ee EERE EEE IEEE EE EID EI EI IDI IDI EI IDI ID II II III II II IID IEEE EO ET | 6 International Trade Fastracl« Revision > Changes in international Trade > There is an increase in volume, but the value of import exceeds the value of export. > The trade imbalance has increased, > Its owing to an increase in the price of petroleum. > Changing Pattern of the Composition of India’s Exports > agriculture and related products have lost share. > Petroleum's proportion of the market has risen, > The proportion of ore-minerals and manufactured Items has remained relatively stable. > Tough worldwide competition Is to blame for the decline in traditional goods. > Coffee, spices, pulses and tea are all on the decline, > Floriculture, marine products, sugar and fresh frults are all on the rise > Manufacturing accounted for 73.6 per cent ofthe total value of export in 2016-17. > Exports of engineering goods have increased, ‘Our competitors are China and East Aslan countries. > Gems and Jewellery accounted For a significant portion cf international trade. > Changing Pattern of the Composition of India's Import > Previously, we imported foodgrains, capital goods and ‘machines. > Foodgrain imports ceased after 1970. > Fertilisers and Fuel played a key impact. > Machines, edible oils and chemicals are also avallable. > Capital goods have been gradually increasing > Food products have been reduced > Pearis and precious stones as well as gold and sliver, play an important role. > Direction of Trado > India has trade relations with most of the countries and ‘major trading blocks of the world Region-wise and sub-regionwise trade during the period 2016-17 has been given in the following table. Imports Region 2010-11 2016-17 Europe 323857 403972 Africa 119612 193327 North America 100602 195332 Latin America 64876 118762 Asiaand ASEAN | 1029881 1844520 > India alms to double Its share In the International trade within the noxt Five years. > Most of India's Forelgn trade Is carried through sea and alr routes, > A small portion is also carried through land route to neighbouring countries like Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Pakistan, > Sea Ports as Gateways of international Trade > India Is surrounded on three sides by water. > The langast stretch of coastline (7516.5 km) > Water's the mostcost-efFactivemode of transportation, > There are more soaports on the west coast than on the east coast, > Sea routes account for the majority of International trade, > The Central Government has jurisdiction over the major ports. Minor parts are administered by several State Governments. > There are 12 major ports and 185 minor ports in the country, > The majority ofthe ports have sophisticated amenities, > Sea Ports as Gateways of International Trade » Kandla: + Located In the Gulf oF Kutch + Kandla was bullt to relieve pressure on the Mumbal port + Special facilites are avallable for petroleum + The offshare Vadinar is being built to relieve the strain on this port > Mumbi Natural harbour + Country’ largest port + Suited For importing commodities from Middle Eastern countries + 20kmlang and 10 km wide > Nhava Sheva (Jawaharlal Nehru Port): * Located at Nhava Seva + Largest after completion + Developed to decrease burden on Mumbal port + New Mangalore Port * Located in Karnataka coast Specialised to export of iran ore + Also exports Fertilisers, tea, wood pulp yarn > Mormugao Port: # Located at the estuary of Zuatl river + Natural harbour + Iron ore is exported to Japan + Konkan rallway brought large hinterlandee EERE EEE IEEE EE EID EI EI IDI IDI EI IDI ID II II III II II IID IEEE EO ET > New Mangalore Port: + It is located in the state of Karnataka and caters to the needs of the export of iron-ore and Iron: concentrates. + It handles fertilisers, petroleum products, edible oils, coffee, tea, wood pulp, yarn, granite stone, molasses, ete + Karnataka Is the major hinterland For this port > Cochin (Kochi): © Located at the Vembanad kayal + Queen of Arabian sea + Natural harbour + Close to Suez canal > Kolkata: + Located on the Huai river bank + Located 128 km away from sea coast + Developed by British + Paradip and Haldia decreased the pressure «silt accumulation isthe problem ‘= Large hinterland + Extond port Faciltles to other countries, > Haldia Port: *# Located 105 downstream of Hugll *# Developed to burden on Kolkata ‘© Handles iron ore , cargo Fertilisers, jute products > Paradip Port: * Located on Mahanadl delta © 100 km from Cuttack + Deepest harbour + Handle large vessels + Developed to iron ore > Vishakhapatnam Port: + Landlocked harbour + Connected tothe sea through channel + An outer harbour is developed to help this port + Ithandles iron ore, petroleum cargo > Chennai: + Oldest port developed by British + Artificial harbour + Not suitable For large ships > Ennore: + Newly developed port in Tamil Nadu + Located 25 km North of Chennal + Developed to decrease burden on Channal port > Tutlcorin Port: + Newly developed port in Chennai + tt handles variety of cargo: coal, salt, edible oils, petroleum and foodgrain + Developad to decrease pressure on Chennal port > Alrports > Airtransport plays animportantrole inthe international trade, > Its very costly and unsultabla For carrying heavy and bulky commodities. > There were 25 major airports functioning in the country. (Annual Report 2016-17) > major aitports are Ahmedabad, Bengaluru, Chennai, Delhi, Goa, Guwahati, Hyderabad, Kolkata, Mumbai, Thirwvananthapuram, Srinagar, Jalpu, Calicut, Nagpur Coimbatore, Cochi, Lucknow, Pune, Chandigarh, Mangaluru, Vishakhapatnam, Indore, Patna, Bhubaneswar and Kannur. x Practice Exercise ‘Q) Multiple choice Questions (QL. What was the cause of the decrease in foodgrain imports? a, Green revolution b. Dectine in population Decrease in the birth rate dd. Import duty Q2 Which country is India's most important tra partner? a. Britain . China c USA . Paldstan 93. India has important ports. a6 bB 10 an Q4. What aspect of India’s foreign trade has changed? a. Amount . Composition Direction d. Allof these QS. What Is the capacity of Indian ports in terms of cargo handling (million tonnes)? a. 100 300 < 500 4.700 6. Nhava Sheva port is located in which state? a. Gularat b. Goa Maharashtra d. Karnataka Q7. What is the main export from the ports of New Mangalore? a Coal bron ore © Copper Mica 8. What port Is known as the (Queen of the Arabian Sea? 2, Mangalore b. Kochi Mumbai Kandla 99. When was the port of Chennai built? 21639 = bd 1859. 1869 Q10. Trade between two countries is termed a5 .nne- a. Internal trade bb. external trade International traded. lacal trade QL. Consider the following statements and choose the correct answer with the help of given options: ‘Statement I: Haldia port is located 105 km downstream from Kolkata, eev below Que. as. qua, aus. que. qu. EERE EEE IEEE EE EID EI EI IDI IDI EI IDI ID II II III II II IID IEEE EO ET ee Statement Il: It has been constructed to reduce the congestion at Kolkata port. a. Both the statements are true, statement ll does rnot explains the statement | b. Both the statements are true and statement I correctly explains the staternent | Both statements | and Ilare false d. Statement lis true and statement I is false Assertion & Reason type Questions y Directions (Q, Nos. 12-17): in the following questions given there are two statements marked as Assertion (A) ond ‘Reason (RJ. Read the statements and choose the cosrect option: a. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) isthe correct explanation of (A). ». Both (A) and (R) are true, but (Rls not the correct explanation of (A) c (A) is true. but (®) I false 4. (A) Is false, but (A) Is true ‘Assertion (A): Nagpur plan was drawn in 1943 and it could not be implemantod. Reason (R): It could not be implemented because ‘of lack of coordination among the princely states and British India, ‘Assertion (A):The capacity of Indlan ports increased from 20 million tonnes of cargo handling in 1951 to more than 837 million tonnes in 2016, Reason (R): The ports are developed modernlsed by the government agencles only. Assertion (A): After the 1970s, foodgrain import was discontinued. Reason (R): India had succeeded In the Green Revolution programme. Assertion (A): Mumbal Is a natural harbour and the biggest port of the country. Reason (R): Kandla port has been developed as a major port to cater to the needs of western and North western parts of the country and also to reduce the pressure at Mumbai port. Assertion (A): Kandla port Is popularly known as the Queen of the Arabian Sea! Reason (R):This port has an advantageous locaton being close to the Suez-Colombe route. Assertion (A): Airport has the advantage of taking the least time for carriage and handling high value ‘or perishable goods over long distances. Reason (R): It is very costly and unsuitable for carrying heavy and bulky commodities. Answers} v and 1G) 20 3 40) 50 60 20) 80) 93 WO (0) la) BG) Hf). (b) 16. (0) 12. (0) Passage 1 Read the passage given below and answer the q. ga Q3. Qa Passage Based Questions y questions that follow by appropriate option India is surrounded by sea from three sides and is. bestowed with a long coastline, Water provides a stnooth surface for very cheap transport provided there is no turbulence. India has a long tradition ‘of seafaring and developed many ports with place names suffixed with pattan meaning port. An interesting fact about ports in India is that its west const has more ports than its east coust. Though ports have been in use since ancient times, the emergence of ports as gateways of international trade became important after the coming of the European