1.
And – used to add something to what has already
ENGLISH 8 been said. It should be used only when the second idea
is along the same line of thoughts as the first idea.
USING CONJUNCTIONS Examples:
CORRECTLY a. The beggar was ugly and mean.
(The words ugly and mean are both negative qualities.)
b. He went away and never came back.
(And joins the two verbs correctly because never came
What I Need to Know back is in addition to went away.)
c. I don’t know where he went and what he did.
Learning Objective: (The coordinating conjunction and joins two subordinate
clauses used as objects of the verb know.)
a. To use conjunctions correctly Other words that may be used instead of and are:
both..and, not only… but also, furtherore, and as well as.
PROCESS DISCUSSION 2. But- adds something contrary or different from what
has been said. When we use and, the second part of the
sentence expresses an idea that is contrast to the first;
The word conjunction comes from the Latin word when we use but, the second part of the sentence
conjunctus, meaning “to join”. Conjunction are words, expresses an idea that is contrast to the first.
phrases, or clauses. They should be used with care. Example:
He is stupid but hardworking.
There are two general classes of conjunction: (Stupid expresses a negative quality, while hardworking
coordinating and subordinating. expresses a positive quality. The second idea is
A. Coordinating Conjunctions constructive.)
Coordinating conjunctions connect words, The other conjunctions of this type include however, yet,
phrases, and clauses of equal rank; they do not nevertheless, and on the other hand. But is more often used
join a principal element to a subordinate element. than the others.
3. Or- implies a choice. It connects ideas of equal value,
The principal coordinating conjunctions are and, but, or giving one chance to choose either idea.
and so. Examples:
a. You can come today or tomorrow.
b. I can go or stay as I please.
Other words to use instead of or are either….or,
neither…nor, and otherwise. What’s More
4. So- used when the second part is a consequence of the
first part. It differs from the and type, which implies the same A. Instruction: Choose the correct coordinating conjunction
line of thought and from the but type, which implies a for each sentence.
contrast. So implies that the second part follows as a result 1. I went to the store _______ bought milk.
of the first part. 2. She speaks fluent English ______ Spanish.
Example: 3. I wanted to go to the beach ______ it was raining.
He shouted, so I had to listen to him. 4. Do you want coffee _______ tea?
B. Subordinating Conjunctions 5. The CEO apologized for the mistake ______ assured
This are used to introduce subordinate clauses. They investors that corrective actions would be taken.
convey the thought relationship between ideas in a B. Instruction: Choose the correct subordinating conjunction
sentence. for each sentence.
The principal subordinate conjunctions are what, 1. I went to the store ____________ I needed milk.
that/so that, because, how, though/although, if, as if, unless, 2. They will attend the party ______ invited.
where and whether. 3. She’s studying _____ he can pass the exam.
The principal subordinate conjunctions are that/so 4. ________ it’s raining; we’ll still go outside.
that, because, though/although, if, unless, whether. 5. They’re debating ____to move abroad.
1. That/So that
They claimed that he is a liar.
They read that they may learn. (Purpose)
They read so that they may learn. (Purpose)
2. Because (Cause and Effect)
He failed because he did not study.
He was so lazy that he failed.
3. Though/Although (Concession)
Although I made a few mistakes, I got a very good
mark.
4. If/Unless (Condition)
If you go with me, I’ll treat you to a snack.
I’ll not speak to you unless you go with me.
5. Whether (Uncertainty)
I don’t know whether I can go with you.
