Rough Tracks The magazine of the AUSTRALIAN EX -MILITARY VEHICLE COLLECTORS SOCIETY INC

Jan/ Feb 2012

Monthly Meetings are NOW HELD at ASHFIELD RSL, 374 Liverpool Rd, Ashfield , ON THE 2nd WEDNESDAY OF EACH MONTH (except January); at 2000 hrs

AUSTRALIA DAY 2012

Shes back . The Jaffa Jeep is out and about!

PLEASE NOTE :- CHANGE OF CLUB MEETING LOCATION & DAY

Now at Ashfield RSL on 2nd WEDNESDAY OF EACH MONTH, located at 374 Liverpool Rd,
Ashfield, 5 minutes walk from Ashfield Railway Station. , Buses 418, 462, 464, 466, 480 & 483 stop right at the front of Club. There is also off-street parking for over 150 cars. - NEXT MEETING 14TH MARCH

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AMVCS Committee 2012 PO Box 221 Gladesville NSW 2111

http://au.groups.yahoo.com/group/amvcs_nsw/
President Vice President Secretary/ Editor Treasurer Public Relations John Oldenmenger tel (02) 4572 5672 Ray Kickert (02) 9602 9735 Ken Whyte tel (02) 9625 5748 Mob 0418 260 013 Email:- [email protected] Mob. 0425 253 253

Neil Cameron-Smith tel (02) 9484 8862 David Goodman 0418 682 082 Lawrie Winney Tel (02) 4578 1531

Mob 0419 230 828.

Club Plate Registrar

CMC Delegate

Gary Beers

ALT/Delegate

First Aid Officers Certified - Jan Thompson tel (02) 9969 7607 Mob 0412 078 096 And Chief Corowa Information lady

For Sale Club banners are 3 x 2 @ $15 each Flags are 3x 2 @ $20 each Orders are being taken

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MINUTES OF THE GENERAL MEETING OF THE A.M.V.C.S. HELD AT CAMPSIE R.S.L. ON TUESDAY 7th FEBRUARY 2012
General Meeting Opened at: - 20.18 Apologies: Mark Weltner, Kevin Burne, Les Bell, Fred Reeves Visitors: Bruce Brown, Brian Healy, Norman Campbell Minutes from Previous meeting: we read out loud, Proposed Dave Taylor and Accepted Keith Adam Correspondence In: circulated Presidents report: - No much to report - Australia day was wet but attended Vice Presidents report: - not present Treasures Report: - Not present but Bank figures were $4,561.93 in the main (cheque) account and $6,333.40 in term deposit account. Ken W; presented 2 x Invoices for payment being for Nov & Decs magazine $414.54 & $405.34. Approved by Gary Beers & Seconded by Bill Sjoblem. Report approved Bill Sjoblem & Dave Taylor Public Relations Report: 19/2 - would be Sydney swap meet; 22/4 - 39th Annual Gen motors display rally at Panthers on Mulgoa Road; 16/4 - Easter Show (7 expressed interest in attending), July Hawkesbury Model Show; 22/4 Ashfield RSL march (5 jeeps are required - please call John O) C.M.C report: - (1) Material of Affiliation raised for Blue Mountains Classic car club (2) 26/2 - Eastern Creek Motor Enthusiasts car club Club Plate Registers Report: - 2 new regos - with 3 or 4 renewals General Business: - (1) Jan T updated Corowa, needs HELP on Help Desk (2) Corowa Shire Council gave Tourism grant (3) weather warm in Corowa (4) Attendance list is currently:- Reynolds Boughton RB44 truck x1; Ford F100 ambulance x 1; Jeeps MA,MB,GPW x 51; Land Rover x 16; Leyland Moke x 2; Harley Davidson x 5; Kenworth wrecker x 1; Studebaker US6 x9; Ford GPA amphib x2; DUKW x2; GMC CCKW x5; International, all types x2; White scout car x2; Yamaha m/cycles x2; Austin Champ x3; Dodge x5; Kettenkrad x1; M52A1 truck x1; Blitz x5; Unimog x1; Haflinger x1; Ferret x1; Humvee x1; Chev. assorted types x3; Fargo x1 = Total of vehicles 120 (participant entries total = 164). (5) Bill Sjoblem - Aust Day - we had 12 vehicles there, had chat with L/rover people re encroachments; spoke about E10 sitting in tank for long periods - must be dispersed prior to driving (6) E10 reported to destroy fuel station steel in ground tanks: (7) J.O. asked about photos for GMC - photos will be used in a new book. (8) 2/6 Saturday - 90cm & 150cm searchlight will be lit at north head (9) Gary N. went to Norfolk Is. gave long talk on WW2 artifacts incl. clearing island for airport (10) Lawrie W thanked for vehicle inspections despite distance. (11) Gary N. thanked those for attending Xmas party, sub committee required for next one, ensure Jeeps Xmas party did not clash (12) J.O asked why rallies did not take off? (13) Approx 140 members in our club, vehicles exceeding 300, registered vehicles 80 with club & those on full regos unknown (14) 4th March was Thirlmere festival of steam day (15) Air force had called John O re Perth show! (16) 15th April was Wings, Wheels & Wine show in Mudgee (17) Newinton (Silverwater) - need date - looking at early Sept (18) Anzac Day - call Laurie re outings

