k = m.Sigma(cbc)/(m.

Sigma(cbc)+Sigma(st))
j = 1 - k/3
R = 1/2* Sigma(cbc)* k * j

Design constants:

Grade of concrete = M 20
Stress in concrete := 66.70 kg/cm² k= 0.260
Stress in steel = 1900 kg/cm² j= 0.913
modular ratio = 10 R= 7.915
(vide Table 9 & 10 of IRC:21-2000)

Design constants:

Grade of concrete = M 25
Stress in concrete := 83.33 kg/cm² k= 0.294
Stress in steel = 2000 kg/cm² j= 0.902
modular ratio = 10 R= 11.053
(vide Table 9 & 10 of IRC:21-2000)

Design constants:

Grade of concrete = M 30
Stress in concrete := 100.00 kg/cm² 100 k = 0.329 k =
Stress in steel = 1900 kg/cm² 1300 j = 0.890 j =
modular ratio = 9.333333 9.333333 R = 14.662 R =
(vide Table 9 & 10 of IRC:21-2000)
9.333333

Design constants:

Grade of concrete = M 35
Stress in concrete := 116.67 kg/cm² k= 0.368
Stress in steel = 2000 kg/cm² j= 0.877
modular ratio = 10 R= 18.852
(vide Table 9 & 10 of IRC:21-2000)

Design constants:

Grade of concrete = M 40
Stress in concrete := 130.00 kg/cm² k= 0.500
(vide Table 21 of IS:456-2000)
Stress in steel = 1300 kg/cm² j= 0.833
modular ratio = 10 R= 27.083
(vide Table 9 & 10 of IRC:21-2000)
 0.418
0.861
17.985
Constants

Grade of concrete M40 M35 M30 M25

σ cbc 13 11.5 10 8.5

m = 280/(3σ cbc) 7.18 8.12 9.33 10.98

t (tensile stress) 1500 1900 1500 1900 1500 1900 1500

147.15 186.39 147.15 186.39 147.15 186.39 147.15
Say 150 190 150 190 150 190 150

n = m σ cbc 0.384 0.329 0.384 0.329 0.384 0.329 0.384

m σ cbc+t

j = 1-(n/3) 0.872 0.890 0.872 0.890 0.872 0.890 0.872

Q = (1/2) σ cbc n j 21.744 19.061 19.235 16.861 16.726 14.662 14.217

1 kg = 9.81 N
Say 1 kg = 10 N

Constants

Grade of concrete M40 M35 M30 M25

σ cbc 13 11.5 10 8.5

m = 2800/(3σ cbc) 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00

t (tensile stress) 1500 1900 1500 2000 1500 2000 1500

147.15 186.39 147.15 196.2 147.15 196.2 147.15
Say 150 190 150 200 150 200 150

n = m σ cbc 0.464 0.406 0.434 0.365 0.400 0.333 0.362

m σ cbc+t

j = 1-(n/3) 0.845 0.865 0.855 0.878 0.867 0.889 0.879

Q = (1/2) σ cbc n j 25.508 22.830 21.343 18.437 17.333 14.815 13.519

1 kg = 9.81 N
Say 1 kg = 10 N
M25 M20 M25

8.5 7 N/mm2 8.333

10.98 13.33 11.20

1900 1500 1900 kg/cm2 2000 2300

186.39 147.15 186.39 N/mm2 196.2 225.63
190 150 190 N/mm2 196.2 230

0.329 0.384 0.329 0.322 0.289

0.890 0.872 0.890 0.893 0.904

12.463 11.708 10.263 kg/cm2 11.988 10.870

M25 M20

8.5 7 N/mm2

10.00 10.00

2000 1500 2000 kg/cm2

196.2 147.15 196.2 N/mm2
200 150 200 N/mm2

0.298 0.318 0.259

0.901 0.894 0.914

11.415 9.955 8.290 kg/cm2

 As per clause 303.1 and Table 6 of IRC code 21-2000
Permissible stresses for concrete of different grades

Concrete grade Permissible flexural Permissible tensile

compressive stress stress in concrete
M 15 5.00 0.4
M 20 6.67 0.53
M 25 8.33 0.61
M 30 10.00 0.67
M 35 11.67 0.67
M 40 13.33 0.67
M 45 15.00 0.67
M 50 16.67 0.67
M 55 18.30 0.67
M 60 20.00 0.67

Maximum shear stress

Concrete grade Maximum dia Area
shear stress 12 113.09734
M 20 1.80 16 201.06193
M 25 1.90 20 314.15927
M 30 2.20 22 380.13271
M 35 2.30 25 490.87385
M 40 2.50 32 804.24772
M 45 2.50
M 50 2.50
M 55 2.50
M 60 2.50