traders and colonisation of the country by the British. This led to the variation in the size and quality of ports. There are some ports which have a very vast area of influence and some have limited area of influence. At present, India has 12 major ports and 200 minor or intermediate ports. In the case of the major ports, the central government decides the policy and plays regulatory funetions. The minor ports are there whose policy und functions aro regulated by state governments. The major ports handle a larger share of the total traffic. choosing the most What Is the meaning of pattan? a. Parts bs. Coastline © Rocks d, None of these ‘Tho emergence of ports as gateways of international trade became important after the ‘coming of the ....n traders. a Belgian b. French «British d. European There are .aeme Major ports in India. ap bi cz an Consider the following sentences: Statement I: In the case of the major ports, the central government decides the policy and plays regulatory functions. ‘Statement I: The minor ports are there whose policy and functions are regulated by state governments. ‘Both | and il are correct b. Both | and are incorrect. «. Only is correct. 4. Only lis correct Answers} v 1) 2 320 4@EERE EEE IEEE EE EID EI EI IDI IDI EI IDI ID II II III II II IID IEEE EO ET Passage 2 a Ans. gz. Ans. Qs. Ans. Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow Mumbai is a natural harbour and the biggest port Of the country. The port is situated closer to the ‘general routes from the countries of the Middle East, Mediterranean countries, North Africa, North America und Europe where the major share of the country’s overseas trade is carried out. The port is 20 km long and 6-10 km wide with 54 berths and has the country’s largest oil terminal. M.P,, Maharashtra, Gujarat, U.P. and parts of Rajasthan constitute the main hinterlands ‘of Mumbai ports, What do you know about Mumbal port? ‘Mumbai is a natural harbour and the biggest port of the country. The port is 20 km long and 6-10 km \wide with 54 berths and has the countrys largest alt. terminal Which countries oversoas trade Is carried out through Mumbai port? Countries Uke the Middle East. Mediterranean countries. North Africa. North America and Europe overseas trade is carried out through Mumbai port What is the main hinterland of Mumbal port? MP. Maharashtra. Gujarat-UP.and parts of Rajasthan constitute the main hinterlands of Mumbai port. Passage 3 Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow ‘The British used the ports as suction points of the resources from their hinterlands. The extension of railways towards the interior facilitated the linking of the local markets to regional markets, regional markets to national markets and national markets to the international markets. This trend continued till 1947. It was expected that the country’s Independence would reverse the process, but the partition of the country snatched away two very important ports, ie, Karachi port went to Pakistan and Chittagong port to the erstwhile East Pakistan and now Bangladesh. To compensate for the losses, many new ports, like the Kandla in the West and the Diamond Harbour near Kolkata on river Hugli in the East were developed. Despite this major setback, Indian ports continued to grow after Independence, Today, Indian ports are handling large volumes of domestic, as well as, overseas trade. Most of the ports are equipped with modern infrastructure Previously, the development and modernisation was the responsibility ofthe government agencies, q. Ans. a2 Ans. Qs. Ans. but considering the increase in function and need to bring these ports at par with the international ports, private entrepreneurs have been invited for the modernisation of ports in India. The capacity of Indian ports increased from 20 million tonnes of cargo handling in 1951 to more than 837 million tonnes in 2016. How did the British use the ports of India? The British used the ports as suction points of the resources from thelr hinterlands. The extension of ‘allways towards the interlor facilitated the linking, Cf the local markets to raglonal markets, regional ‘markets to notional markets and national markets. to the international markets, Which two important ports were snatched away from India after partition? The two Important ports that were snatched away from India are Karachi and Chittagong Karachi port went te Pakistan and Chittagong port to the erstwhile East Pakistan and now Bangladesh Who is responsible for the development and ‘modernisation of Indian ports? Previously, the development and modernisation was the responsiblity of the gavernment agencies, but considering the increase in function and need to bring these ports at par with the international ports, private entrepreneurs have been invited for the ‘modernisation of ports in ina -@ Very Short Answer type Questions qn Ans. ge Ans a3. Ans. a4. Ans Qs Ans. a6 Ans. 7. Ans. ee Name a new Tamil Nadu port. Tuticorin. What is the difference between India’s Import and, export trade? 