Chapter 6 Tissues

Question 1. What is a tissue?

Answer: A group of cells that are similar in
structure and work together to do a
peculiar function is called tissue.

Question 2. What is the utility of tissues in

multicellular organisms?
Answer: Tissues provide structural strength,
mechanical strength, and show division of
labour.

Question 3. Name types of simple tissues.

Answer: The types of simple tissues are
parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma.

Question 4. Where is apical meristem

found?
Answer: Apical meristem is found at the tip
of root or shoot of the plant.

Question 5. Which tissue makes up the

husk of coconut?
Answer: The husk of coconut is made of
sclerenchymatous tissue.

Question 6. What are the constituents of

phloem?
Answer: Phloem is made up of four types of
elements sieve tube, companion cells,
phloem fibres and phloem parenchyma.

Question 7. Name the tissue responsible

for movement in our body.
Answer: 1. Muscular tissue, 2. Nervous
tissue, combination of both the tissues are
responsible for movement in our body.

Question 8. What does a neuron look like?

Answer: A neuron consists of a cell body
with a nucleus and cytoplasm, from which
long thin hair like parts arise. Each neuron
has a single long part called the axon, and
many small, short branched parts called
dendrite. An individual nerve cell is called
neuron, it may be up to a metre long.
Question 9. Give three features of cardiac
muscles.
Answer: Feature of cardiac muscles
1) Heart muscles (cardiac muscles) are
cylindrical, branched and uninucleated
2) They are striated muscle fibres.
3) They are involuntary muscles, cannot
be controlled by us.

Question 10. What are the functions of

areolar tissue?
Answer: Areolar tissue are connective
tissues found in animal. It is found between
skin and muscles, around blood vessels and
nerves and in the bone marrow.It fills the
space inside the organs, supports internal
organs and helps in the repair of tissues.
Question 11. How many types of elements
together make up the xylem tissue? Name
them.
Answer: The xylem is made up of vessels,
trachieds, xylem fibres and xylem
parenchyma.

Question 12. How are simple tissues

different from complex tissues in plants?
Answer: Simple tissues are made up of one
type of cells which coordinate to perform a
common function.
Complex tissues are made up of more than
one type of cell. All these coordinates to
perform a common function.

Question 13. Differentiate between

parenchyma, collenchyma and
sclerenchyma on the basis of their cell
wall.
Answer:Parenchyma: The cells have thin
cell walls made up of cellulose.
Collenchyma: The cells have cell walls
thickened at the corners due to pectin
deposition.
Sclerenchyma: Their walls are thickened
due to lignin deposition.

Question 14. What are the functions of

stomata?
Answer: The outermost layer of the cell is
called epidermis and is very porous. These
pores are called stomata. These stomata
help in transpiration and exchange of gases.
Question 15. Diagrammatically show the
difference between the three types of
muscle fibres.
Answer:Striated muscles
(1) They are connected to bones (Skeletal
muscles).
(2) They are voluntary muscles.
(3) The cells are long, cylindrical with many
nucleus and are unbranched.
Smooth muscles
(1) They are found in alimentary canal and
lungs.
(2) They are involuntary muscles.
(3) They are spindle in shape and have
single nucleus.
Cardiac muscles
(1) They are found in heart.
(2) They are involuntary in action.
(3) They are branched and have one
nucleus.

Question 16. What is the specific function

of the cardiac muscle?
Answer: (1) Cardiac muscles cells are
cylindrical, branched and uninucleated.
(2) They are involuntary muscles.
(3) They show rhythmic contraction and
relaxation throughout life.
(4) Their rhythmic contraction and
relaxation help in pumping action of heart.
Question 17. Differentiate between
striated, unstriated and cardiac muscles on
the basis of their structure and location in
the body.
Answer:

Question 18. Draw a labelled diagram of

neuron.
Answer:
Question 19. Name the following:
(1) Tissue that forms the inner lining of our
mouth.
(2) Tissue that connect muscle to bone in
humans.
(3) Tissue that transports food in plants.
(4) Tissue that store fats in our body.
(5) Connective tissue with a fluid matrix.
(6) Tissue present in the brain.

Answer:(1) Squamous epithelium (2)

Tendons(3) Phloem (4) Adipose tissue(5)
Blood (6) Nervous tissue

Question 20. Identify the type of tissue in

the following:
Skin, bark of tree, bone, lining of kidney
tubule, vascular bundle.
Answer:(a) Skin—Striated squamous
epithelium
(b) Bark of tree—Cork, protective tissue
(c) Bone—Connective tissue
(d) Lining of kidney tubule—Cuboidal
epithelium tissue
(e) Vascular bundle—Conducting tissue

Question 21. Name the regions in which

parenchyma tissue is present.
Answer: In the pits of the roots and stems.
When it contains chlorophyll, it is called
chlorenchyma, found in green leaves. In
aquatic plants, parenchyma contains large
air cavities and helps them to float. This
type of parenchyma is called aerenchyma.
Question 22. What is the role of epidermis
in plants?
Answer: Cells of epidermis form a
continuous layer without intercellular
spaces. It protects all the parts of plants.
Question 23. How does the cork act as a
protective tissue?
Answer: Cork acts as a protective tissue
because its cells are dead and compactly
arranged without intercellular spaces. They
have deposits of suberin on the walls that
make them impervious to gases and water.