Meeting closed at. 21.480m

SPECIAL NOTICE - Re Next meeting 14th MARCH 2012 AT ASHFIELD RSL 14th MARCH 2012 AT ASHFIELD RSL 14th MARCH 2012 AT ASHFIELD RSL 14th MARCH 2012 AT ASHFIELD RSL 14th MARCH 2012 AT ASHFIELD RSL 14th MARCH 2012 AT ASHFIELD RSL

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MANOEUVRES FOR 2012

Month
February

Date
19th

Event
Sydney Swap meet - Hawkesbury Showground
Thirlmere festival of steam Corowa Swim In Military Heritage Weekend Wings, Wheels & Wine show in Mudgee Easter show - ONE day only Iron fest Lithgow 39th Annual Gen Meeting - Mulgoa Road Ashfield RSL March Wings Over Illawarra Trucks on show, Rosehill Gardens Oil, Steam & Kero Field Day National Motoring Heritage Day Blacktown Parade Hawkesbury Model Show

Notes
Racecourse Road, Clarendon

Coordinator

March

4th 12-18th

March -April April

30th-1st 15th 16th 21-22 22nd 24th

Mitchell Shire Council

7am - 6pm

5 Jeeps required

John O

May

6th 17-19th 19-20th 20th 26th

Campbelltown Steam & Machinery Museum

Glen C Racecourse Road, Clarendon

July

7-8th

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30th Annual All American Day at Castle Towers Shopping Centre

Even Gen. Doug MacArthur turned up ! To donate his $10 entry fee for the benefit of Childrens Hospital Westmead. Had to request photos from the WW2 Jeeps NSW club as members from the AMVCS were too busy to attend. Thank you for sharing.

