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Department of Mathematics, University of Delhi
M.A./M.Sc. Mathematics Examinations, December 2016
Part I Semester I
MATH14-103: Measure and Integration
Time: 3 hours Maximum Marks: 70
Instructions: All sections are compulsory. Attempt any three questions
from Section I, two questions from Section II and two questions from Section
III. Symbols have their usual meaning. [a, b] denotes a finite interval.
Section I (Answer any Three questions: 3 × 10 marks = 30 marks)
1. (a) What is meant by a measurable set? Show that every interval is [5 marks]
measurable.
(b) Prove that the class of Lebesgue measurable sets is a σ-algebra. [5 marks]
∞ ∞
1 1
S S
2. (a) Show that if Q = {qn }, G = qn − n2
, qn + n2
and F is [4 marks]
n=1 n=1
any closed set, then m(G 4 F ) > 0.
(b) Show that the Cantor set is measurable. [2 marks]
(c) Prove that not every measurable set is a Borel set. [4 marks]
3. (a) Show that f ≤ ess supf , a.e. [3 marks]
(b) Show that if f is a measurable function, then {x : f (x) = α} is [2 marks]
measurable for each extended real number α.
(c) Prove that if f is a non-negative measurable function, then there [5 marks]
exists a sequence {φn } of measurable
R simpleR functions such that,
for each x, φn (x) ↑ f (x) and lim φn dx = f dx.
4. (a) Let {fn } be a sequence of integrable functions such that [5 marks]
X∞ Z
|fn |dx < ∞.
n=1
Show that if the series R ∞
P
n=1 fn (x)
P∞converges
R a. e., then its sum
f (x) is integrable. Is f dx = n=1 fn dx? Justify your an-
swer.
(b) Show that if f is bounded and measurable function on [a, b], then [5 marks]
for each > 0 there exists a continuous
R b function g such that g
vanishes outside a finite interval and a |f − g|dx < .
MATH14-103: Measure and Integration - 2-
Section II (Answer any Two questions: 2 × 12 marks = 24 marks)
5. (a) What is meant by a function of bounded variation? Show that [5 marks]
f ∈ BV [a, b] if and only if f is the difference of two finite-valued
monotone increasing functions on [a, b]
(b) Let f be a function defined on [0, 1] by f (x) = 0 if x is rational [3 marks]
and f (x) = 1, otherwise. Find four derivatives at any x.
(c) Let f ∈ BV [a, b]. Is f continuous on [a, b]? Is f monotone on [4 marks]
[a, b]? Justify your answer.
6. (a) Show that the product of two absolutely continuous functions is [3 marks]
absolutely continuous.
(b) Show that if f is a finite-valued monotone increasing function [7 marks]
Rb
defined on [a, b], then f 0 is measurable and a f 0 dx ≤ f (b) − f (a).
What happens if f is monotone decreasing on [a, b]? Justify your
answer.
(c) Show that every σ-algebra is a σ-ring. Is the converse true? [2 marks]
Justify your answer.
7. (a) Prove that a function F is an indefinite integral if and only if it [7 marks]
is absolutely continuous.
(b) Show that if f 0 exists and is bounded on [a, b], then f ∈ BV [a, b]. [2 marks]
(c) Let µ be a measure on a ring R and let A, B, C ∈ R be such [3 marks]
A, B ⊂ C. Show that if µ(A) = µ(C) < ∞, then µ(B) =
that T
µ(A B)
Section III (Answer any Two questions: 2 × 8 marks = 16 marks)
8. (a) What is meant by a complete measure? Show that the Lebesgue [4 marks]
measure on M is σ-finite but not finite.
(b) State and prove the Minkowski’s inequality. [4 marks]
9. (a) Show that if fn → f a. u., then fn → f a. e. [2 marks]
(b) Show that if f is a non-negative measurableRfunction defined on [6 marks]
a measurable space (X, S,R µ), then φ(E) = E f dµ is a measure
on S. Also show that if f dµ < ∞,then for each > 0, there
exists a δ > 0 such that if A ∈ S and µ(A) < δ, then φ(A) < .
10. (a) Show that if µ(X) < ∞ and 0 < p < q ≤ ∞, then Lq (µ) ⊂ Lp (µ). [3 marks]
(b) Prove that Lp (µ) is complete, where 1 ≤ p < ∞. [5 marks]
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