Question 24. Complete the table:

Answer:

Choose the correct option:

1. The cells of cork are dead and have a
chemical in their walls that makes them
impervious to gases and water. The
chemical is.
(a) lignin (b) suberin
(c) cutin (d) wax
2. The flexibility in plants is due to a tissue
called,
(a) chlorenchyma (b)
parenchyma
 (c) sclerenchyma (d)
collenchyma
3. The tissue present in the lining of kidney
tubules and ducts of salivary glands is
(a) squamous epithelium tissue (b)
glandular epithelium tissue
(c) cuboidal epithelium tissue (d)
columnar epithelium tissue
4. The connective tissue that connects
muscle to bone is called
(a) ligament (b) tendon
(d) cartilage (d) areolar
5. The tissue that helps in the movement of
our body are
(a) muscular tissue (b) skeletal
tissue
 (c) nervous tissue (d) all of the
above
6. Monocyte, basophil, eosinophil and
neutrophil are the examples of different
types of
(a) red blood cells (b) white
blood cells
(c) areolar tissue (d) compact
bone
7. The spindle shaped cells, uninucleated
and unbranched are present in muscular
tissue of
(a) striated muscles (b) smooth
muscles
(c) cardiac muscle (d) both (a)
and (b)
8. Sieve tubes and companion cells are
present in
(a) xylem (b) phloem
(c) cork (d) cambium
9. The size of the stem increases in the
width due to
(a) apical meristem (b)
intercalary meristem
(c) primary meristem (d) lateral
meristem
10. Blood and lymph are types of
(a) muscular tissue (b) epithelial
tissue
(c) connective tissue (d)
permanent tissue
11. Cartilage and bone are types of
 (a) muscular tissue (b)
connective tissue
(c) meristematic tissue (d)
epithelial tissue
12. Xylem and phloem are examples of
(a) epidermal tissue (b) simple
tissue
(c) protective tissue (d) complex
tissue
13. A tissue whose cells are capable of
dividing and re-dividing is called
(a) complex tissue (b)
connective tissue
(c) protective tissue (d)
meristematic tissue
14. The tissue that helps in the secretion
and absorption and is found in the inner
lining of the alimentary canal is
(a) ciliated epithelium (b)
cuboidal epithelium
(c) squamous epithelium (d)
columnar epithelium
Very Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1. Name the tissues responsible
for the movement of the body.
Answer: Muscle tissue and nervous tissue

Question 2. How does neuron look like?

Answer: A neuron is the unit cell of nervous
tissue. It is a thread-like structure with a cell
body and axon.
Question 3. Name the types of simple
tissues.
Answer: (a) Parenchyma (b) Collenchyma (c)
Sclerenchyma
Question 4. Name the types of complex
tissues.
Answer: Xylem and phloem.

Question 5. Where is apical meristem

found?
Answer: It is present at the growing tips of
stem and root; it increases the length of the
stem and roots.

Question 6. Which tissue makes up the

husk of coconut?
Answer: Sclerenchyma.
Question 7. What are the constituents of
phloem?
Answer: Phloem constitutes the sieve
tubes, companion cell, phloem parenchyma
and phloem fibers.

Question 8. Define aerenchyma.

Answer: When the cells have air-filled large
cavities of parenchyma, it is called
aerenchyma. Aerenchyma helps aquatic
plants float.

Question 9. What is the utility of tissues in

multicellular organisms?
Answer: It helps in growth, organisation of
different organs and performing functions.
Question 10. Name the two types of
tissues.
Answer: Plant tissues and animal tissues.

Question 11. Name the two types of plant

tissue.
Answer: Meristematic tissue and
permanent tissue.

Question 12. What is differentiation?

Answer: The process of taking up a
permanent shape, size and function by cells
is called differentiation.

Question 13. Name the three types of

meristematic tissues.
Answer: The three types are:
(a) Apical tissue—tips of root and shoot
(b) Lateral tissue—sides of stem
(c) Intercalary tissue—at nodes

Question 14. Where is apical tissue found?

Answer: Present at the tips of roots and
stems.