Bar grade Permissible flexural, shear

combined bending
Fe 240 125 dia
8
10
Fe 415 200 12
Fe 500 240 16
20
22
Df / B Q 25
0.5 0.25 32
1.0 0.27
1.5 0.30
2.0 0.34
2.5 0.38

Permissible shear stress in concrete

20 25 30 35 40 45
 2 3 4 5 6 7
0.15 0.18 0.19 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20
0.25 0.22 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23
0.50 0.30 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.32 0.32
0.75 0.35 0.36 0.37 0.37 0.38 0.38
1.00 0.39 0.40 0.41 0.42 0.42 0.42
1.25 0.42 0.44 0.45 0.45 0.46 0.46
1.50 0.45 0.46 0.48 0.49 0.49 0.49
1.75 0.47 0.49 0.50 0.52 0.52 0.52
2.00 0.49 0.51 0.53 0.54 0.55 0.55
2.25 0.51 0.53 0.55 0.56 0.57 0.57
2.50 0.51 0.55 0.57 0.58 0.60 0.60
2.75 0.51 0.56 0.58 0.60 0.62 0.62
3.00 0.51 0.57 0.60 0.62 0.63 0.63
Permissible direct
compressive stress
3.75
5.00
6.25
7.50
8.75
10.00
11.25
12.50
13.75
15.00

Area
50.27
78.54
113.10
201.06
314.16
380.13
490.87
804.25

50 55 60
 8 9 10
0.20 0.20 0.20
0.23 0.23 0.23
0.32 0.32 0.32
0.38 0.38 0.38
0.42 0.42 0.42
0.46 0.46 0.46
0.49 0.49 0.49
0.52 0.52 0.52
0.55 0.55 0.55
0.57 0.57 0.57
0.60 0.60 0.60
0.62 0.62 0.62
0.63 0.63 0.63
 R.C.C.RETAINING WALL
R.C.C RETAINING WALL
DATA :
Metres
WALL TOP LEVEL : + 534.570 m SOIL
WATER LEVEL : + 528.508 m MAX 18.851
FOUNDATION DEPTH : + 0.600 m MIN 17.334
TOP OF FOUDATION : + 521.432 m
BOT. OF FOUNDATION : + 520.832 m OT 3.573 OK
S 1.85 OK
:
TOP WIDTH 1.000 m
water SIDE BATTER : 1.000 m
EARTH SIDE BATTER : 0.000

WIDTH OF TOE SLAB : 1.500 m

WIDTH OF HEEL SLAB : 1.500 m
:
UNIT WT. OF CONC. : 2.500 T/cum
UNIT WT. OF WATER : 1.000 T/cum
ANGLE OF INTERNAL FRICTION : 28.000

+ 528.508 + 534.570

W4 7.076
WATER

7.076
W5 W2
W3
1.50 1.000 1.000 0.000 1.50 521.432
0.60 W6
520.832
BB
B 5.00

STRESS ON SOIL :(MOMENTS ABOUT 'B')

FORCE PARTICULARS MAG. L.A. MOMENT

TONS. MTS TON.MT.

W1 6.667 6.667 3.000 20.00

W2 13.138 x 1.000 x x 2.500 32.845 3.000 98.535

W3 0.500 7.076 x 1.000 x 2.500 8.845 2.167 19.164

W4 0.500 x 7.076 x 1.000 x 2.100 7.430 3.500 26.004

W5 1.500 7.076 x x 2.100 22.289 0.750 16.717

W6 5.00 X 0.600 X 2.500 7.500 2.500 18.750

Pv 0.0395 X 7.676 X 7.676 x 2.100 4.887
∑V = 90.464 179.171

PH 0.1584 x 7.676 x 7.676 x 2.100 19.599 2.559 50.149

19.599 ∑M = 229.319
LEVER ARM = ∑M / ∑V = 229.32 / 90.46
= 2.535 m
ECCENTRICITY = 5.000 / 2.000 - 2.535 = -0.035
ALLOWABLE LIMIT = 5.000 / 6.000 = 0.833 m < -0.035

MAX. STRESS= ∑V/b{1±6e/b}

MAX. STRESS= ( 90.464 / 5.000 ) { 1 + 6 x 0.035

/ 5.000 }

MAX. STRESS= 18.851 t/sq.mt.

MIN. STRESS= ( 90.464 / 5.000 ) { 1.00 - 6 x 0.035

/ 5.000 }

MIN, STRESS= 17.334 t/sq.mt.