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VEHICLE OF THE MONTH

The BA-64
The BA-64 was a 44 light armoured car, employed by the Soviet Army from 1942 into the early 1960s for reconnaissance and liaison tasks. The BA-64B was nicknamed 'Bobik' by its crews. The total recorded number of BA-64s produced differs even in Russian sources. The most frequently-stated figures are 9,110 (3,901 BA-64 and 5,209 BA -64B) vehicles which were built in the GAZ automobile plant, although a memorial plaque near the pictured Nizhny Novgorod car states 9,063 cars. The Red Army representatives accepted only 8,174 BA-64s, including 3,390 with radio sets; the other vehicles were transferred to NKVD units and Soviet allies. Production history The BA-64 armoured car was a construction initiative of GAZ chief designer V. A. Grachev. Design work started on July 17, 1941. The designer's team also included F. A. Lependin (general layout), G. M. Wassermann (leading engineer), Yu. N. Sorochkin, B. T. Komarevskiy, V. F. Samoilov (armoured hull) and others. On April 10, 1942, Grachev was awarded the Third Grade Stalin Prize for creation of the BA-64 armoured car and GAZ-61 light jeep. The initial BA-64 model was based upon the GAZ-64 jeep and fitted with sloped armour that had some similarities to the German Sd kfz 222 design. One captured Sd Kfz 222 was transferred to GAZ for examination and analysis on September 7, 1941. The first prototype was tested on January 9, 1942. The hull had many resemblances with sdkfz-234 basic shape, and it had an open roof, with a pintle-mounted 7.62mm DT machine gun. The vehicle was operated by a crew of two. The next day the BA-64 prototype was shown to Kliment Voroshilov. The official presentation was in the Kremlin on March 3, 1942. The State Defence Committee adopted the BA-64 for Red Army service on March 14, 1942. It was top-heavy and could easily overturn on rough terrain. The improved BA-64B model was introduced in 1943, based on the GAZ-67B jeep, with a wider wheelbase. This model also had a small machine-gun turret added. The mass production of BA-64Bs continued through the rest of the Second World War and ceased in 1946. The last 62 vehicles were completed in that year. BA-64Bs were also used by Polish and Czech units, raised in Soviet Union. After the end of the war, some BA-64Bs were transferred to the police of the GDR. There were other post-war transfers of BA-64Bs to North Korea, China and Yugoslavia. The BA-64 remains in use with the Korean People's Army Ground Force. Combat history The major drawback of the BA-64 was its light armament. However, BA-64s were successfully utilised in reconnaissance and liaison missions despite this disadvantage. Another benefit was the high elevation angle of the DT machine gun. In complement with high speed and good manoeuvrability, this allowed BA-64s to be used in urban combat with success against enemy infantry hiding on the upper floors of buildings. Also, BA64s could return fire to enemy planes. The light firepower of BA64s was not sufficient for effective destruction of aerial targets, but it limited the enemy's flight freedom and thus helped to reduce the losses of friendly troops.

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Australia Under Attack

On 19 February 1942 mainland Australia came under attack for the first time when Japanese forces mounted two air raids on Darwin. The two attacks, which were planned and led by the commander responsible for the attack on Pearl Harbour ten weeks earlier, involved 54 land-based bombers and approximately 188 attack aircraft which were launched from four Japanese aircraft carriers in the Timor Sea. In the first attack, which began just before 10.00 am, heavy bombers pattern-bombed the harbour and town; dive bombers escorted by Zero fighters then attacked shipping in the harbour, the military and civil aerodromes, and the hospital at Berrimah. The attack ceased after about 40 minutes. The second attack, which began an hour later, involved high altitude bombing of the Royal Australian Air Force base at Parap which lasted for 20-25 minutes. The two raids killed at least 243 people and between 300 and 400 were wounded. Twenty military aircraft were destroyed, eight ships at anchor in the harbour were sunk, and most civil and military facilities in Darwin were destroyed. Contrary to widespread belief at the time, the attacks were not a precursor to an invasion. The Japanese were preparing to invade Timor, and anticipated that a disruptive air attack would hinder Darwins potential as a base from which the Allies could launch a counteroffensive and at the same time would damage Australian morale. With Singapore having fallen to the Japanese only days earlier, and concerned at the effect of the bombing on national morale, the government announced that only 17 people had been killed.

AWM 157291 Darwin. Naval personnel use an asbestos shield to protect them from the heat as they direct a hose onto a blazing oil tank, set on fire during a Japanese air

The air attacks on Darwin continued until November 1943, by which time the Japanese had bombed Darwin 64 times. During the war other towns in northern Australia were also the target of Japanese air attack, with bombs being dropped on Townsville, Katherine, Wyndham, Derby, Broome and Port Hedland.

