Md.

Abdul Malek
Lecturer, Dept. of Electrical & Electronic Engineering
Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology

1
 Rectifier
A rectifier is a circuit that converts an alternating current (AC) to
direct current (DC).
Application:
1. Aircraft converter systems
2. Zinc electrolysis
3. Graphitizing furnaces
4. High voltage DC transmission
5. Electroplating
6. Adjustable speed drives
7. Battery charging
8. Uninterruptible power supplies (UPS)
9. Copper refining
2
10. Many more
 Rectifier
Classification of rectifier:

3
 Rectifier
Uncontrolled rectifier converts AC voltage to fixed DC voltage

Application:
1. Zinc electrolysis
2. Aluminum potline
3. Graphitizing furnaces
4. Traction substations
5. Medium voltage ac drives
6. Low voltage ac drive applications
7. Many more
4
 Rectifier
Controlled rectifier converts AC voltage to variable DC voltage.

Application:
1. Copper refining
2. DC arc furnace
3. HVDC transmission
4. Chemical electrolysis
5. Many more

Md. Abdul Malek

Lecturer, Dept. of EEE

5
 Uncontrolled Half-Wave Rectifier
+ vD - vs
is
i Vm
+
+ 0 ωt
π 2π
vp vs R vo
-
- vo
Vm
0 π ωt
Fig. : Half-Wave uncontrolled rectifier. 2π

i
Vm/R
The average output voltage is
0 ωt
2 π 2π
1
Vdc 
2  v (t) d (t )
o vD
0 0 ωt
π 2π
Vm -Vm
Vdc 
 6
 Performance Parameters
The output DC power,
Pdc  Vdc I dc
Where,
Vdc  The average value of the output (load) voltage
I dc  The average value of the output (load) current

The output AC power,

Pac  Vrms I rms
Where,
Vrms  The root-mean-square (rms) value of the output voltage
I rms  The root-mean-square (rms) value of the output current

7
 Performance Parameters
The efficiency (or rectification ratio) of a rectifier is defined as

 Pdc
Pac

η is not the power efficiency. It is the conversion efficiency which is a measure of

the quality of the output waveform. For a pure dc output, the conversion efficiency
would be unity.

The output voltage can be considered as composed of two components:

(1) DC component
(2) AC component or ripple.

The effective (rms) value of the AC component of the output voltage is

Vac  Vrms
2
 Vdc2 8
 Performance Parameters
The form factor, which is a measure of the shape of output voltage, is

FF 
Vrms
Vdc

The form factor (FF) of pure DC voltage is 1.

The ripple factor, which is a measure of the ripple content, is defined as

RF 
Vac
Vdc

RF  FF 2  1

The ripple factor (FF) of pure DC voltage is 0.

9
 Performance Parameters
The transformer utilization factor is defined as

TUF 
Pdc
Vs I s

Where,
Vs  rms value of the transformer secondary voltage
I s  rms value of the transformer secondary current

The input power factor is calculated as

PF 
Pac
Vs I s

10
 Performance Parameters
CF of the input current is defined by

I s ( peak )
CF  Is

Crest factor (CF) specify the peak current ratings of devices and components.

11
 Performance Parameters
CF of the input current is defined by

I s ( peak )
CF  Is

Crest factor (CF) specify the peak current ratings of devices and components.

12
 Performance Parameters
Problem_1: If the half-wave rectifier has a purely resistive load of R, determine (a)
the efficiency, (b) the FF, (c) the RF, (d) the TUF, (e) the PIV of diode (f) the CF of
the input current, and (g) the input power factor PF.

Problem_2: If the full-wave rectifier with center tapped transformer has a purely
resistive load of R, determine (a) the efficiency, (b) the FF, (c) the RF, (d) the TUF,
(e) the PIV of diode (f) the CF of the input current, and (g) the input power factor
PF.

Problem_3: If the full-wave bridge rectifier has a purely resistive load of R,

determine (a) the efficiency, (b) the FF, (c) the RF, (d) the TUF, (e) the PIV of
diode (f) the CF of the input current, and (g) the input power factor PF.