25.40.8108 crore Name two major groups of Indian imports. Fuel and Raw-material minerals Name the satelite port that was built to relieve the burden on Mumba's port. ‘Nhava Sheva (Jawaharlal Nehru Port Which eight western countries receive India's exports? Germany, United Kingdom, Belgium, Italy, France. ‘Netherlands. Spain and Switzerland. Name Indla’s oldest artficlal seaport. Chennai Is Indias oldest artificial seaport. t was constructed in 1859, What is the value of India's negative trade balance in 20117 540818 crore eeee EERE EEE IEEE EE EID EI EI IDI IDI EI IDI ID II II III II II IID IEEE EO ET 8. What was the entire value of India's exports in 20112 Ans, 1142649 crore. Q9. What was the value of Inc 2010-117 ‘Ans. The whole amount is ® 28.74.60 crore. 10. What is the total number of India's major ports? ‘Ans. There are 12 majar parts and 200 minor ports. foreign trade in -) Short Answer Type Questions sy QL Explain how the ‘size of population’ and the stage of ‘economic development’ aro the basis of international trade. (cose 2022-28) oR ‘What is the need for International trade? ‘Ans. ‘The needs of International trade are as follows: (0) AS no country is self-sufficient. international trade's advantageous (i) I.uses exports and imports to bridge the gap between surplus ond deficit regions. (ii) Countries “must _trade_in_order_to_obtain commodities that they cannot manufacture or purchase at a lower cost elsewhere (Ww) tals countees in preserving thle spectaUsation in goods and services production (\) It improves international_understanding and collaboration, (v) It Was Important in the early stages of cultural transmission 2 What factors are responsible for the change in nature of international trade? ‘Ans. The factors responsible far the change In nature of International trade are: (0 Over time, India’s forelgn trade has undergone ‘numerous transformations, (W) The total volume of Imports and exports increased. but the value of imparts remained greater. (ti) Agriculture _and_related_products_have lost ‘market share. while petroleum has gained. (iv) The growth in the deficit is due to the rise in the price of crude petroleum, which is a major component of inala's import Ust Q3. What initiatives have been taken In India to ‘modernise its ports? ‘Ans, ‘The following Initiative have been taken in India to modernise its ports are: (i) Indian ports now handle a huge volume of bath domestic and international trade (i) The majority of the ports have contemporary Infrastructure. (ii) Previously, government agencies were responsible for port development and modernisation, But. due to a grovth In function and the need to bring ‘these ports up to International standards. private entrepreneurs have been asked to particlpate In port modernisation in India, (Q4, Examine the role of Inland Waterways Authority of India, Explain why inland water transport is an important mode of transport? (case 2016) ‘Ans. Tho role of inland Waterways Authority of India are: (\) The Inland Waterways Authority of India was set pin 1986, (i) feos set-up for the development. maintenance and_regulation of National Waterways Inthe country. (i) The Authority has declared three inland waterways as National Waterways (iv) fehas also identified ten other inland waterways, which can be upgraded Importance of inland water transport canbe understood fram the following points: () It is Suitable for Carrying Bulky Goods: It can carry much larger quantities of heavy and bulky {goods such as coal and timber at tle cost (i) It Carries both Cargo and Passengers: Water transport 15 capable of carrying both cargo as well as passenger load at any given point of time (its the Cheapest Mode of Transport Rivers are a natural highway which does not require cost of Construction and maintenance. Even the cost of ‘onstruction and maintenance of canals is much less or they are used not only for wanspart purposes but also for Frigation etc. Moreover. the cost operation of the inland water transport Is very low. (iv) tts Eco-friendly: tis eco-friendly asthe amount of pollution created waterways is very less than that created by other means of transportation. 