 AR22B6.4C BUILDING INFORMATION MODELLING

End
AR22B6.5E Periods Per Week Marks
CREDITS Exam
L/T/S P/F/O Total Internal External Total W/J/S/P

1 2 3 3 50 -- 50 --

Objectives of the course:

A. The course shall impart theoretical and practical knowledge on BIM for building and
infrastructure design
B. Train students to extract information from the BIM model for preconstruction
C. Sensitize students to use of BIM in execution stage
D. Familiarize students with use of BIM as a facility management tool

Course Contents:

Unit - I: Introduction

History; building design process with purely drafting and modelling software and its limitations and
disadvantages

Difference between a purely drafting and modelling software and BIM software;

Unit - II: Building Design Basics

Introduction to Parametric 3D modelling and exploration of its advantages (Shall include Architectural,
Structural, Electrical, Mechanical and all specialist consultant’s elements) using any of the popular BIM
software, preferably Revit 2018, Autodesk – the most popular software.

Project Elements Planning – Creation of Project Tree; Hierarchical Identity creation of the project
elements and intelligent internationally recognisable naming system;

Building design – Creation of Digital Model of a building and its geo-physical location; creation of
elemental details;

Creation of Elements’ families;

Import of elements of all related trades; Format of digital model (IFC; acceptable formats and its
advantages)

Preparation of Project Documentation and Rendering

Preparation of Schedules and BOQ (quantity take-off);

Solar Studies – Daylighting simulation

Unit – III: BIM Information Sharing

Concept of Central Model ownership of the digital model and interoperability.

134
Location of the Central Model

Access to model for the projects various stakeholders – The Client, Architect, Project Managers,
Contractor, Structural Engineer, Electrical Engineer, Mechanical Engineer, all specialist consultants
and Vendors in some cases.

Other ways of exchange of information, in case of non-availability of common platform like the internet.

Unit - IV: BIM as Project Design and Management Tool

Introduction to 4D and 5D.

Project Estimate and Scheduling; Linking of software like MS Project, Primavera, MS Excel to BIM.
Exchange and Analysis of information

Preconstruction study; project optimization

BIM as tool to integrate Sustainability issues to building design and construction process; linking of
various sustainability related applications, output and Analysis.

Construction process and Constructability

Unit - V: BIM Execution Plan

Formats being used in different parts of the world to prepare a BIM execution plan.

Need to prepare a project specific BIM Execution plan.

LOD (Level of Development) for project specific requirement – production of Design Drawings,
production of Working Drawings, coordination of various trades plus Clash Detection, production Shop
Drawings, as-built drawings and compilation of information for Facility Managements (COBIE etc.).

Reference:

1. Revit 2018 Suite _ Complete Reference Series, Mc Graw Hill Publication Mastering Revit
Architecture - Demchak, Dzambazova&Krygiel
2. BIM Handbook / Eastman, Teicholz, Sacks, Liston / Wiley
3. Optional: BIM and Construction Management: Proven Tools, Methods, and Workflows
Hardin / Sybex — A BIM reference with a focus on construction management
4. BIM – WillernKymmell

135
E-References:

Courses on Coursera and Udemy

Autodesk help: https://help.autodesk.com/view/RVT/2023/ENU

Archicad help: https://helpcenter.graphisoft.com/user-guide/136632- online and downloadable formats

Course outcomes

CO1 To Develop Proficiency in creating a BIM model at design stage

CO2 To Recognize the requirement of inter-workability of a BIM model
CO3 To Develop all required architecture drawings and quantities from the BIM model
CO4 To Understand how the BIM model is used during project delivery
To Collaborate effectively with project stakeholders and teams using BIM
CO5
workflows.