13
 Full-Wave Uncontrolled Rectifier
+ vD1 - vs
is

D1
Vm
+
vs 0 ωt
R i π 2π
-
vp + - vo +
vs vo
- D2 Vm
D1 D2
0 π ωt
+ vD2 - 2π
i
Fig. : Full-Wave rectifier with center Vm/R
tapped transformer.
0 ωt
π 2π
The average output voltage is vD1
0 ωt
 π 2π
1
Vdc 
  v (t) d (t )
0
o
-2Vm
vD2
0 π ωt
2π
2Vm
Vdc  -2Vm
 14
 Full-Wave Uncontrolled Rectifier
is vs

+ Vm
+
vD1 i
D1 D3
vs - + 0 ωt
R vo π 2π
vp -
D4 D2
vo
Vm
D1,D2 D3,D4
0 π ωt
2π
i
Fig. : Full-Wave bridge rectifier. Vm/R

0 ωt
π 2π
The average output voltage is vD1,vD2
0 ωt
 π 2π
1
Vdc 
 
0
vo(t) d (t ) -Vm
vD3,vD4
0 π ωt
2π
2Vm
Vdc  -Vm
 15
 Half-Wave Controlled Rectifier
+ vT -G Md. Abdul Malek
is vs Lecturer, Dept. of EEE
A K
+ i Vm
+
0 ωt
vp vs R vo π 2π
-
- vgk
0 ωt
vo α
Fig. : Half-Wave rectifier. Vm

0 π ωt
α = Firing angle or delay angle 2π
i
Vm/R
The average output voltage is
0 ωt
 π 2π
1
Vdc 
2 

vo(t) d (t ) vT
0 π
ωt
2π
-Vm
V
Vdc  m (1  cos  )
2 16
 Full-Wave Controlled Rectifier
+ vT1 - G1 vs
is
A K Vm
+ T1
vs 0 ωt
R i π 2π
-
vp + - vo +
vs vg1k
- T2 G2
0 ωt
α
A K vg2k
+ vT2 -
0 ωt
Fig. : Full-Wave rectifier with center π+α
vo
tapped transformer. . Vm
The average output voltage is 0 ωt
α π π+α 2π
 i
1
Vdc 
 

vo(t) d (t ) Vm/R
ωt
0 α π 2π
Vm
Vdc  (1  cos  ) Md. Abdul Malek
 Lecturer, Dept. of EEE
17
 Full-Wave Controlled Rectifier
is
G1 G3 vs
K K
+ i
T1 T3 + Vm
vs
A A R vo ωt
vp 0
- π 2π
G4 K G2 K

T4 T2 vg1k, vg2k
A A
0 ωt
α
vg3k, vg4k
0 ωt
Fig. : Full-Wave bridge rectifier π+α
vo
Vm
The average output voltage is 0 ωt
α π π+α 2π
 i
1
Vdc 
 

vo(t) d (t ) Vm/R
ωt
0 α π 2π
Vm
Vdc  (1  cos  )
 18
 Controlled Rectifier
Problem_4: If the controlled half-wave rectifier has a purely resistive load of R and
delay angle is α=π/3 , determine (a) the efficiency, (b) the FF, (c) the RF, (d) the
TUF, (e) the PIV of diode and (f) the CF of the input current.

Problem_5: If the controlled full-wave rectifier with center tapped transformer has
a purely resistive load of R and delay angle is α=π/3 , determine (a) the efficiency,
(b) the FF, (c) the RF, (d) the TUF, (e) the PIV of diode and (f) the CF of the input
current.

Problem_6: If the controlled full-wave bridge rectifier has a purely resistive load of
R and delay angle is α=π/3 , determine (a) the efficiency, (b) the FF, (c) the RF, (d)
the TUF, (e) the PIV of diode and (f) the CF of the input current.