5. Give two causes for the widening gap between the value of India's import and export commerce. ‘Ans. The causes for the widening gap between the value of Indias import and export commerce. ()) The value of imports was 71683467 crore in 2010-1, while the value of exports was 1142649 crore, resulting ina disparity of 7 540,818 crore. The disparity between import and export values has expanded. resulting in a worsening trade imbalance. (i) There are two key causes for this situation: The Firstis a plobal price increase and the second is the indian rupee's diminishing value inthe global market. Slow development in export is also due toslow growth in output. rising domestic demand {and fierce competition in the global market.ee EERE EEE IEEE EE EID EI EI IDI IDI EI IDI ID II II III II II IID IEEE EO ET Ports are the trade's entry polnts Discuss. Ans. The word part is derived from the Latin word porta: which _means ‘portal’ Ports serve 2s a countrys entry point because they handle bath exports and imports. As a result. ports are known as commerce gateways Ports serve as gateways for international trade! Explain. Ans, Indla's sea ports sorve asa focal polnt for its overseas trade_On the one hand. they serve as collection Stations for commodities from the hlntertond for further transportation to International destinations while on the other, they serve as receiving points for forelgn consigamonts arriving In India for dlstrfoution in the country’ Interior. 8. Explain why petroleum and petroleum products have become a larger part of Indies import trade. ‘Ans, ‘The most significant positive davolopment accurred in the petroleum and petroleum product sector \which Increased by 23.8% paints bonwoen 1860 and 2001, These commodities contributed for anly 6.25% of total import value In 1860-61 but they increased 10 19.2% in 1973-74 and 26% In 2004-05. This quick expansian vas primarily due to rising prices rather than increased volume. The price af crude petraleurn was rolsed multiple times by oll producing and exporting countries in 1974, AS a result. the cost of petroleum has skyrocketed. Q9. In Indias import trade, the importance of manufactured commodities and raw materials has decreased. Explain. Ans. Manufactured items have Ukewise lost thelr value Jute _tomiles, cotton tertiles. leather goods and iron and steel products are among the worst hit iter in the crude material group had e significant drop. The fall in crude rubber, wood. timber. textlle fibres and ferrous minerals has been porticularl noticeable in this group. This was attributable to the fact that domestic production ofthese praducts has increased Q7. Q10. Define the term trade’ in your own words. Describe the differences between rural and urban marketing centres. Ans. Trade Is defined as the purchase and selling of (goods made elsewhere. Profits the goal ofthe trade Services. All of this activity takes place in towns and Gibes, which are referred to as commerce centres. () Rural Marketing Centres: These faciities serve \ocal_communities. These are _semburban ‘reas. Personal and professional services are tunderdevelopedin this area, These serve as local collection and distribution hubs. The majority of these have both mandis and retailing centres, ‘These provide commodities in demand by rural people (i) Urban Marketing Centres: These are centres that provide urban services. These businesses provide specialised goods and services, These are stores that sell produced goods. Labour, housing and semi-finished goods markets are all held. These offer educational services, as wel a5 lawyers. Consultants. physicians, dentists and veterinary professionals. QL Explain the Kolkata ports hinterland, Ans, The hinterlandis @ sphere of influence that is tightly linked to the port via roads and trains. The praducts ‘of this region are shipped to the part for expart and Imported goods are sold and consumed here. The Hugl river, which provides a route to the sea, is also clogged with sit, which poses a difficulty for Kolkata port. Its hinterland includes Uttar Pradesh, 6 Jharkhand, West Bongal, Sidim and the states of the North-Enst, in addition. it provides port facilities to our neighbouring landlocked countries. such as Nepal and @hutan. 12. Describe the features of Kandla port. Ans, Kandla port has the following features: (V) Location: Kandla port located at the mouth of the Gulf of Kuchchh, has been constructed as a major port to serve the needs of the countrys western and North-Western regions, as well as to relieve congestion at Mumbal’s port (W) Goods Handled: The port was bullt specically to recelve enormous amounts of petroleum. petroleum products and fertliser. The offshore terminal at Vadinar was built to relleve the strain ‘on Kandla’s port. (lll) Hintertand: The hinterlands boundary Is difficult to define because its nat xed In space. In most Circumstances, the hinterland of ane port may overlap with the hinterland of another. Q Long Answer tse Questions QL In recent years, India’s international trade has changed dramatically. Discuss. Ans. India has trade links with al of the main trading blacs 2s well as all of the world's geographical areas. culture and associated products (10%), ores ‘and minerals (As). gems and jewellery, chemical and related products. manufactured goods (12% and petroleum products (125) are_among the export commodities with a substontlal share over the last several years (17%). Petroleum and coal petroleum products account for (31%) of India's imports, followed by pearls and precious stones (10%), inorganic chemicals (5.258) and machinery (2.56%). Other Imports include fertilisers, grains.edible lls and newsprint. in the previous fifteen jears, International ade has changed dramatically. The interchange of information and knowledge has ‘urpassed the exchange of commodities and goods ‘At the worldwide level, India has emerged as a Software behemoth It earns alot of maney in foreign exchange by exporting information technology. 