FACTOR OF SAFETY AGAINST OVER TURNING = Resisting Moment/Overturning moment

= 179.17 / 50.149

FACTOR OF SAFETY AGAINST OVER TURNING = 3.573 >2, HENCE OK

FACTOR OF SAFETY AGAINST SLIDING = µ∑V/∑H

Assuming µ = 0.4 (for concrete on soil)

(vide cl. 706.3.4of IRC:78-2000)

= 0.400 x 90.464 / 19.599

FACTOR OF SAFETY AGAINST SLIDING = 1.85 >1.5,HENCE OK

DESIGN OF STEM:-

M = Ka x w x h3
6
Ka = 1 - sino
1 + sino
sin Æ = 30 0

Ka = 0.333

w = 1.000 t/m3

h = 7.076 m

M = 0.333 x 1.000 x 7.076 3

= 19.663 t-m

Eff. Depth = M/Qb

= 19.66 x 105 / 10.263 x 100

= 43.771 cm

Providing 32 dia bars

Eff. Depth = 200 - 5 - 3.2 /2

= 193.40 cm > 43.771

HENCE OK

Area of steel reqd. = M/tjd

t = 1900 Kg/cm2

j = 0.890

Ast = 19.66 x 105 / 1900 x 0.890 x 193.40

= 6.01 cm2

Min Vertical Steel = 0.16 % of CS Area

(as per cl.7.1.1 & cl.7.1.1.1 of IS:3370 (part-II)-1965 )
= 0.0016 x 100 x 200

= 32 cm2 < 6.01 cm2

Spacing of 32 dia bars = 133.70 cm

However provide 32 dia bars at 190 mmC/C

Ast Provided = 42.31 cm2 > 32.00 cm2

HENCE OK
 Shear Force = 0.333 x 1.000 x 7.08 2

= 8.337 t

Shear stress = 8.337 x 103

100 193.40

= 0.431 Kg/cm2

100 As/bd = 100 x 42.31

100 x 193.40

= 0.219 %

For 0.219 % M 20 grade concrete

from table 23 of IS:456-2000
tc = for 0.15 % 0.18 N/mm2
for 0.25 % 0.22 N/mm2
for 0.219 % 0.21 N/mm2 > 0.043 N/mm2
Hence Safe

Horizontal reinforcement:-
(as per cl.11.2.1 e of SP:34(S &T)-1987)
On each face =
0.16 x 200.00 x 100
100 x 2

= 16 cm2

Provide 16 mm dia bars at 90 mm C/C

(Horizontal rods on both faces)
Ast provided = 22.34 cm2
HENCE OK
Curtailment calculations:-
DESIGN OF TOE SLAB
5.0
1.5 2.00 1.500

17.334

17.789
18.396

18.851
Downward force due to self wt of heel slab:- 0.60 x 2.500 x 1.500

= 2.25 t

Downward force due to wt of water:- = 7.076 x 1.000 x 1.500

= 10.614 t

Total force = 2.25 + 10.614

= 12.864 t

Total upward soil pressure= 0.5 x ( 17.334 + 17.789 ) x 1.500

= 26.343 t

C.G of trapezoidal pr. Diagram =( 17.789 + 2 x 17.334 ) x 1.500

from face of stem ( 17.789 + 17.334 )x 3

= 0.747 m

Net BM at face of abutment = ( 12.864 x 0.8 - 26.343 x 0.747 )

= -10.024 t-m

Compressive stress of concrete(c) = 70 kgs/cm2(For M20 Grade of Concrete)

Tensile strength of steel(t) = 1900 kgs/cm2(For earth side)

Q = 10.263 J = 0.892

Depth required = M/Qb

= -10.024 x 105 / 10.263 x 100

= Err:502 cm

Providing 25 dia bars

Eff. Depth = 60.00 - 5 - 2.5 /2

= 53.75 cm > Err:502 cm

= Hence OK

Area of steel reqd. = M/tjd

t = 1900 Kg/cm2

j = 0.890

Ast = -10.024 x 105 / 1900 x 0.890 x 53.75

-11.03 cm2

Provide 25 dia bars at 270 mm C/C

provided in shear consideration at top
Ast Provided 18.17 cm2 > -11.03 cm2
Hence OK
 Shear Force