19
 Half-Wave Uncontrolled Rectifier
vs
+ vD - Vm

i 0 ωt
+
π 2π
+ +
R v
R
i
vp vs vo -
+
vL 0 ωt
L π β 2π
- _ _ vo
Vm

0 ωt
π β 2π
Fig. : Half-Wave rectifier with RL load. vR

0 ωt
π 2π
The average output voltage is vL

 0 ωt
1 π 2π
Vdc 
2  v (t) d (t )
0
o
vD
Md. Abdul Malek 0
π 2π ωt
Lecturer, Dept. of EEE 20
-Vm
 Half-Wave Uncontrolled Rectifier
vs
+ vD - Vm

i 0 ωt
π 2π
+
+

vp vs L vo i

- _
0 ωt
π 2π
vo
Fig. : Half-Wave rectifier with L load. Vm

0 ωt
π 2π
-Vm

vD

0 ωt
π 2π

21
 Half-Wave Controlled Rectifier
vs
G Vm

A K i 0 ωt
+
π 2π
+ +
R v
R
vo - vgk
vp vs +
0 ωt
L vL α
- _ _ i

0 ωt
π β 2π
vo
Vm
Fig. : Half-Wave rectifier with RL load.
0 α β ωt
π 2π

The average output voltage is vR

 0 ωt
π 2π
1
 v (t) d (t )
vL
Vdc 
2
o Vm

0 ωt
π 2π 22
 Half-Wave Uncontrolled Rectifier
vs Md. Abdul Malek
i1 Vm Lecturer, Dept. of EEE
i 0 ωt
+ D + + π 2π
R v
R
Df i
vp vs vo -
+
i2 vL 0
-
L
π ωt
_ _ i1 2π

0
π ωt
2π
i2
Fig. : Half-Wave rectifier with RL load. 0 ωt
vo π 2π
Vm
The average output voltage is 0 π 2π ωt
vR

1
Vdc 
2 
0
vo(t) d (t )
vL
0
π 2π
ωt

0 π ωt
2π 23
 Half-Wave Uncontrolled Rectifier
i1
i
+ D + +
R v
R
Df vo -
vp vs +
i2 L vL
- _ _ i

Fig. : Half-Wave rectifier with RL

load.

0 ωt

Fig. : Waveform of current i

T
when 5  2.

24
 Half-Wave Uncontrolled Rectifier
vs
Vm
(L/R)>>T
i1
i 0 ωt
+ D + + π 2π
R v
R
Df i
vp vs vo -
+
i2 vL 0
-
L
π ωt
_ _ i1 2π

0
π ωt
2π
i2
Fig. : Half-Wave rectifier with RL load. 0 ωt
vo π 2π
Vm

0 π 2π ωt
vR
(L/R)>>T 0 ωt
π 2π
vL
Md. Abdul Malek
Lecturer, Dept. of EEE 0 π ωt
2π 25
 Half-Wave Uncontrolled Rectifier
DC vs
+ vD - motor Vm

+ i 0 ωt
π 2π
+ +
R v
R
vo - i
vp vs +
L vL 0 ωt
α β π 2π
- _
vo
_ E
Vm

0 E
α ωt
β π 2π
Fig. : Half-Wave rectifier with motor
vR
load.
0 ωt
π 2π
vL

0 ωt
π 2π

26
 Full-Wave Uncontrolled Rectifier
vs
is
Vm
i
+ +
vD1 i + 0 ωt
D1 D3 L π 2π
vs -
vo
vp vo
D4 D2 R Vm
- D1,D2 D3,D4
0 π ωt
i 2π

Fig. : Full-Wave bridge rectifier with 0 ωt

π 2π
RL load. π 2π
vL
The average output voltage is
 0 ωt
1
Vdc 
  v (t) d (t )
0
o

Md. Abdul Malek

2Vm
Vdc  Lecturer, Dept. of EEE
 27
 Full-Wave Controlled Rectifier
is vs
G1 K G3 i
K Vm
+ i +
T1 T3 L
vs ωt
A A vo 0
π 2π
vp
G4 K G2 K
R vg1k, vg2k
T4 T2
- 0 ωt
A A vg3k, vg4k α
0 ωt
Fig. : Full-Wave bridge rectifier π+α
vo
Vm