In the hours following the air raids on 19 February, believing that an invasion was imminent, Darwins population began to stream southwards, heading for Adelaide River and the train south. Approximately half Darwins civilian population ultimately fled. The panic in the town
AWM 026977 19 February 1942. In the second Japanese attack on Darwin, the RAAF installations were seriously damaged. The photograph shows the remains of a Douglas dive bomber in one of the hangars.

was repeated at the RAAF base, where servicemen deserted their stations in great numbers. Three days after the attack 278 servicemen were still missing. The exodus south (which later became known as The Adelaide River Stakes), and the looting and disorder which subsequently occurred, led the government to hurriedly appoint a Commission of Inquiry.
Continued on page 10 Page 8

AUSTRALIA DAY 2012 - continued

Whats this? More lovely legs..must be on Special

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Dear Honorable Doctor Lawrie can you helps. Annual Inspection now due for the following. Please make a booking with the Doctor on 4578 1531.

March
Kevin Burne Roly Davie John Potter Ken Stacey Mark Weltner

April
No listing

May
No listing

The official government death toll was more than 240 with hundreds of other casualties. Many more died and were injured in subsequent attacks on Northern Australia over the following 21 months. It was a defining moment in Australias history, one which highlighted the tenacity of those living in Darwin and the Australian spirit. The events of 19 February 1942 were as shocking and calculated as the attack on Pearl Harbour just weeks before. It brought the war home to a country previously untouched by foreign conflict.

7 0

y e a r s

o n ,

w e

r e m e m b e r

The City of Darwin, in partnership with the NT Government and the Department of Veterans' Affairs will mark the 70th Anniversary of the Bombing of Darwin in 2012 with a special commemoration. A two week commemorative program of events will r ecognise the people who fought to defend our northern border, the men, women and children who were forced to evacuate and those who lived through the nightmare. Rebuilding Darwin took courage and commitment and helped shape our city. Remembering honours that commitment. The program will celebrate the lives of those lost in the series of attacks across the north and ensure these events are remembered by a new generation of Australians. Every year, survivors and their families come together in Darwin to remember. As we approach the 70th Anniversary of that first bombing raid, the older generation is keen to pass the baton of remembrance on to younger Australians to ensure our nation never forgets the horrors of war and the value of peace. 19 February 2012 will be a milestone in this important commemoration.

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For Sale -

Its Red but Better than Khaki - says Jan T.

The Navy Fleet Air Arm Museum at HMAS Albatross Nowra NSW is looking at disposing of its Ex-Navy Fire Truck. This truck is believed to be a Simplex Thornycraft 6x6 purpose built fire tender. Carries five people, as far I know, with a few others hanging on for dear life!. It has a Rolls Royce 6 Cylinder petrol engine. It is 100% complete. It has a separate pump for the water/fire side of things. Has 12x20 tyres & the back four are flat. The windows have been smashed on the RHS but they are all flat glass. There is one curved section over the top which could be easily replaced with a piece of Perspex or.....it looks very similar to a Land Rover station Wagon Piece. I would say you could find some flat glass to repair the vandalism easily enough. It has the vertical diffs like a deuce & a half. The engine is 100%, the radiator cap is missing but easy enough to get another. Paint is about 75% ok, & its painted in basic red enamel. The Coventry pump is all there (It is a separate engine to run the water pump). Water tank looks good from the outside Chassis looks great with no rust. Has front & rear pintles identical to a Chev blitz. Lights are all there, one back plastic indicator assembly is missing (can get them at Supercheap). As a note it was in service in the 80's & 90's and although it has a three on the side but only two ever operated as the third engine was in at the garage being overhauled. As far as I know, it left the RAN in a driveable, serviceable condition. Wether that helps or not I do not know. Looking at the speedo it is difficult to read but I can assure you it was driven daily to & from the Mess Hall for three meals, (a distance of about 2km both ways,) so it did about 6km a day for the whole of its life not including a few km up and down the runway on one day a week for the weekly aircraft crash exercise. I guess it will be for people to negotiate a price with the Curator of the Museum, Terry Hetherington. You can talk to Terry on 02 44242192 and arrange a visit/first hand look. * Many more pictures on request * -------------------------------------------------------------

For Sale:Unopened, plastic wrap sealed, Blue Ray - Beyond High Definition DVD sets 1. Band of Brothers - 10 episodes, 5 disc set - $35 - in feature metal box 2. The Pacific - 10 parts, 5 disc set - $25 - in feature metal box Contact:- Ken on 9625 5748, 0418 260013 Pick up from club meetings, Mount Druitt or post added at cost
-------------------------------------------------------------

