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Class Notes Data Communication and Computer Network

Data Communication involves the exchange of data between devices using a transmission medium, with key components including sender, receiver, message, transmission medium, and protocols. Computer Networks connect multiple devices for resource sharing and communication, categorized into types like LAN, WAN, MAN, and PAN, and utilize various topologies and protocols for efficient operation. Applications of computer networks include file sharing, resource sharing, communication, e-commerce, and cloud computing.

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16 views2 pages

Class Notes Data Communication and Computer Network

Data Communication involves the exchange of data between devices using a transmission medium, with key components including sender, receiver, message, transmission medium, and protocols. Computer Networks connect multiple devices for resource sharing and communication, categorized into types like LAN, WAN, MAN, and PAN, and utilize various topologies and protocols for efficient operation. Applications of computer networks include file sharing, resource sharing, communication, e-commerce, and cloud computing.

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Data Communication System and Computer Networks - Class Notes

Data Communication System


Definition: Data Communication refers to the process of exchanging data between two or
more devices using a transmission medium.

1. Key Components of Data Communication


- Sender: The device that sends the data (e.g., computer, smartphone).

- Receiver: The device that receives the data.

- Message: The actual information to be communicated (text, audio, video, etc.).

- Transmission Medium: The physical path for data transmission (e.g., coaxial cable, fiber
optics, radio waves).

- Protocol: A set of rules and conventions for communication between devices (e.g., TCP/IP,
HTTP).

2. Characteristics of Data Communication


- Delivery: Ensures that the message reaches the correct recipient.

- Accuracy: Data must be delivered without errors.

- Timeliness: Data should be delivered within an acceptable time frame.

- Jitter: Refers to the variation in packet arrival times, especially critical in real-time data
(e.g., video streaming).

Computer Networks
Definition: A Computer Network is a system that connects multiple devices to share
resources (data, hardware, or software) and communicate efficiently.

1. Types of Networks
- LAN (Local Area Network): Covers a small geographic area (e.g., home, office). High speed
and relatively low cost.

- WAN (Wide Area Network): Covers a large geographic area (e.g., internet). Connects
multiple LANs via routers.

- MAN (Metropolitan Area Network): Covers a city or large campus. Acts as a middle ground
between LAN and WAN.

- PAN (Personal Area Network): Short-range communication (e.g., Bluetooth, hotspots).


2. Network Topologies
- Bus Topology: Single central cable connects all devices. Easy to install but prone to
collisions.

- Star Topology: Devices are connected to a central hub. Reliable but hub failure affects the
network.

- Ring Topology: Devices form a circular structure. Each device connects to two others,
forming a ring.

- Mesh Topology: Every device connects to every other device. Highly reliable but expensive.

- Hybrid Topology: Combination of two or more topologies.

3. Protocols
- HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol): Governs data exchange over the web.

- FTP (File Transfer Protocol): Transfers files between systems.

- SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol): Used for email transmission.

- TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol): Core protocol of the internet.

- DNS (Domain Name System): Resolves domain names into IP addresses.

4. Applications of Computer Networks


- File Sharing: Share files among connected devices.

- Resource Sharing: Share hardware like printers and storage.

- Communication: Enables email, messaging, and video conferencing.

- E-commerce: Online transactions and payments.

- Cloud Computing: Access and store data remotely.

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