Question 15. Tissues present at the lateral

surface of the stem are called apical
tissues. Put (T) if true and put (F) if
false.Rewrite the answer if (F).
Answer: (F). Tissues present at the lateral
surface of the stem are called lateral tissue.

Question 16. Which tissues are present at

the nodes of the plants?
Answer: Intercalary tissue.
Question 17. What are the various types of
blood cells?
Answer: There are three types:
(a) RBC’s
(b) WBC’s and
(c) Platelets.

Question 18. What are tracheids?

Answer: They are elongated cells with
tapering ends.

Question 19. What are guard cells?

Answer: Each stomata is bounded by a pair
of specialised kidney-shaped epidermal cells
called guard cells.
Question 20. Epithelial tissue is the
simplest tissue. Write (F) for false or (T) for
true.
Answer: (T).

Question 21. What are the functions of

cuboidal epithelium?
Answer: It helps in absorption, excretion,
secretion, it also provides mechanical
support.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1. Give four differences between
bone and cartilage.
Answer:
Question 2. Give the functions of bone.
Answer: The functions of bone are:
(i) It provides shape to the body.
(ii) It provides skeletal support to the body.
(iii) It anchors the muscles.
(iv) It protects the vital body organs like
brain, lungs, etc.

Question 3. Give the functions of

cartilage...
Answer: (i) It provides support and
flexibility to the body parts.
(ii) It smoothens the surface at joints.

Question 4. Fill in the blanks:

(i) Water and minerals are conducted by
………………….
(ii) In higher plants food is conducted by
……………………..
(iii) Blood is a ……………. tissue.
(iv) Bone consists of………….cells.
(v) Cartilage consists of………………..cells.
(vi) Fibres are absent in………….type of
connective tissue.
Answer: (i) Xylem (ii) Phloem(iii) Connective
(iv) Osteocyte(v) Chondrocyte (vi) Blood

Question 5. What are the functions of

areolar tissue?
Answer: Functions are:
(i) It helps in repair of tissues after an injury.
(ii) It also helps in combating foreign
toxins.
(iii) It fixes skin to underlying muscles.
Question 6. Give the difference between
xylem and phloem.
Answer:

Question 7. What are fibres?

Answer:Fibres consist of very long, narrow
and thick cells. Example, jute fibre.

Question 8. Name the tissues for the

following:
(a) Stores fat in animal body.
(b) Divides and re-divides to grow in
plants.
(c) Tissue that joins hone to hone.
(d) Covers the external surface of animal
body.
Answer: (a) Adipose tissue, (b)
Meristematic tissue, (c) Ligament, (d)
Epithelial tissue.

Question 9. What are stomata?

Answer: Stomata are small pores present
on the surface of a leaf which helps in the
exchange of gases and in transpiration.

Question 10. Why does epidermal tissue

have no intercellular space?
Answer: The epidermal (layer) tissue forms
a protective outer covering for the plants,
and it protects the internal parts of the
plant. It aids in the protection against loss of
water, mechanical injury and invasion by
parasitic fungi.
For this protective role to play the
continuation of cells is necessary, hence it
does not have intercellular space.

Question 11. Name and give the function

of each cell of xylem:
Answer: Xylem consists of tracheids,
vessels, xylem parenchyma and xylem
fibres.
Tracheids and vessels—Allows the transport
of water and minerals.
Xylem parenchyma—Stores food and helps
in the sideways conduction of water.
Xylem fibres—Are supportive in function.

Question 12. What is the function and

location of stratified squamous
epithelium?
Answer: Stratified squamous epithelium is
present in the skin. The layers of cells are
arranged to prevent wear and tear.

Question 13. Give difference between

ligament and tendon.
Answer:

Question 14. Give difference between

striated muscles and unstriated muscles.
Answer:

Question 15. State the difference between

bone and blood.
Answer:

Question 16. Name all different types of

tissues present in animal.
Answer: There are four main types of
tissues present in animal. ‘
(a) Epithelial tissue present on the outer
and inner lining of the body.
(b) Muscular tissue are made up of muscles,
help in movement.
(c) Connective tissue connects the different
organs in the body.
(d) Nervous tissue consists of nerve cells
and are present in the nervous system.

Question 17. Why is blood called

connective tissue?
Answer: The blood is composed of cells and
plasma. Plasma is a fluid and cells like red
blood cells, white blood cells and platelets
are present in it. All these cells are
connected due to plasma. It also transports
food, water to different parts of the body
and connects them.

Question 18. Name three types of muscle

tissues and give function of each.
Answer: Three types of muscle tissues are:
(a) Striated muscle (b) Smooth muscle
(c) Cardiac muscle
(a) Striated muscle: These muscles show
alternate light and dark bands or striations.
They are involuntary and present in skeletal
tissues,helps in movement of body and
bones.
(b) Smooth muscle: These are involuntary
muscles, control the movement of food in
alimentary canal, contraction and relaxation
of blood vessels. Present in iris, uterus etc.
(c) Cardiac muscle: These muscles are
present in the heart, help in the rhythmic
contraction and relaxation throughout the
life.