Clearing Sale - Pyalong, Victoria Date & Time: 24th March 2012, 9:00am Address: 8-10 Nicholson Street, Pyalong, Victoria Trucks:
1940s Mack original Tramways recovery crane; 1950s White Superpower; 1940s Mack ex-military; Diamond T 531; Commer; 1968 Dodge 760; Thames Trader Sputnik model; 1940s Dodge ex-military; 2x Bedford J3 models; Studebaker 6x6 chassis; 1955 Ford F600; Chevrolet Blitz; 3 Ford Blitz; late 1940s Ford truck; AA model Ford truck chassis; 1997 International S Line N14 Cummins motor (not going); 1981 Kenworth 400 Cummins cab-over with airbag suspension; 471 GM Motor with R/R gearbox; Studebaker differentials, transfer cases and parts

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WEAPON OF THE MONTH -

Czech Hedgehogs

The Czech hedgehog (Czech: rozsoch) or jeek, was a static anti-tank obstacle defence made of angled iron (that is, lengths with an L- or H- shaped cross section) deployed during World War II by various combatants. The hedgehog is very effective in keeping tanks from getting through a line of defence. It maintains its function even when tipped over by a nearby explosion. Although it may provide some scant cover for infantry, infantry forces are generally much less effective against fortified defensive positions than mechanized units. History The Czech hedgehog's name refers to its origin in what is now the Czech Republic. The hedgehogs were originally used on the CzechGerman border by the Czechoslovak border fortifications - a massive but never-completed fortification system built on the eve of World War II by Czechoslovakia. The fortification system fell to Germany in 1938 after the occupation of the Sudetenland as a consequence of the Munich Agreement. Czech hedgehogs were widely used during World War II by the Soviet Union in anti-tank defence. They were produced from any sturdy piece of metal and sometimes even wood, including railroad ties. Czech hedgehogs were especially effective in urban combat, where a single hedgehog could block an entire street. Czech hedgehogs thus became a symbol of "defence at all cost" in the Soviet Union; hence the memorial to Moscow defenders, built alongside M-10 in 1966, is composed of three giant Czech hedgehogs. However, in some forms of warfare, Czech hedgehogs proved to be less effective. They were often made larger than they should have been, and although they were quite useful in urban warfare, there was little use of German armour in urban warfare in Russia. Czech hedgehogs were part of the defences of the Atlantic Wall and are visible in many images of the Normandy invasion. Technical details Technically, a Czech hedgehog made to specifications could be constructed from any material capable of withstanding at least 60 tonnes-force (600 kN), while being at most 1.4 metres (4 ft 7 in) high. However, such parameters were hard to achieve in makeshift hedgehogs, reducing their usefulness. The hedgehog is not supposed to be an immovable obstacle because of its size or weight. The proper size is to be slightly larger than the clearance under the enemy tank, so that a tank that attempts to move the hedgehog would instead roll on top of the hedgehog and get stuck. Industrially manufactured Czech hedgehogs were made of three Lshaped metal brackets (L 140/140/13 mm, length 1.8 metres (5 ft 11 in), weight 198 kilograms (440 lb); later versions: length 2.1 metres (6 ft 11 in), weight 240 kilograms (530 lb) joined by sheet metal, rivets and bolts (or, later in the war, welded together) into a characteristic spatial three-armed cross. (This pattern forms the axes of an octahedron.) Two arms of the hedgehog were connected in the factory, while the third arm was connected on-site by an M20 bolt. The arms were equipped with square "feet" to prevent sinking into the ground, as well as a notch for attaching barbed wire. During the Normandy Invasion the allies cut up several hedgehogs and welded them to the front of M4 Sherman tanks and M5 Stuart tanks. Known as the Rhino tank it proved very useful for clearing the hedgerows that made up the bocages across Normandy. A Russian woman welds steel girders to construct a Czech hedgehog anti-tank obstacle.

