EE 351: SMART GRID TECHNOLOGIES
Lecture on:Electric grid, Utility, Supply guarantee, power
quality
Dr Anil K Naik
Assistant Professor
Department of Electrical Engineering
National Institute of Technology, Warangal, India
1
STTP on Smart Grid Technology
Defining the Electric Grid
“An electrical grid or power grid, is an interconnected network for
delivering electricity from producers to consumers”.
The traditional electric power grid connected large central generating
stations through a high voltage (HV) transmission system to a
distribution system that directly fed customer demand.
2
Defining the Electric Grid…….Contd
Ove the last hundred years, there have been considerable
technological advances for the bulk power grid.
The power grid has been continually updated with new technologies
including:
• Increased efficient and environmentally friendly generating sources
• Power electronics in the form of HV direct current (HVDC) and
flexible alternating current transmission systems (FACTS)
• Advancements in computerized monitoring, protection, control, and
grid management techniques for planning, real-time operations, and
maintenance
• Methods of demand response and energy-efficient load
management.
3
Industrial revolutions
4
Historical events in INDIA
• The first demonstration of electric light in Calcutta was conducted in
24th July 1879.
• The first hydro electric installation in INDIA was installed near to a
tea estate at Sidrapong for the Darjeelling municipality 1897.
• The first hydro power station in J&K was established at Mohra in
Baramulla by Maharaja Pratap Singh.
• The first electric train ran between BOMABY Victoria terminus and
Kurla along the harbor line.
5
Historical events in INDIA
6
Electrical status in INDIA
• Since inception of independent modern India, we have come a long
way in every sector of business and society.
• In 1947 per capita consumption is 16kWh, now our demand has
grown almost 80 times to 1,181 kWh (2019).
• We enhanced our installed capacity– from 1,362 MW in 1947 to
446,190 (MW) June 2024.
• and we are on the verge of becoming an energy surplus state with
respect to per capita and peak demand.
Note: India has met a record maximum power demand of 250 GW on
May 30, 2024, breaking the previous record of 211856 MW
7
Power Grid regions INDIA
8
Definition for Utility
Electric utilities provide the framework from which electricity is
generated and ultimately delivered to customers.
A corporation, agency, or other legal entity that owns and/or operates
facilities for the generation, transmission, distribution or sale of
electricity primarily for use by the public.
The electric utility industry is undergoing massive shifts from fossil
fuels towards renewable energy.
An electric utility, or a power company, is a company in the electric
power industry that engages in electricity generation and distribution
of electricity for sale generally in a regulated market.
9
HVAC and HVDC transmission system in INDIA
The first HVDC link to be
commissioned in the country
was Rihand-Dadri in 1991.
Talcher-Kolar transmission
link, India – 1,450km The
500kV HVDC transmission
line Talcher-Kolar is also
known as the East-South
transmission link
Source: Internet
Power quality
The IEEE Defines power quality as the ability of a system or an equipment to
function satisfactorily in its electromagnetic environment without introducing
intolerable electromagnetic disturbances to anything in that environment
A good power quality refers to constant voltage and frequency within the
prescribed range during all operations
Source: Internet 11
Causes of Power Quality
• Power quality problems arises due to non-linear loads, switching
operations, highly sensitive equipment, interconnection of power systems
etc.
• Non-linear nature of load produces harmonics in the system.
• It creates overheating of electrical equipment which results a voltage
variation in the system.
• Electrical isolation is required to prevent the equipment from these
disturbances. In the interconnected power system, these disturbances or
power quality problems i.e. harmonics, flicker are spread in the Grid.
• Weather conditions like lightning, storm and heavy rains are also creates
power quality issues like flickering, voltage sag/ swell, impulsive and
oscillatory transient.
Source: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10006587 12
Sources of Power Quality Problem
Source: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10006587 13
Classification of Power Quality
Source: Internet 14
Power quality issues classification based on IEEE1159 standard
Source: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10006587 15
Power Quality……..Contd
Source: Internet 16
Details of Various Power Quality Parameters
Source: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10006587 17
Details of Various Power Quality Parameters….Contd
Source: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10006587 18
Details of Various Power Quality Parameters…Contd
Source: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10006587 19
Power Quality Issues and their Mitigation Methods
Source: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10006587 20
Power Quality Mitigation Techniques
Source: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10006587 21
Power Quality and Supply Guarantee
Power quality issues directly or indirectly affect significantly in the form of
financial loss due to process interruption, production loss, equipment damage,
loss of important data, wastage of raw material.
Different industries and commercials like pharmaceutical and banking, are badly
affected by long duration power outage due to poor power quality issues.
Source: Internet 22
Power Quality and Supply Guarantee
Source: Internet 23
24