0 π ωt
The average output voltage is 2π
i
 
1
Vdc 
 V

m sin (t ) d (t ) 0 α π β 2π
ωt
vL

ωt
0
28
Discontinuous current mode
 Full-Wave Controlled Rectifier
is
vs
G1 K G3 i
K
+ i + Vm
T1 T3 L
vs
A A vo 0 ωt
vp π 2π
G4 K G2 K
R vg1k, vg2k
T4 T2
- 0 ωt
A A α
vg3k, vg4k

Fig. : Full-Wave bridge rectifier 0 ωt

π+α
vo
Vm

The average output voltage is 0 π 2π ωt

  i
1
Vdc 
 V

m sin (t ) d (t )
0 α π 2π
ωt
vL

ωt
α 2π
0
Continuous current mode 29
 Full-Wave Uncontrolled Rectifier
vs
is Vm
i
+ + 0 ωt
+
vD1 Ri π 2π
D1 D3
vs -
vo
vp vo
D2
L Vm
D4

E
- E
0 ωt
α β π 2π
Fig. : Full-Wave bridge rectifier with i
motor load.
0 ωt
α β π π+α 2π
vL

0 ωt
α π π+α 2π

Discontinuous current mode

30
 Full-Wave Uncontrolled Rectifier
vs
is Vm
i
+ + 0 ωt
+
vD1 Ri π 2π
D1 D3
vs -
vo i
vp L
D4 D2

E 0 ωt
- π 2π
vo
Vm

Fig. : Full-Wave bridge rectifier with

0 ωt
motor load. π 2π
vL

0
ωt

Continuous current mode

31
 Full-Wave Controlled Rectifier
is vs
i
G1 K G3
K + Vm
+ R
T1 T3
vs 0 ωt
A A vo π 2π
vp
G4
L
K G2 K vg1k, vg2k
T4 T2 0 ωt
E vg3k, vg4k α
A A -
0 ωt
π+α
Fig. : Full-Wave bridge rectifier vo
Vm

0
i π 2π ωt

α ωt
0 β 2π ωt
vL

Discontinuous current mode

ωt
0 32
 Full-Wave Controlled Rectifier
vs
is
i
G1 K G3 Vm
K +
+ R
vs
T1 T3 0 ωt
A A vo π 2π
vp vg1k, vg2k
G4
L
K G2 K

T4 T2 0 α ωt
E vg3k, vg4k
A A -
0 π+α
ωt
vo
Fig. : Full-Wave bridge rectifier
Vm

0 π ωt
2π
i

Md. Abdul Malek

Lecturer, Dept. of EEE ωt
0 π
α 2π

Continuous current mode

33
 Commutation
Commutation is the process of turning off an electronic switch, which usually
involves transferring the load current from one switch to another.

Natural commutation or line commutation, where the change in instantaneous line

voltage results in a device turning off.

Forced commutation, where current in a device such as a thyristor is forced to zero

by additional circuitry.

34
Commutation

35
Commutation

36
 Three Phase Star Rectifier
van D1 i
a

vbn D2 ib i

vcn +
D3 ic
Load v0

Fig. : Uncontrolled Three Phase Star (half-wave) Rectifier.

37
 Three Phase Star Rectifier
vi van vbn vcn

0 ωt
2π

Lecturer, Dept. of EEE

Md. Abdul Malek
vo
Vm
D3 D1 D2 D3
ωt
π/6 5π/6 3π/2 2π
i

ωt

Fig. : Input-output waveform of uncontrolled three phase star

(half-wave) rectifier with resistive load.
38
 Three Phase Star Rectifier
vi van vbn vcn

0 ωt
2π

vo
Vm
D3 D1 D2 D3
ωt
π/6 5π/6 3π/2 2π
i

ωt
vL
ωt

Fig. : Input-output waveform of uncontrolled three phase star (half-wave) rectifier