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MORE FORE SALE & WANTED STUFF

Jeep truck for sale in Marrickville. Been buried in vegetation for a while. Last registered in 2008. It appears ok in condition, however true condition not really known. Contact owner, Lou Burford at 343 Enmore Road, Marrickville NSW tel 9557-1557

A Deactivated 40mm Bofors, anti aircraft gun, located in Sydney Call Rick Malaspina on 0408 115 084 or 9730 3966. Price - negotiable $

WANTED - Rotary head light switch (jeep etc), can exchange for new push pull) contact Tom Rolfe on 4683 1515

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FOR THOSE WHO WANT TO LOOK LIKE THE BEES KNEES

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OLD STYLE HARD RUBBER BATTERIES MANUFACTURED & REBUILT

Note Re:- BLACKTOWN PARADE Glen CAINCROSS (0408 803 587) needs urgent list of names and vehicle descriptionS When is the parade - 26TH May Form up - before 9am Parade time - 11.am Where - Blacktown RSL car Park (to be confirmed) REMEMBER NO ROCKING UP ON DAY - NEED PRIOR INFORMATION

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PERSONALITY OF THE MONTH M. E. Clifton James

Meyrick Edward Clifton James (1898 - 8 May 1963) was an actor and soldier, notable for his resemblance to Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery. This was used by British intelligence as part of a deception campaign in 1944.

Life
Clifton James was born in Perth, Australia, the youngest son of notable Australian public servant John Charles Horsey James, and his wife Rebecca Catherine Clifton. After serving in World War I he took up acting and at the outbreak of World War II volunteered his services.

Operation Copperhead
About seven weeks before D-Day in 1944, a British Lieutenant-Colonel, J.V.B. Jervis-Reid, Not The Full Monty ! noticed Clifton James's resemblance to Montgomery while he was reviewing photographs in a newspaper; James, it seemed had 'rescued' a failing patriotic show by appearing in it, quite briefly, as 'Monty.' MI5 decided to exploit the resemblance to confuse German intelligence. James was contacted by Lieutenant-Colonel David Niven, who worked for the Army's film unit, and was asked to come to London on the pretext of making a film. The ruse was part of a wider deception which aimed to divert troops from northern France, by convincing the Germans that an Allied invasion of Southern France (Operation Dragoon) would precede a northern invasion. The plan was code-named Operation Copperhead and Clifton James was assigned to Montgomery's staff to learn his speech and mannerisms. Despite the problems that he had with alcohol (Montgomery did not drink at all), and the differences in personality, the project continued. He also had to give up smoking. Clifton James had lost his right-hand middle finger in the First World War and so a prosthetic finger was made. On 25 May 1944 Clifton James flew from RAF Northolt to Gibraltar on Churchill's private aircraft. At a reception at the governor-general's house, hints were made about "Plan 303", a plan to invade southern France. German intelligence picked this up and ordered agents to find out what they could about Plan 303. Clifton James then flew to Algiers where over the next few days he made a round of public appearances with General Maitland Wilson, the Allied commander in the Mediterranean theatre. Clifton James was then secretly flown to Cairo where he stayed until the invasion in Normandy was well underway. He then returned to his job after an absence of five weeks. Various reasons were put forward for the speedy conclusion of the operation (including the suggestion that Clifton James was seen in Gibraltar smoking and drunk), though the most likely explanation is the one put forward by Dennis Wheatley (who was part of the British deception efforts during the war) in The Deception Planners published in the 1980s. In it, he states that the operation was wound up successfully, its purpose accomplished. He also suggests that it ended "rather pathetically" and that Clifton James was simply hidden out of sight in a hotel in Algiers with a whisky bottle for company. He was to end his war still in the Pay Corps, apparently forgotten, having to lie about his missing five weeks, having been (according to Wheatley) "treated shabbily" with no official recognition for his services.