CO-PO mapping

CO\PO PO 1 PO 2 PO 3 PO 4 PO 5 PO 6 PO 7 PO 8 PO 9 PO PO PO
10 11 12
CO1 1 2 - - 1 2 - - - 2 - -
CO2 1 - - - - - - 1 - - 1 2
CO3 2 1 1 - - - - - - 3 1 1
CO4 1 - - - - 2 - - 2 3 2 1

136
AR22B6.5C: Human Settlements and Urban Planning

Periods Per Week Mark End Exam Type

CREDITS s
L/T/S P/F/O Total Internal External Total W/J/S/P
4 - 4 4 50 50 100 W

Objectives of the Course:

A. To introduce Elements and characteristics of human settlements; Various planning concepts in
urban, and regional level development plans in the context of India; Changing scenario in the context
of Globalization

B .To introduces the vocabulary, elements and classification of human settlements.

C. To give exposure to planning concepts at different scales of settlements.

Unit -I: Evolution of Human Settlements

Historic Evolution: Brief review of the origin of early human settlements, lessons learnt from Medieval
and Industrial Revolution times, evolution of Bylaws and Development Control Regulations; Anatomy
of human settlements, Elements of human settlements: Nature, shells and networks- their functions and
linkages. Classification of human settlements: rural and urban; classification of towns and cities;
problems of small towns, medium towns and metropolitan cities in India; Metropolis, megalopolis and
conurbation; town planning as Policing and Regulatory authorities; Structure and form of settlements -
linear, non- linear and circular, combinations. Reasons for development. Advantages and disadvantages.
Case studies. Factors influencing the growth and decay of human settlements.
Unit -II: Planning Theories
Ekistics, Introduction Garden city, Neighborhood unit, Broad-acre city, nuclei theory, sector theory,
green belt and satellite town, ribbon development, urban sprawl, inner city problems,
Unit -III: Housing and Transportation
Population growth; Migration; slums, social and environmental problems of slums, habilitation of
slums, housing and community facilities,
Classification of land use; Types of housing: detached, semi-detached, row, cluster, group housing
leading to neighborhoods, gated communities: implementation of URDPFI guidelines in planning at
various levels.
Transportation: Types of transportation; potentials and limitations of roadways, railways, waterways
and airways, metro rail, MMTS;
O-D surveys, desire line diagrams, trip generation, distribution and model split

137
Unit -IV: Urban Planning and Urban Renewal
Urban development plans, programmes and policies from case studies: land use plan and Development
control Regulations, Master Plan, Scope, content and limitations of master plan, preparation of Master
Plan, Action Plan, Structure Plan, Advocacy Planning, DDP/ZDP, Regional Plan.
Urban renewal, redevelopment, rehabilitation and conservation. Urban development projects – case
studies.
Unit -V: Aspects in Contemporary Urban Planning
Globalisation and its impact on cities, new forms of developments: Neighborhoods, Gated-
communities, self-sustained communities, SEZ, transit oriented development (TOD), integrated
townships, smart cities, Sustainable planning concepts; Case studies.

Reference:
1. C.L.Doxiadis, Ekistics, 'An Introduction to the Science of Human Settlements',
Hutchinson, London, 1968.
2. Thooyavan K R, 'Human Settlements- A Planning guide to Beginners',
M.A.Publications, 2005.
3. Ministry of Urban affairs and Employment, Government of India, New Delhi, ‘Urban
Development Plans: Formulation and Implementation-Guidelines’, 1996.
4. Andrew D Thomas, ‘Housing and Urban Renewal', Harper Collins, 1986
5. V. Nath, 'Regional Development And Planning In India', Neha Publishers &
Distributors, 2009.
6. Government of India, 'Report of the National Commission on Urbanisation', 1988.
7. Hansen N., 'Regional Policy and Regional Integration', Edward Elgar, UK, 1996.
8. Taylor, N. (1998) Urban Planning Theory Since 1945, SAGE Publications Ltd.
9. Ramachandran R. (1992) Urbanization and Urban Systems in India, OUP India.

E-Resources:
Online Resources: Nptel, Swayam, edx, Coursera
 http://tcpo.gov.in/urban-and-regional-development-plans-formulation-and-
implementation-urdpfi-guidelines
 https://archive.org/details/dli.ernet.234011/page/3/mode/2up
 https://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/webbin/book/lookupid?key=olbp76674
 https://www.studocu.com/in/document/galgotias-university/urban-design-and-
construction/human-settlements-and-planning/17478326
 https://www.academia.edu/37150419/HUMAN_SETTLEMENTS_PLANNING_Com
piled

COURSE OUTCOMES:

At the end of this course, the student will be able to:

1. Understand human settlements and the forces that influence the development.
2. Understand the role of planning processes in making positive changes to settlements.
3. Develop appreciate /assess the planning interventions in real time urban development.
4. Understand the relation between built environment and the social, political, religious,
sustainability technological and environmental factors that shape urban environment.

