UNIT –I Tutorial Problems
1. A surface wall is made up of 3 layers one of fire brick, one of insulating brick
and one of red brick. The inner and outer surface temperatures are 900°C and
30°C respectively. The respective co-efficient of thermal conductivity of the
layers are 1.2, 0.14 and 0.9 W/mK and the thickness of 20cm, 8 cm and 11
cm. Assuming close bonding of the layers at the interfaces. Find the heat loss
per square meter and interface temperatures.
Ans : i) Q= 1013 W/m2 ii) Intermediate Temperature T2 = 731°C , T 3 =
152°C
2. A wall is constructed of several layers. The first layer consists of masonry
brick 20cm thick of thermal conductivity 0.66 W/mK, the second layer consists
of 3cm thick mortar of thermal conductivity 0.6 W/mK, the third layer consists
of 8cm thick lime stone of thermal conductivity 0.8 W/mK and the outer layer
consists of 1.2 cm thick plaster of thermal conductivity 0.6 W/mk. The heat
transfer coefficient on the interior and exterior of the wall are 5.6 Wm2K and
11 W/m2K respectively. Interior room temperature is 22°C and outside air
temperature is -5°C. Calculate,
i. Overall thermal resistance
ii. The rate of heat transfer
iii. Overall heat transfer coefficient
iv. The temperature at the junction between the mortar and limestone.
Answer :
Overall thermal resistance R =1.285
The rate of heat transfer Q =21.01 W/m2
Overall heat transfer coefficient U =0.778 W/m2K
The temperature at the junction between the mortar and
limestone T2 = 291.2K, T3 = 284.8K, T4 = 283.7K
3. A furnace wall made up of 7.5 cm of fire plate and 0.65 cm of mild steel plate.
Inside surface exposed to hot gas at 650°C and outside air temperature 27°C.
The convective heat transfer co-efficient for inner side is 60 W/m2K. The
convective heat transfer coefficient for outer side is 8W/m2K. Calculate the
heat lost per square meter area of the furnace wall and also find outside
surface temperature. Assume K for fire plate as 1.035 W/mk and K for mild
steel plate as 53.6 W/mK.
Answer :
Heat lost, Q = 2908 W/m2
Outside surface temperature, T 3 = 663 K
4. A steel tube (K = 43.26 W/mK) of 5.08 cm inner diameter and 7.62 cm outer
diameter is covered with 2.5 cm layer of insulation (K = 0.208 W/mK) the
inside surface of the tube receivers heat from a hot gas at the temperature of
316°C with heat transfer co-efficient of 28 W/m2K. While the outer surface
exposed to the ambient air at 30°C with heat transfer co-efficient of 17
W/m2K. Calculate heat loss for 3 m length of the tube.
Answer : Q/L = 1131 W
5. A thick walled tube of stainless steel [K = 7785 W/mK] 25 mm ID and 50
mm OD is covered with a 25 mm layer of asbestos [K = 0.88 W/mk]. If the
inside wall temperature of the pipe is maintained at 550°C and the outside of
the insulator at 45°C. Calculate the heat loss per meter length of the pipe.
Answer : Q = 1107 W
6. A hollow sphere (K = 65 W/mK) of 120 mm inner diameter and 350 mm
outer diameter is covered 10 mm layer of insulation (K = 10 W/mK). The
inside and outside temperatures are 500°C and 50°C respectively.
Calculate the rate of heat flow through this sphere.
Answer : Q = 28481 W
7. One end of the long solid rod of 50 mm diameter is inserted into a furnace
with the other end is projecting the atmosphere at 25°C. Once the steady
state is reached, the temperature of the rod is measured at two points 20
cm apart are found to be 150°C and 100°C. The convective heat transfer
co-efficient between the rod and the surrounding air is 30 W/m2K.
Calculate the thermal conductivity of the rod material.
Answer : K = 369.7 W/m2K
8. An aluminium alloy fin of 7 mm thick and 50 mm long protrudes from a
wall, which is maintained at 120°C. The ambient air temperature is 22°C.
The heat transfer coefficient and conductivity of the fin material are 140
W/m2K and 55 W/mK respectively. Determine (i) Temperature at the end
of the fin (ii) Temperature at the middle of the fin (iii) Total heat dissipated
by the fin
Answer : i) Temperature at the end of the fin Tx=L = 342.8 K
ii) Temperature at the middle of the fin Tx=L/2 = 354 K
iii) Total heat dissipated by the fin Q = 44.4 W
9. Aluminium fins 1.5 cm wide and 10 mm thick are placed on a 2.5 cm
diameter tube to dissipate the heat. The tube surface temperature is
170°C ambient temperature is 20°C. Calculate the heat loss per fin. Take
h = 130 W/m2C and K = 200 W/m2C for aluminium.
Answer : Q = 14.3 W
10. A straight rectangular fin has a length of 35 mm, thickness of 1.4mm. The
thermal conductivity is 55 W/m⁰C. The fin is exposed to a convection
environment of 20⁰C and h is 500 W/m2C. Calculate the heat loss for a
base temperature of 150⁰C.
Answer : Q = 39.8 W