2. Describe the changes in India's export composition, Ans. India's export camposition are as follows (i) Agriculture and allied products have lost ground in terms of market share, Traditional exports of coffee, spices, tea, legumes and other foods are ‘on the dectine, Gl) Because of rising petroleum prices and growing ‘refining capacity in india. the share of petroleum 94. What do you know about the ports in western coast? ‘Ans. The main ports in western coast are as follows: (i) Kandla: It is situated at the mouth of the Kuchchh Gulf ts a tidal port that's expected to take Karach’s place. It's natural and secure harbour with access to NorthWest India's large ‘and fertile hinterland At Vadinar, an offshore terminal has bean Constructed. It has the ‘capability of recelving large ships. It’s on the way ta the Suez Canal. Petroleum, chemicals, fertilisers and machinery are amang the most ‘common Imports. Salt. sugar, cement and cotton items are the country’s principal exports. (i) Mumbai: tt located _on_an_ island that_is connected to the muinland. For Historical ‘and crude products has increased. {li) From 1997-98 ta 2003-04, tho porcentage of ore and minerals has stayed relatively steady, (iv) Inthe year 2003-04, manufacturingitems wore the most exported (75.96%), Fruits. marine products ‘and sugar howe all grown thelr percentage share of other commodities, (¥) Engineering goods make up the majority of the ‘export list. Crude oll and petroleum products are also prominent on the Uist {vi) Que to competition from China and other Aslan ‘countries, the textile sector has not been able to ‘achieve much despite the government’ Uiberat efforts 3. Describe how the composition of India's Imports has changed over time. ‘Ans. India's imports are made up of the following items: (i) Foodgrains were the most important Imports in the 1950s and 19605 because India was experlencing a food crisis atthe time. (i) Because of the Green Revolution foodgrainimports ‘eased in the 1970s, (ii) Eertisers and gasoline have taken the place of foodgrains (Iv) Because itis utlsed as both 3 fuel and an industrial aw material. petroleum is the most imported commodity (¥) Imports of capital goods such as non-electrical machinery. transportation equipment. machines ‘and tools have increased. (vi) Edible oils and special_steel_alloys are also imported (vi) Pulse precious gold and silver. metal_ores scraps and electronic equipment are among the ‘other main imports EERE EEE IEEE EE EID EI EI IDI IDI EI IDI ID II II III II II IID IEEE EO ET ee ‘reasons, Mumbal has daveloped as a port. The {growth of the country was largely influanced by Britch colonial ambitions eis India's anty natural deep-water harbour. It has a 20 klometre long ‘and 10 kilometre wide port Through the Suez Canal It ls connected to Eurape. It features a productive black catton soll ‘region in the hinterland. Itis a large and secure harbour with ample natural amenities for large Ships. contains 54 ports anda large numbar of warehouses. I's also known as India's ‘Gateway! {eis India's mast major Industrial and cornmerclal ity. Its maln exports include textiles. oll seeds hides and skins and manganese. Machinery. fuel raw films, fertilisers. paper and medications are among the items imported. At Nhava Sheva, a new mechanised port is being bullt. I is inda's largest container part (Jawaharlal Nehru port) (i) Mormugao: This port is lacated on an estuary on Goa's west coast 1s large natural harbor witha {ot of depth, Goo. Maharashtca and Karnataka are all part of Its hinterland. ron ore. groundnut and ‘manganese are the principal exports. Machines land manufactured goods are among the items imported. ts development has been aided by the Konkan Railway. (iv) New Mangalore: It fs located in Karmatake and 1s used to export iron ore, ferllsers coffee, tea fara and other products (v) Cochin (Kochi: is known as the Arabian Seas Queen, Lagoons have created a vast sheltered backwater. Its a natural. deep and safe harbour iklies on the way to Australi and the for East. is a major naval base as well as a shipyard. Tea coffee, cashew nuts, rubber. pepper. cardamom ‘and cotton items are also prominent exports Ol, fertilisers, machinery and coal are among the items Imported.ee EERE EEE IEEE EE EID EI EI IDI IDI EI IDI ID II II III II II IID IEEE EO ET QS. “Pipelines are the most convenient and efficient ‘mode of transporting liquids and gases over long e the statement. (€BSE2022, Term2) ‘Ans. Pipelines _are_convenlent_and_best_means_of transporting liguids and gases over long distances. OW india Limited (OIL) under the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural_Gas_Is responsible for ‘@xploration. productian and transportation of crude cll and natural gas. distances in India." Exa ‘Advantages of pipeline transportation are: (i) They are ideally sulted to transport the liquids and gases and solds in slurry form. (i They can be ald through afficut eorrains as well a undor water. (ui) tcinvolves vory \ow anergy consumption (Wu) tel safe, accident froa and environment frond. (v) Ie nceds urtle maintenance Olsadvantages of pipeline transportation are (i) tis not Mexibe Le. i can be used anly for afew fixed points (i its capacity cannot be increased ance itis lad (i) Underground pipelines cannot be easly repaired and detection of leakage ig also afficult (jv) itis difficult to make security arrangements for Ans, (2. Locate the major airports on the following map. Q3. Locate and Label the geographical features on the political outline map of india with appropriate, symbols: (A) An important sea port in Andra Pradesh. (8) An international airport in Kerala. (case sop 2023.20) pipelines. -@ Map Based Questions w QL Locate the major sea ports of India, on the map. Ans. Ans. INDIA scoreEEE EEE EEE EEE EEE EEE EEE EEE EE EEE EEE EIDE EEE EEE EE EE DEED EE EEE IEE EEE EEE EE EDIE EIEI EIEIO IEE x Chapter Test Multiple Choice Questions QL What port is known as the ‘Queen of the Arabian Sea’? ‘a. Mangalore b.Kochi c Mumbai Kandla Q2. India has 1 important ports, a6 be 10 a2 Assertion and Reason Type Questions Directions (Q.Nos.34): n the following questions give below, there are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct option: a. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct ‘explanation of (A), 'b. Both (A) and (R} are true. but (A) Is not the correct explanation of (A). ¢ (A) Is true, but (Rs false, 4. (A) is false, but (Ris true. 3. Assertion (A): Nagpur plan was drawn In 1943 and it could not be implemented. Reason (R): It could not be implemented because of lack of coordination among the princely states and British India. 4. Assertion (A):The capacity of Indian portsincreased from 20 million tonnes of cargo handling in 1954 to more than 837 million tonnes in 2016. Reason (R): The ports are developed and modernised by the government agencies only. Passage Based Question QS. Read she passage given below and answer the questions that follow: 1 British used the ports as suction points of the resources from their hinterlands. The extension of railways towards the interior facilitated the linking of the local markets to regional markets, regional markets fo national markets and national markets to the international markets. This trend continued till 1947. It was expected that the country’s Independence would reverse the process, but the partition of the country snatched away two very important ports, ie. Karachi port went to Pakistan and Chittagong port to the ‘erstwhile East Pakistan and now Bangladesh, To compensate for the losses, many new ports, like the Kandla in the West and the Diamond Harbour near Kolkata on river Hugli in the East were developed. Despite this major setback, Indian ports continued to grow afer Independence Today, Indian ports are handling large volumes of domestic, as well as, overseas trade, Most of the ports are equipped with modem infrastructure. Previously, the development und modernisation ‘was the responsibility of the governmentagencies, but considering the increase in function and need to bring these ports at par with the international ports private entrepreneurs have been invited for the modernisation of ports in India. The cupacity of Indian ports inereased from 20 million tonnes of cargo handling in 1951 to more than 837 million tonnes in 2016. (i) How did the British use the ports of India? (ii) Which two important ports were snatched away from India after partition? (ii) Who is responsible for the development and modernisation of Indian ports? Very Short Answer Type Questions Q6. Which elght Western countries receive India's exports? 7. Name India's oldest artificial seaport. Short Answer Type Questions Q8. Explain the Kolkata port’ hintertand. Q9. In Indias import trade, the importance of manufactured commodities and raw materials has decreased. Explai Long Answer Type Question Q10. Describe how the composition of India’s imports has changed over time. ee