I Was Monty's Double

In 1954 Clifton James published his exploits in a book entitled - I Was Monty's Double - aided by a ghostwriter. It seemed to strike a chord with the British public at the time, as quite a few wartime secrets were entering print under the Ten Year rule. It was even parodied by Spike Milligan, in concept if not in plot, in the Goon Show episode 'I was Monty's Treble' ("So, we need forty thousand Monty's doubles, eh? We'll have to form regiments!"). The book became the basis for the script of the 1958 film of the same name, starring John Mills and Cecil Parker with Clifton James playing himself and Montgomery. The script was 'tweaked' for effect; 'Operation Copperhead' became 'Operation Hambone,' and additional elements of comedy, danger and intrigue were added, but it largely follows the story given in the book, and gave Clifton James a deserved if belated recognition, and a sort of screen immortality. He died on 8 May 1963 at his home on Thorn Road in Worthing Sussex, aged 65. The Daily Mail of 9 May 1963 quotes Viscount Montgomery, then himself 75, as saying of James; "He was not a friend of mine. Only met him once. Of course he observed me a great deal. He did a very good job, a very good job, and fooled the Germans at a critical time of the war. I am very sorry to hear of his death.

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WW2 Cooking part 1

Mock Fish Cakes

This recipe is in categories World War 2, Picnic, Snacks, About this recipe: Difficulty: not rated Preparation Time: 20 min Cooking Time: 10 min Number of servings: 6 servings This recipe was submitted by Fergus Martin, Chef at the Robinson Centre, Wyboston Lakes. Ingredients 150g (5oz) boiled potatoes or rice 150g (5oz) boiled beans little lemon juice 10ml (2 tsp) anchovy sauce or bloater paste cayenne sprinkle of flour to bind Making and cooking it 1. Mix all the ingredients together and beat up well 2. Make the mixture into little flat cakes 3. Fry or bake until golden brown Serve with salad ------------------------------------------------------------

Woolton Pie

Ingredients: 1lb diced potatoes 1lb cauliflower 1lb diced carrots 1lb diced swede 3 spring onions 1 teaspoon vegetable extract 1 tablespoon oatmeal A little chopped parsley Method: Cook everything together with just enough water to cover, stirring often to prevent it sticking to the pan. Let the mixture cool. Spoon into a pie dish, sprinkle with chopped parsley. Cover with a crust of potatoes or wholemeal pastry. Bake in a moderate oven until golden brown. Serve hot with gravy.

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What countries were involved in World War 2?

By the end of World War 2 there were few sovereign nations who were not involved in the war in some way.

Axis Countries
Germany Slovakia Italy Japan

Allied Countries
United Kingdom (England, Great Britain) United States (America, USA) Soviet Union (USSR, Russia) France

Finland - while nominally allied with Nazi Germany, essentially fought an entirely separate war with the USSR, and was not really involved in the wider World War 2. More properly, this would be called the Winter War of 1939-1940 and the Continuation War of 1941-1944. The Finns passively participated in the Siege of Leningrad, by holding territory opposite of Leningrad, but military cooperation between the Finns and Germany was essentially non-existent (though Germany did supply the Finns with significant amounts of war material), and Finland did not participate in combat against any Allied power excepting the USSR. In addition, at the end of the Continuation War, Finland fought the Lapland War (1944-45) to expel the Germans from Northern Finland. Overall, Finland's participation in WW2 is very quixotic, and really shouldn't be classified as either part of the Axis or Allies. Hungary Romania Bulgaria Croatia

Australia Canada China Poland Greece Netherlands Norway Yugoslavia Luxembourg Belgium Czechoslovakia

Some would count exactly 51 Allied countries, since each became a charter member of the United Nations and in order to qualify for charter membership in the UN, a nation had to have been at war with one or more of the Axis nations. These 51 were: Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Byelorussia SSR, Canada, Chile, China (Republic of..), Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Ethiopia, France, Great Britain, Greece, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, India, Iran, Iraq (post-Gailini government), Lebanon, Liberia, Luxembourg, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Norway, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, The Philippines (Osmena government), Poland, Russia USSR, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Syria, Turkey, Ukraine SSR, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela and Yugoslavia. France was actually on the side of both, Allies and Axis. The southern part was known as the "Vichy French" that were loyal to Axis powers. And at first, USSR was a neutral nation with the Nazi-Soviet NonAggression Pact. But then USSR joined the Allied side when Hitler invaded them in 1942.
Page 18

Several countries either switched sides or entered in 1945 as the outcome became obvious: Romania, Bulgaria, and Turkey are among these "late-comers". Many Central and South American countries were nominally on the Allied side but took no active part in the fighting.