39
with R-L load.
 Three Phase Star Rectifier
vi van vbn vcn

Lecturer, Dept. of EEE

Md. Abdul Malek
0 ωt
2π

vo
Vm
D1 D2 D3 ωt

π/6 5π/6 3π/2 2π

i

ωt
α β
vL
ωt

Fig. : Input-output waveform of uncontrolled three phase star (half-wave) rectifier

40
with motor load.
 Three Phase Star Rectifier
vi van vbn vcn

E ωt

Lecturer, Dept. of EEE

0 2π

Md. Abdul Malek

vo
Vm
D3 D1 D2 D3
0 ωt
π/6 5π/6 3π/2 2π
i
(Vm-E)/R

0 ωt

Fig. : Input-output waveform of uncontrolled three phase star (half-wave) rectifier

𝑉
with R-E load when E< 𝑚. 41
2
 Three Phase Star Rectifier
vi van vbn vcn

0 ωt
2π

vo
Vm
D1 D2 D3
0 ωt
π/6 5π/6 3π/2 2π
i

(Vm-E)/R

0 ωt

Fig. : Input-output waveform of uncontrolled three phase star (half-wave) rectifier

𝑉
with R-E load when E> 𝑚. 42
2
 Three Phase Star Rectifier
van ia T1
vbn i T2 i
b

vcn i T3 +
c
Load v0

Fig. : Controlled Three Phase Star (half-wave) Rectifier.

43
 Three Phase Star Rectifier
vi van vbn vcn

ωt
0
2π Firing Sequence
𝜋
T1= 6 + 𝛼
vo 5𝜋
T2= +𝛼
Vm 6
T1 T2 3𝜋
T3 T3 T3= 2
+𝛼
0 ωt
i π/6+α 5π/6+α 3π/2+α 2π Md. Abdul Malek
Vm/R Lecturer, Dept. of EEE

ωt
ia
Vm/R
0 ωt

Fig.: Input-output waveform of controlled three phase star rectifier with R load
when α=π/12 (0< α<π/6). 44
 Three Phase Star Rectifier
vi van vbn vcn

ωt
0
2π Firing Sequence
𝜋
T1= 6 + 𝛼
vo 5𝜋
T2= +𝛼
Vm 6
3𝜋
T3 T1 T2 T3 T3= 2
+𝛼
0 ωt
i π/6+α 5π/6+α 3π/2+α 2π
Vm/R

ωt
ia
Vm/R

0 ωt

Fig.: Input-output waveform of controlled three phase star rectifier with R load when α=π/6.
45
 Three Phase Star Rectifier
vi van vbn vcn

ωt
0
2π Firing Sequence
𝜋
T1= 6 + 𝛼
vo 5𝜋
T2= +𝛼
Vm 6
3𝜋
T3 T1 T2 T3 T3= 2
+𝛼
0 ωt
i π/6+α 5π/6+α 3π/2+α 2π

ωt
VL

0 ωt

Fig.: Input-output waveform of controlled three phase star rectifier with R-L load when α=π/6.
46
 Three Phase Star Rectifier
vi van vbn vcn

ωt
0
2π Firing Sequence
𝜋
T1= 6 + 𝛼
vo 5𝜋
T2= +𝛼
6
3𝜋
T3 T1 T2 T3 T3= 2
+𝛼
0 ωt
π/6+α 5π/6+α 3π/2+α 2π
i

ωt
ia

0 ωt

Fig.: Input-output waveform of controlled three phase star rectifier with

R load when α<5π/18 (π/6<α<5π/6). 47
 Three Phase Star Rectifier
vi van vbn vcn Md. Abdul Malek
Lecturer, Dept. of EEE

ωt
0
2π Firing Sequence
𝜋
T1= 6 + 𝛼
vo 5𝜋
T2= +𝛼
6
Vm 3𝜋
T3 T1 T2 T3 T3= 2
+𝛼
0 ωt
π/6+α 5π/6+α 3π/2+α 2π
i

ωt
vL Discontinuous
current mode
0 ωt

Fig.: Input-output waveform of controlled three phase star rectifier with R-L load
48
when α=π/3 (α>π/6 ).
 Three Phase Star Rectifier
vi van vbn vcn