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CO-PO Mapping

PO- PO- PO- PO- PO- PO- PO- PO- PO- PO- PO- PO-
CO
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
AR-6.5-01 3 3 1 1 1 1 - 1 3 2 - 2

AR-6.5-02 3 3 1 1 1 1 - 2 2 3 - 2

AR-6.5-03 3 3 2 - 1 1 1 3 3 2 3 2

AR-6.5-04 3 3 1 - 3 1 2 1 3 3 - 3

1-Low Correlation; 2-Moderate Correlation; 3 –Substantial correlation

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 AR22B6.6C: ARCHITECTURAL ACOUSTICS AND ILLUMINATION

AR22B6.4C Periods Per Week Marks End Exam

CREDITS
L/T/S P/F/O Total Internal External Total W/J/S/P
3 3 3 50 50 100 W

Objectives of the course:

A. Understand the principles and practices of architectural acoustics and illumination.

B. Learn about physical properties of sound and light, design techniques for controlling sound and
light in terms of architectural design.
C. Recognize and assess the use of materials and technologies to improve acoustical and lighting
performance.
D. Use design strategies and technologies to improve the acoustics and lighting design in
architectural spaces.
E. Effectively communicate with experts in acoustics and illuminations and related fields and
conduct market research and learn about latest developments.

Course Contents:

Unit I: Acoustics fundamental laws and terminology.

Sound fundamentals and qualities: loudness, frequency and pitch; human ear and sound perception of
sound, sound measurement and analysis, subjective aspects of human ear, Decibel scale, Acoustic
design guidelines and standards for typology of site/ buildings, Reflection, absorption, and diffusion,
Principles of room acoustics design,; coefficient of absorption, The properties of acoustic materials;
behavior of sound in enclosed space, reverberation, Sabines formula, echoes, Acoustic modelling and
simulations;

Unit II: Room Acoustics

Acoustic design process and considerations for Auditoriums, concert halls, cinema halls, seminar
rooms, lecture halls, class rooms, and open offices all have different acoustic design processes and
requirements; An auditorium case study with a report containing drawings and reverberation time
calculations, and critical analysis; Detailed acoustic design for any building type;

Unit III: Environmental Acoustics: Sources of Noise and types of noise in and around buildings,
noise characteristics and effects on humans/behavior; noise curves, noise transmission, Outdoor sound
propagation, noise control and noise isolation; noise limitations and standards in communities, Speech
privacy and sound masking; sound reinforcement systems;

Unit IV: Fundamentals of Illumination

Light and vision, basic units, photometry and measurement, quality and quantity of light of different
sources of light: Daylight and of different types artificial lighting; market survey of lamps with cost and
technical specifications;

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Advantages of daylighting; design tools in daylighting. Behaviour of daylighting in an interior spaces;
Potentials of daylighting as an energy resource

Unit V: Principles and Techniques of Lighting Design

Lighting as determinant of form for architecture with graphic examples; Design of lighting: lumen
method, point by print method, design tools, design documentation, Specific lighting design
requirement of different buildings such as homes, offices, industrial, hospital, art galleries, museums
and exhibitions, case study of at least one type. Conservation of energy in lighting use of daylight,
optical fibre lighting, LED in lighting and the emerging trends in lighting.