+ 528.508 1.00

d= 0.54
+ 521.432
1.5 2.00 1.5
0.600

+ 520.832

17.334
18.851

17.626 17.789
18.396

Shear Force = ( 17.626 + 17.334 )* 0.54 / 2

@ 'd' from stem

= 9.396 t

Shear stress 9.396 x 103

= 100 53.75

= 1.748 Kg/cm2

100 As/bd 100 x 18.17

= 100 x 53.75

0.338 %

For 0.338 % M20 grade concrete

from table 23 of IS:456-2000
tc = for 0.50 % 0.3 N/mm2
for 0.75 % 0.35 N/mm2
for 0.500 % 0.300 N/mm2 > 0.175 N/mm2
Hence Safe

Min Vertical Steel & Horizontal steel: 0.08 % of CS Area

(as per cl.7.1.1 & cl.7.1.1.1 of IS:3370 (part-II)-1965 )
= 0.0008 x 100 x 60

= 4.8 cm2

However provide 12 dia bars at 100 mmC/C

Ast Provided = 11.30 cm2 > 4.80 cm2

DESIGN OF HEEL SLAB

0.958
1.5 2.00 1.500

0.542
17.334 18.851
 17.789 18.396 18.560

Downward force due to self wt of toe slab:- 0.60 x 2.500 x 1.500

= 2.25 t

Total upward soil pressure= 0.5 x ( 18.396 + 18.851 ) x 1.500

= 27.935 t

C.G of trapezoidal pr. Diagram

from face of pier
=( 18.851 + 2 x 18.396 ) x 1.500
( 18.851 + 18.396 ) x 3

= 0.747 m

Net BM at face of abutment=( 2.250 x 0.750 - 27.935 x 0.753 )

= -19.349 t-m

Compressive stress of concrete(c) = 70 kgs/cm2(For M20 Grade of Concrete)

Tensile strength of steel(t) = 1900 kgs/cm2(For earth side)

Q = 10.263 J = 0.890

Eff. Depth = M/Qb

= 19.349 x 105 / 10.263 x 100

= 43.421 cm

Providing 16 dia bars

Eff. Depth = 60.00 - 5 - 1.6 /2

= 54.20 cm > 43.421 cm

= Hence OK

Area of steel reqd. = M/tjd

t = 1900 Kg/cm2

j = 0.890

Ast = 19.349 x 105 / 1900 x 0.890 x 54.20

21.11 cm2

Provide 32 dia bars at 120 mm C/C

provided in shear consideration at top
Ast Provided 66.99 cm2 > 21.11 cm2
Hence OK

SHEAR FORCE AT DISTANCE 'd' FROM FACE OF STEM

Downward force due to self wt of toe slab:- 0.60 x 2.500 x 0.958

= 1.437 t

Total upward soil pressure = 0.5 x ( 18.560 + 18.851 ) x 0.958

= 17.920 t

Shear Force = 17.920 - 1.437

= 16.483 t
 Shear stress 16.483 x 103
= 100 54.20

= 3.041 Kg/cm2

100 As/bd 100 x 66.99

= 100 x 54.20

1.236 %

For 0.114 % & M20 Grade of concrete

For 0.000 % M20 grade concrete
from table 23 of IS:456-2000
tc = for 0.15 % 0.18 N/mm2
for 0.25 % 0.22 N/mm2
for 0.114 % 0.166 N/mm2 > 0.304 N/mm2
Not Safe

TOE HEEL

16 Ø AT 250 C/C
12 Ø AT 230 C/C
521.432

12 Ø AT 230 C/C 12 Ø AT 230 C/C

520.832

20 Ø AT 115 C/C 12 Ø AT 230 C/C

1.5 2.00 1.500

Min Vertical Steel & Horizontal steel: 0.08 % of CS Area

(as per cl.7.1.1 & cl.7.1.1.1 of IS:3370 (part-II)-1965 )
= 0.0008 x 100 x 60

= 4.8 cm2

However provide 12 dia bars at 230 mmC/C

Ast Provided = 4.91 cm2 > 4.80 cm2

 R.C.C.RETAINING WALL
R.C.C RETAINING WALL
DATA :
Metres SOIL
WALL TOP LEVEL : + 20.600 m MAX 9.690
WATER LEVEL : + 20.140 m MIN 6.464
FOUNDATION DEPTH : + 1.350 m
TOP OF FOUDATION : + 13.350 m OT 2.462 OK
BOT. OF FOUNDATION : + 12.000 m S 1.04 NOT OK

:
TOP WIDTH 0.600 m
water SIDE BATTER : 0.500 m
EARTH SIDE BATTER : 0.500

WIDTH OF TOE SLAB : 2.700 m

WIDTH OF HEEL SLAB : 4.200 m
:
UNIT WT. OF CONC. : 2.500 T/cum
UNIT WT. OF WATER : 1.000 T/cum
ANGLE OF INTERNAL FRICTION : 30º

+ 20.140 + 20.600

W7 7.250
WATER

6.790
W4 W1
W2 W3
2.70 0.500 0.600 0.500 4.20 13.350
1.35 W6
12.000
BB
B 8.50

STRESS ON SOIL :(MOMENTS ABOUT 'B')

FORCE PARTICULARS MAG. L.A. MOMENT

TONS. MTS TON.MT.