ωt
0
2π Firing Sequence
𝜋
T1= 6 + 𝛼
vo 5𝜋
T2= +𝛼
Vm 6
T3 T1 T2 T3 3𝜋
ωt T3= 2
+𝛼
0 π/6+α 5π/6+α 2π
3π/2+α
i

ωt
vL Continuous
current mode
0 ωt

Fig.: Input-output waveform of controlled three phase star rectifier with R-L load when α=π/3
49
(α>π/6 ).
 Three Phase Bridge Rectifier

Fig. : Uncontrolled three phase bridge rectifier.

50
 Three Phase Bridge Rectifier
vi vcb vab vac vbc vba vca vcb

0 ωt
2π

Lecturer, Dept. of EEE

vo

Md. Abdul Malek

3Vm
D5 D6 D1 D6 D1 D2 D3 D2 D3 D4 D5 D4 D5 D6
0 ωt
π/6 3π/6 5π/6 7π/6 3π/2 11π/6 2π
i

( 3Vm)/R

0 ωt

Fig. : Input-output waveform of uncontrolled three phase bridge rectifier

with R load. 51
 Three Phase Bridge Rectifier
vo
3Vm
D5 D6 D1 D6 D1 D2 D3 D2 D3 D4 D5 D4 D5 D6
0 ωt
π/6 3π/6 5π/6 7π/6 3π/2 11π/6 2π
ia
( 3Vm)/R
0 ωt

id1
( 3Vm)/R
0 ωt
id4

0 ωt
Fig. : Input-output waveform of uncontrolled three phase bridge rectifier
with R load. 52
 Three Phase Bridge Rectifier
vi vcb vab vac vbc vba vca vcb

0 ωt
2π

vo
3Vm
D5 D6 D1 D6 D1 D2 D3 D2 D3 D4 D5 D4 D5 D6
0 ωt
π/6 3π/6 5π/6 7π/6 3π/2 11π/6 2π
i

0 ωt
vL
ωt
0
Fig. : Input-output waveform of uncontrolled three phase bridge rectifier
with R-L load. 53
 Three Phase Bridge Rectifier
vi vcb vab vac vbc vba vca vcb

0 ωt
2π

vo
3Vm
D5D6 D1 D6 D1 D2 D3 D2 D3 D4 D5 D4 D D
5 6
0 ωt
π/6 3π/6 5π/6 7π/6 3π/2 11π/6 2π
i

0 ωt
α β
vL
ωt
0

Fig. : Input-output waveform of uncontrolled three phase bridge rectifier

with motor load. 54
 Three Phase Bridge Rectifier
vi vcb vab vac vbc vba vca vcb

E
0 ωt
2π

vo
3Vm
D5 D6 D1 D6 D1 D2 D3 D2 D3 D4 D5 D4 D5 D6
0 ωt
π/6 3π/6 5π/6 7π/6 3π/2 11π/6 2π
i

( 3Vm-E)/R

0 ωt

Fig. : Input-output waveform of uncontrolled three phase bridge rectifier

3𝑉𝑚
with R-E load when E< . 55
2
 Three Phase Bridge Rectifier
vi vcb vab vac vbc vba vca vcb

E
0 ωt
2π

Lecturer, Dept. of EEE

vo

Md. Abdul Malek

3Vm
D1 D6 D1 D2 D3 D2 D3 D4 D5 D4 D5 D6
D5 D6
0 ωt
π/6 3π/6 5π/6 7π/6 3π/2 11π/6 2π
i

( 3Vm-E)/R
0 ωt

Fig. : Input-output waveform of uncontrolled three phase bridge rectifier

3𝑉𝑚
with R-E load when E> . 56
2
 Three Phase Bridge Rectifier

Fig. : Controlled three phase bridge rectifier.