Some amazing statistics.

World War II Casualties All Countries

Country U.S.S.R. China Germany Poland Japan Yugoslavia Rumania France Austria Hungary Greece Italy United Kingdom USA Netherlands Czechoslovakia Philippines Belgium Finland Canada India Australia Spain Bulgaria New Zealand Norway U.K. Colonies Denmark Brazil Totals: Military 8,668,000 1,324,000 3,250,000 850,000 1,506,000 300,000 520,000 340,000 380,000 200,000 88,300 330,000 326,000 292,131 14,000 10,000 27,000 10,000 82,000 37,476 36,000 29,000 12,000 19,000 12,000 9,000 6,877 2,000 943 18,684,727 Civilian 16,900,000 10,000,000 3,810,000 6,000,000 300,000 1,400,000 465,000 470,000 145,000 290,000 325,000 80,000 62,000 6,000 236,000 215,000 91,000 75,000 2,000 Total 25,568,000 11,324,000 7,060,000 6,850,000 1,806,000 1,700,000 985,000 810,000 525,000 490,000 413,300 410,000 388,000 298,131 250,000 225,000 118,000 85,000 84,000 37,476 36,000 29,000 22,000 21,000 12,000 9,000 6,877 3,800 943 59,577,527

10,000 2,000

1,800 40,892,800

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THE BACK PAGE

Aussie Slang continues with

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G for Golf

Galah - Slang term for the in-service underslung grenade launcher (officially called a GLA). Gammas - Go get some sunlight on the upper decks. Gay traders - Also "Queer traders". Air Force term for electronics technicians and others working on non-mechanical systems (cf. black handers). Gaz - Used to describe someone of unparalleled skill. Also used to describe SAS troops. Gazontopede - An archaic term commonly used by the Army in the '70s and '80s used to describe somebody who was hopelessly uncoordinated in drill. Gedunk Machine - refers to a soft drink/candy bar dispensing machine. Get This - Used to indicate thugs from the scallop industry. "Get this! Damn those thugs from the scallop industry!" Giggle-hat - Bush head dress; '80s term that is fading from use. Giggle-suit - Bush clothes. Ginger Beers - Term used to describe a member of the Royal Australian Engineers Corps or RAAF flight engineers. Go fast - Unit or other baseball cap worn by RAAF members God Botherer - The Padre or anybody remotely religious. (sometimes called "sky pilots"). Goffer - Soft drink. Going commando - See "Free Snaking". Golf bag - Accessory pouch for the obsolescent AN/PRC-77 manpack radio or the accessories bag used to carry spare barrels cleaning kit and other equipment for a machine gun. Gomper/Gumpy Bar - A chocolate bar like a Mars bar or Picnic. "Have a goffer and a gomper mate." Gong - Medal. Gonk - To sleep. Also Gonking, the act of having a sleep. Greenie - Nickname for Electronics Technicians in the RAN Grey Kingswood - Term of endearment used exclusively by crews of the RAAF AP-3C Orion maritime patrol aircraft; a comfortable and reliable means of transport. Previously "grey and white Kingswood" till someone discovered how visible they were through a submarine's periscope. Groundsheet - Derogatory slang for a female soldier. I.e., something you lay on the ground. GRUNT - An acronym meaning the same in Australia as it does everywhere else, a negative name for an infantry soldier. Often adopted with pride by the Grunts themselves. (Government Reject Unfit for Normal Training). Gucci - A piece of kit that is really good or expensive. Gun Bunny - An artillery soldier, for example Bloody Gun Bunnies can't do anything right. Gunny/Gunnie - Air Force term for an armaments fitter. No relation to the US Marine Corps rank of Gunnery Sergeant. Gun Plumber - A fitter/armourer, usually those attached to artillery units.

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