Reference:

1. National Building Code 2005.

2. Barron. M. (2009). Auditorium acoustics and architectural design. 2nd Ed. Taylor &
Francis.
3. Cox, T. J. and D'Antonio, P. (2009). Acoustic Absorbers and Diffusers. 2nd Ed. Taylor
& Francis.
4. Smith, B. J., Peters, R. J. and Owen, S. (1982). Acoustics and Noise Control. New York
: Longman.
5. Vigran, T. E. (2008). Building Acoustics. 1st Ed. Taylor & Francis.
6. Basic Refrigeration and Air Conditioning by A. Ananthanarayana.
7. Building Construction by Rangwala.
8. Architectural Acoustics by M. David Egan.
9. K. A. Siraskar, Acoustics in Building Design, Orient Longman Ltd., 1972.
10. S. Kandaswamy, Architectural Acoustics and Noise Control, Allied publishers Pvt.
Ltd., 2005.
11. Moore, Fuller.Concepts and practice of Architectural DayLighting. Van Nostrand
Reinhold co.,
12. New York, 1985.
13. Valia, Anil. Designing with light: A Lighting H.B. International Lightning Academy,
Mumbai, 2002, Architecturl Physics: Lighting.
14. Hopkinson R.G, Her Majestrip stationery office, London.
15. David Egan. M, concepts in Architectural lighting Mc Grew Hill Book company, New
York, 1983
16. Catalogues of leading Audio equipments agencies e.g. Philips, Ahuja etc.

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Course outcomes

After successfully completing the course the student will able to:

CO1 Describe the fundamentals of sound and light and its behaviour in varied
site/building contexts.
CO2 Analyse and assess acoustical and illumination issues in architectural spaces.
CO3 Classify design strategies and technologies to improve the acoustics and lighting of
architectural spaces.
CO4 Effectively interact with experts in acoustics and lighting and related areas.

CO-PO mapping:

CO\PO PO 1 PO 2 PO 3 PO 4 PO 5 PO 6 PO 7 PO 8 PO 9 PO PO PO
10 11 12
CO1 1 2 - 1 2 - 1 1 2 1 1 1
CO2 2 3 - 1 2 1 - 1 - - 1 -
CO3 3 1 3 3 - - 1 1 1 1 2 -
CO4 3 2 3 3 - 1 1 - 1 1 1

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AR22B6.xE: PROFESSIONAL ELECTIVE-II
The course, Professional Elective II, to be taught in seminar mode, while keeping the syllabus as a
guideline for exploration of the topics. The desired outcome of the course-work is to lead towards
publications and readers on the topics.
AR22B6.1 E Theory of Design and Architecture

End Exam
Periods Per Week Marks Type
CREDITS
L/T/S P/F/O Total Internal External Total W/J/S/P
4 - 4 4 50 - 50 --
Objectives of the Course:
A. To enable the student of architecture to understand the basics of theory of design
B. To empower the student with the knowledge of the design process
C. Understanding and using elements and principles of architectural design
D. To enable the student to understand and analyze buildings objectively and subjectively

Unit I- Theory of Design

Understanding Design as an integration of Aesthetics and Function; Multi- faceted nature of design as
a mixture of creativity and analysis; Position of design and its relation to science, art, technology;
Categories of design: Product Design, Interior Design, Architectural Design, Urban Design; Principles
and Elements of Design; Gestalt's laws; Golden Ratio, Rule of thirds;
Unit II- The Design Process
Introduction to the Design process - Understanding of formative ideas, organization concepts;
Design thinking as an iterative, non-linear process: An insight into design activity and how designers
think; Design thinking as problem solving and decision making; Uncertainties in the design process;
Design thinking terms: Empathy, integrative thinking, experimentalism, collaboration between
designers and users, intuitive thinking; Metaphors, Analogy and Symbolism in Design;
The five stages in an typical design process: Understand, Define, Ideate, Prototype, Test
Unit III- Elements of Architecture
Primary Elements in Architecture: Point, Line, Plane, Volume; Form: Properties of Form, Shape,
Regular and irregular Forms, Subtractive and Additive Forms; Form and Space: Form defining Space,
Qualities of Architectural Space, Degree of Enclosure; Light, View; Organization of Form and Space:
Spatial Relationships, Spatial Organization; Circulation; Proportion and Scale in Architecture;
Anthropometry; Modular System; Ordering Principles: Axis, Symmetry, Hierarchy, Datum, Rhythm,
Repetition, Transformation
Unit IV- Theories in Architecture
Vitruvius’ De Architectura-The Vitruvian Triad; Alberti’s On the Art of Building; John Ruskin’s Seven
Lamps of Architecture; The Five Points of Architecture and The Modulor by Le Corbusier; Frank Lloyd
Wright’s Organic Architecture; Form follows Function; Less is more; God is in the details;
Ornamentation is Crime; Less is a bore; Blobitecture; Defensible space; Isms in architecture –
Definitions and basis for classification