Question 19. State the difference between

simple tissues of plants.
Answer: The simple tissues of plants are:
(i) Parenchyma (ii) Collenchyma
(iii) Sclerenchyma

Question 20. With the help of diagram

show the difference between striated
muscle fibre, smooth muscle fibre and
cardiac muscle fibre.
Answer:

Question 21. Name different types of

meristematic tissue and draw diagram to
show their location.
Answer: The 3 different types of
meristematic tissue are:
(a) Apical meristem—Function: growth in
length.
(b) Lateral meristem—Function: growth in
thickness.
(c) Intercalary meristem—Function: growth
in intemodes.

Question 22. Explain the structure,

function, and location of nervous tissue.
Answer: Structure: Nervous tissue consists
of cells called nerve cells joined end to end
(neurons). A neuron (nerve cell) consists of
a cell body with nucleus and cytoplasm.
From these cell bodieslong thin hair-like
parts arise called axons and many short,
branched parts called dendrites.
Location: Nervous tissue is present in the
brain, spinal cord and nerves. Function:
Nervous tissue receives the stimuli and
transmits the stimulus rapidly from one
place to another within the body. The nerve
impulse allows us to move our muscles and
respond to any stimuli.

Question 23. Give the flow chart of plant

tissues.
Answer:
 Long Answer Type Questions
Question 1. Write a note on plant tissues.
Answer: Plant tissues consist of two main
types of tissue.

Parenchyma: Present in soft parts of the

plant.
Collenchyma: Provides mechanical support
to plant present in stalks. Sclerenchyma:
They provide strength and flexibility to the
plants.
Xylem: Conduct water in plants from root to
shoot. Consists of tracheids, vessels, xylem
parenchyma and xylem fibres.
Phloem: Conduct food to all parts of plant.
Consist of sieve tubes, companion cell,
phloem parenchyma and phloem fibres.

Question 2. Show the types of animal

tissues using flow chart.
Answer:

Question 3. What is connective tissue?

Explain its types.
Answer:The connective tissue consists of
different types of cells, all of them perform
same function.

Areolar connective tissue: It is found

between the skin and muscles, around
blood vessels and nerves and in the bone
marrow.Areolar tissue fills the space inside
the organs. It supports internal organs and
helps in repair of tissues.
Adipose tissue: Adipose tissue stores fat,
found below the skin and between internal
organs. The cells of this tissue are filled with
fat globules. It acts as insulator due to fat
storage.
Blood: It has a fluid called plasma, in plasma
are present red blood cells, white blood
cells and platelets. Blood flows all over the
body and helps in the transport of gases,
digested food, hormones and waste
material to different parts of the body.
Lymph: Lymph carries digested fat and lot
of white blood cells in the plasma. Bone: It
forms the framework that supports the
body. It supports the different parts of our
body. It is strong and non-flexible tissue.
Cartilage: It is present in nose, ear, trachea
and larynx. It smoothens bone surfaces at
joints.Tendon: It connects bone and
muscles. These tissues are fibrous, flexible
and with lot of strength.
Ligament: It connects bone to ‘bone. It is
elastic, has lot of strength.
Question 4. Describe epidermis’ in plants.
Answer:Epidermis forms the entire
outermost layer of the plant. It is made up
of single cell layer. It protects all the
internal parts of the plant.
On aerial parts, epidermis secretes waxy,
water-resistant layer on their outer surface.
This helps in protection against loss of
water, mechanical injury, and invasion of
parasitic fungi.
In leaves, epidermis consists of small pores
called stomata. These pores help in the
transpiration and exchange of gases, like
oxygen and carbon dioxide for plants.
In roots, epidermis have long hair-like parts
that provide greater surface for water
absorption.
In desert plants, epidermis has a thick waxy
coating of cutin which acts as a water
proofing agent.
Question 5. Explain the “complex tissue” of
plants.
Answer:Complex tissues are made up of
more than one type of cells. All these cells
co-ordinate to perform common function.
These are—xylem and phloem. Both are
conducting tissues and form a vascular
bundle.

Xylem consists of—tracheids, vessels, xylem

parenchyma and xylem fibres. Most of
these cells are dead. Tracheids and vessels
help in water transportation, parenchyma
stores food and helps in the
sidewaysconduction of water and fibres are
mainly supportive in function.

Phloem is made up of four types of

elements—sieve tubes, companion cells,
phloem fibres and phloem parenchyma. It
helps in the transportation of food in both
the directions, i.e., from leaves to roots and
to other parts of the plant.