57
 Three Phase Bridge Rectifier
vi vcb vab vac vbc vba vca vcb
Firing Sequence
𝜋
T1= + 𝛼
6
3𝜋
0 ωt T2=
6
+𝛼
2π 5𝜋
T3= +𝛼
6
7𝜋
vo T4= +𝛼
6
3Vm 3𝜋
T5= +𝛼
2
T5 T6 T1 T6 T1 T2 T3 T2 T3 T4 T5 T4 11𝜋
T5 T6 T6= +𝛼
6
0 ωt
π/6+α 3π/6+α 5π/6+α 7π/6+α 3π/2+α 11π/6+α 2π
i
Md. Abdul Malek
Lecturer, Dept. of EEE
( 3Vm)/R

0 ωt

Fig. : Input-output waveform of controlled three phase bridge rectifier

with R load for α=π/12. 58
 Three Phase Bridge Rectifier
vi vcb vab vac vbc vba vca vcb

0 ωt
2π

vo vcb vab vac vbc vba vca

3Vm
T5 T6 T1 T6 T1 T2 T3 T2 T3 T4 T5 T4
0 ωt
π/6+α 3π/6+α 5π/6+α 7π/6+α 3π/2+α 11π/6+α
i

( 3Vm)/R

0 ωt

Fig. : Input-output waveform of controlled three phase bridge rectifier

with R load for α=π/6. 59
 Three Phase Bridge Rectifier
3Vm
T5 T6 T1 T6 T1 T2 T3 T2 T3 T4 T5 T4
0 ωt
π/6+α 3π/6+α 5π/6+α 7π/6+α 3π/2+α 11π/6+α 2π
ia
( 3Vm)/R
0 ωt

iT1
( 3Vm)/R
0 ωt
iT4
( 3Vm)/R

0 ωt
Fig. : Input-output waveform of controlled three phase bridge rectifier
with R load for α=π/6. 60
 Three Phase Bridge Rectifier
vi vcb vab vac vbc vba vca vcb

0 ωt
2π

vo
vcb vab vac vbc vba vca
T5 T6 T1 T6 T1 T2 T3 T 2 T3 T4 T5 T4
0 ωt
π/6+α 3π/6+α 5π/6+α 7π/6+α 3π/2+α
i

0 ωt

Fig. : Input-output waveform of controlled three phase bridge rectifier

with R load for α=π/4 (π/6< α<π/3). 61
 Three Phase Bridge Rectifier
vi vcb vab vac vbc vba vca vcb
Firing Sequence
𝜋
T1, T6= + 𝛼
6
3𝜋
0 ωt T1, T2= + 𝛼
6
2π 5𝜋
T2,T3= + 𝛼
6
7𝜋
vo T3,T4= + 𝛼
6
vca vcb vab vac vbc vba vca 3𝜋
T4,T5= + 𝛼
T 5 T4 2
11𝜋
T5 T6 T1 T6 T1 T2 T3 T2 T3 T4 T5 T4 T5, T6= +𝛼
6
0 ωt
π/6 3π/6 5π/6 7π/6 3π/2 11π/6 2π
i

ωt
0
Fig. : Input-output waveform of controlled three phase bridge rectifier
with R load for α=π/3. 62
 Three Phase Bridge Rectifier
vi vcb vab vac vbc vba vca vcb
Firing Sequence
𝜋
T1, T6= + 𝛼
6
3𝜋
0 ωt T1, T2= + 𝛼
2π 6
5𝜋
T2,T3= + 𝛼
6
vo 7𝜋
T3,T4= + 𝛼
6
vca vcb vab vac vbc vba vca 3𝜋
T4,T5= + 𝛼
2
11𝜋
T5, T6= +𝛼
0 ωt 6
π/6+α 3π/6+α 5π/6+α 7π/6+α 3π/2+α
i
T 5 T4 T5 T6 T1 T6 T1 T2 T3 T2 T3 T4 T5 T4 Md. Abdul Malek
Lecturer, Dept. of EEE

0 ωt

Fig. : Input-output waveform of controlled three phase bridge rectifier

with R load for π/3< α<π/2. 63
Single Phase Dual Converter

64
Single Phase Dual Converter

65
66