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Unit V- Analyzing Architecture
Architecture as Identification of Place; Basic Elements of Architecture; Modifying Elements of
Architecture; Primitive Place Types; Architecture as making Frames; Ideal Geometry; Themes in
Spatial Organization; Space and Structure; Transition; Hierarchy
Unit VI- Architectural Criticism
Architectural Criticism – need and importance; Specific criteria to consider in critiquing architecture:
Function-Purpose, Comfort, Practicality, Stability; Form- Composition, Consistency of Style,
Aesthetics; Context-Physical and Cultural, Appropriateness, Relevance to Society; User Experience-
Perception, Association, Emotion; Sustainability-Feasibility, Efficiency in terms of Material Usage,
Energy and Inter-relationship with Nature.

Reference:

1. Form Space and Order, Francis D K Ching

2. Analyzing Architecture, Simon Unwin
3. Precedents in Architecture, Roger H. Clark, Michael Pause
4. Introduction to Architecture, Francis D K Ching

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AR 22B6.2E VAASTU SHASTRA

Periods Per Week Credits Marks End Exam

L/T/S P/F/O Total Internal External Total W/J/S/P
4 - 4 4 50 - 50 --

Objectives of the Course:

A. To introduce Vaastu Shastra in terms of the texts, instructors and vocabulary to enable its
appreciation.
B. To give outline knowledge of the Vaastu Shastra principles dealing with site.
C. To introduce the dimensional system and the mandala.
D. To give an insight into the methods of design process related to buildings.

Unit –I- Introduction to Vaastu Shastra

Traditional architecture - achievements in India - Source and Meaning of Vastu and Vaastu
Classification of Vaastu and Silpins- ancient texts on Vaastu Shastra, Instructors, Importance of Vaastu
Shastra,

Unit –II -Site selection, Analysis and Planning

Features of good building site, slope of land, nature of soil, orientation of site, squaring of site, roads
adjoining to a plot and veedhi-sulas, location of building on plot, open spaces on site, location of water
source, drainage outlet, entrance gate and auxiliary structures, landscaping.

Unit –III - Dimensional System in Vaastu Shastra

Units of measurement - Tala system and Hasta system of measures, dimensional unit based on grain
size and human figure, scales for land measurement, prime dimension, modular measurements. Musical
measurements compared to space measurements, resultant ambience in built space.

Unit –IV - Concept of Vaastu Purusha Mandala

The celestial grid or vaastu purusha mandala and its types. Difference between Manduka and
Paramasayika mandalas, positive and negative energies - importance of cardinal and ordinal directions,
flow of energy within built space and outside – spatial arrangement and zoning of functional areas, The
Vaastu Pursha Mandala and its significance in position of doors, creation of patterns, and lay-outs.

Unit –V - Making of Buildings

Elemental building shapes, combination of shapes, orientation of building,house types, shala bhavanas,
spatial division within house, doors and windows, floor levels, heights of buildings, materials and
techniques of construction, aesthetics in architecture based on Vaastu Shastra, analysis of building
design of single and multi-storied residential building,

145
COURSE OUTCOMES:
Upon successful completion of the course the students will be able to:

COURSE
OUTCOM
S.No. E DESCRIPTION
1 CO1 Develop familiarity with the texts and scope of Vaastu Shastra

2 CO2 Understand the theories, principles and methods of Vaastu Shastra.

Look at Vaastu Shastra from rational perspective and analyse the basic
3 CO3
theory

4 CO4 List out the components of a building as per Vaastu Shastra.

5 CO5 Design for a building as per Vaastu Shastra principles.

CO-PO Mapping:

CO/PO PO- PO- PO- PO- PO- PO- PO- PO- PO- PO- PO- PO- PSO PSO
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2

CO 1 3 2 - 2 2 - 2 2 - 1 - 2 - 2

CO 2 2 1 - 2 3 1 2 2 - 2 - 2 2 1

CO 3 1 2 - 1 2 3 3 3 - 3 - 3 1 2

CO 4 3 2 - 2 2 1 1 3 1 2 - 1 1 2

CO 5 3 2 - 2 3 2 2 2 2 3 1 3 1 2

1 - Low Correlation 2 - Medium Correlation 3 - High Correlation

Reference:
1. Balagopal.T.S.Prabhu, A.Achyuthan, 1996, A Text Book of Vaastuvidya, Vaastu
vidya ptrastanam, Calicut.
2. Bruno Dagens (Tr.), 1985, Mayamata, An Indian Treatise on Housing, Architecture
and Iconography, Sitaram Bhartia Institute of Science & Research, New Delhi.
3. D.N. Shukla, 1998, Vastu-Sastra: Hindu Science of Architecture, Munshiram
Manoharlal Publishers Pvt.Ltd.
4. Ganapati Sthapati, 2001, Building Architecture of Sthapatya Veda, Dakshina
Publishing House, Chennai.
5. Madhura Krishnamurthy Shastry, 1996, Vaastu Shastra Vivekamu, Jotishya
Vijnana Kendramu, Rajamundry.
6. Sashikala Ananth, 1998, The Penguin Guide to VAASTU, The Classical Indian
Science of Architecture and design, Penguin Books India
7. K. Vasudeva Sastri,1958, Viswakarma Vastusastram, Sri Vani Vilas Press, Sri
Rangam

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AR 22B6.3E TECHNOLOGY IN ARCHITECTURE

Periods Per Week Credits Marks End Exam

L/T/S P/F/O Total Internal External Total W/J/S/P
4 - 4 4 50 - 50 --

Course Overview
The use of technology in architecture today is increasingly relevant and wide ranging. Innovations
include Building Information Modelling (BIM), computational design, robotic fabrication, building
performance analysis, artificial intelligence allied with digital technologies such as virtual and
augmented reality, generative design, drones, walkthrough architecture; these can improve construction
as well aid the monitoring of the progress of the construction.

Course Objectives
To understand the development of conventional tools and methods for creating architecture.
To enable the students to understand various technologies for future adaptation and development.

Course Outcomes

A. Ability to apply historical and modern technological tools in architectural design.

B. Awareness in digital design and visualization techniques for architecture.
C. Capability to integrate AI and computational tools in architectural planning.
D. Understanding and application of intelligent building systems.
E. Knowledge of smart materials and their feasibility in architectural construction.
F. Ability to conduct pre-design analysis and generate essential deliverables.

UNIT I: Introduction and Evolution of Technology

History of technologies in the past: In this Unit the role of technology in architecture is explored with
reference to its impact on the field, and its implications. Specific examples have been used to illustrate
how technological innovations have evolved from need.

Specific examples evolved from need:

Evolution of earth construction, vernacular roof systems; Rajasthan: coping with extremities in weather
and igloo, Himachal: building on mountain terrain, Warangal: sandbox foundations, Venice building
over water,

Analogue Mechanical and Digital Technologies

Analogue refers to the tangible and personal connections that are nurtured through real-life experiences,
genuine conversations, and engaging activities for example, Sketching, drawing, painting and sculpting
and crafts
Mechanical technology in architecture has come to mean digital technology and computer aided design.
Sophisticated designs can be created using various software techniques. For example, Hand tool,
aqueducts, Lifting of large building blocks (in construction of pyramids), making of large columns.

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UNIT II: Digital Design Tools and Techniques

Digital design has limits and the use of physical drawings, handmade models, and traditional
construction techniques not only adds depth and authenticity to design, but also fosters innovation and
sustainability.

Tools for pre design analysis

The Typical deliverables that are obtained or produced at the conclusion of pre-design include:

 Site Survey (Showing topographic information, existing structures, utilities, etc.)

 Geotechnical Report
 Zoning & Preliminary Building Code Analysis
 Program & Project Scope Verification Document
 Owner-Architect Agreement

Revit and AutoCAD and other tools will be discussed

Role of artificial intelligence in architecture

The use of AI is still at an experimental stage. However, it is necessary to comprehend and develop this
and it can have a variety of applications

AI for streamlining
Ways in which Artificial intelligence (AI) can help architects. Limits of AI.
UNIT III: VisualizationTools
An Architecture Visualization is the graphical representation of an architecture model or an architecture
view of a model. This can be done on paper / printed (physical) or on a computer screen (digital). Using
a video, animation, or maquette are ways of architectural visualization.
Construction technologies
The utility of using visualization tools in construction technology are Enhanced Conceptualization,
Improved Decision-Making, Accurate Planning and Design, Stakeholder Engagement, Marketing and
Presentation, Cost-Efficiency, Compliance and Approvals.
Programming and Visualisation
Visualization tools are essential to successful application development and software architecture
management. Some of the popular tools in India are Blender, Archicad, Autodesk Revit, V-Ray,
AutoCAD, Google SketchUp, 3DS MAX and Photoshop
UNIT IV: Intelligent buildings and integrated systems
Intelligent (Smart) buildings are a new way of harnessing technology to create a building that better
serves its tenants. Smart buildings can use a wide variety of different technologies that either already exist
within the building or are fitted specifically for the purposes of collecting information to improve the way
the building operates.
Examples of Smart buildings in India and globally.

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UNIT V: Smart materials and innovations
Smart-intelligent- buildings are in the process of being preferred by clients. Some materials have been
developed to meet specific objectives during their use without the need to be operated by any person or
equipment. Self-maintenance, cleaning the air, working with the comfort of space, energy efficiency, are
some of the benefits that can be achieved by adopting them.
Material Technologies
Some examples of smart material technologies include Regenerative Bioconcretes, Carbon Concrete,
Hydroceramics, Self-Cleaning Materials, self-healing paint, low u value glass, and others

Their feasibility in building construction has to be examined within the context of usage.

Reference:

1. Eastman, C., Teicholz, P., Sacks, R., & Liston, K. (2011). BIM Handbook: A Guide to
Building Information Modeling for Owners, Managers, Designers, Engineers, and
Contractors (2nd ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
2. Rastogi, P. (2014). Building with Intelligence: Smart Building Solutions in India. Rupa
Publications.
3. Picon, A. (2010). Digital Culture in Architecture: An Introduction for the Design
Professions. Birkhäuser.
4. Oxman, R. (2008). "Digital Architecture as a Challenge for Design Pedagogy: Theory,
Knowledge, Models, and Mediums." Design Studies, 29(2), 99–120.
5. Menon, A. G. K. (2012). Architecture and Independence: The Search for Identity - India
1880 to 1980. Oxford University Press India.
6. Khosla, A. (2007). Ecohouse: A Design Guide. Orient BlackSwan.
7. Mehta, M., Scarborough, W., & Armpriest, D. (2018). Building Construction:
Principles, Materials, and Systems (International Adaptation). Pearson India.
8. Mitchell, W. J. (2003). Me++: The Cyborg Self and the Networked City. MIT Press.
9. Addington, M. D., &Schodek, D. L. (2005). Smart Materials and New Technologies:
For the Architecture and Design Professions. Architectural Press.
10. Kolarevic, B., & Klinger, K. (Eds.). (2013). Manufacturing Material Effects:
Rethinking Design and Making in Architecture. Routledge.
11. Dixon, D., Levine, M., & Robinson, J. (2016). Urban Design for an Urban Century:
Shaping More Livable, Equitable, and Resilient Cities. John Wiley & Sons.
12. Oxman, R. & Oxman, R. (Eds.). (2014). Theories of the Digital in Architecture.
Routledge.

13. Sharma, R. (2019). Vernacular Traditions and Contemporary Architecture.

14. Schumacher, P. (2010). The Autopoiesis of Architecture, Volume I: A New Framework
for Architecture. John Wiley & Sons.

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