W1 7.250 x 0.600 x x 2.500 10.875 3.500 38.063

W2 0.500 7.250 x 0.500 x 2.500 4.531 3.033 13.745

W3 0.500 x 7.250 x 0.500 x 2.500 4.531 3.967 17.974

W4 2.700 6.790 x x 1.000 18.333 1.350 24.750

W7 0.500 0.500 x 6.790 x 1.000 1.698 2.865 4.863

W6 8.50 X 1.350 X 2.500 28.687 4.250 121.922
∑V = 68.655 221.316

PH 0.500 x 8.140 x 8.140 x 1.000 33.130 2.713 89.892

33.130 ∑M = 311.208
LEVER ARM = ∑M / ∑V = 311.21 / 68.66
= 4.533 m
ECCENTRICITY = 8.500 / 2.000 - 4.533 = -0.283
ALLOWABLE LIMIT = 8.500 / 6.000 = 1.417 m < -0.283

MAX. STRESS= ∑V/b{1±6e/b}

MAX. STRESS= ( 68.655 / 8.500 ) { 1 + 6 x 0.283

/ 8.500 }

MAX. STRESS= 9.690 t/sq.mt.

MIN. STRESS= ( 68.655 / 8.500 ) { 1.00 - 6 x 0.283

/ 8.500 }

MIN, STRESS= 6.464 t/sq.mt.

FACTOR OF SAFETY AGAINST OVER TURNING = Resisting Moment/Overturning moment

= 221.32 / 89.892

FACTOR OF SAFETY AGAINST OVER TURNING = 2.462 > 2 OK

FACTOR OF SAFETY AGAINST SLIDING = µ∑V/∑H

Assuming µ = 0.5 (for concrete on soil)

(vide cl. 706.3.4of IRC:78-2000)

= 0.500 x 68.655 / 33.130

FACTOR OF SAFETY AGAINST SLIDING = 1.04 > 1.5 OK

DESIGN OF STEM:-

M = Ka x w x h3
6
Ka = 1 - sino
1 + sino
sin Æ = 30 0

Ka = 0.333

w = 2.100 t/m3

h = 6.790 m

M = 0.333 x 2.100 x 6.790 3

= 36.486 t-m

Eff. Depth = M/Qb

= 36.49 x 105 / 10.111 x 100

= 60.071 cm

Providing 16 dia bars

Eff. Depth = 110 - 5 - 1.6 /2

= 104.20 cm > 60.071

Hence OK

Area of steel reqd. = M/tjd

t = 1900 Kg/cm2

j = 0.890

Ast = 36.49 x 105 / 1900 x 0.890 x 104.20

= 20.71 cm2

Min Vertical Steel = 0.08 % of CS Area

(as per cl.7.1.1 & cl.7.1.1.1 of IS:3370 (part-II)-1965 )
= 0.0008 x 100 x 110

= 8.8 cm2 < 20.71 cm2

Spacing of 16 dia bars = 9.70 cm

However provide 16 dia bars at 130 mmC/C

Ast Provided = 15.46 cm2 > 20.71 cm2

Hence OK

Shear Force = 0.333 x 2.100 x 6.79 2

= 16.120 t

Shear stress = 16.120 x 103

100 104.20

= 1.547 Kg/cm2
 100 As/bd = 100 x 15.46
100 x 104.20

= 0.148 %

For 0.148 % M 20 grade concrete

from table 23 of IS:456-2000
tc = for 0.15 % 0.18 N/mm2
for 0.25 % 0.22 N/mm2
for 0.150 % 0.18 N/mm2 > 0.155 N/mm2
Hence Safe

Horizontal reinforcement:-
(as per cl.7.1.1 & cl.7.1.1.1 of IS:3370 (part-II)-1965 )
On each face =
0.08 x 110.00 x 100
100

= 8.8 cm2

Provide 12 mm dia bars at 140 mm C/C

(Horizontal rods on both faces)
Ast provided = 8.08 cm2

DESIGN OF TOE SLAB

8.5
2.7 1.60 4.200

6.464 9.690

7.489 8.096

Downward force due to self wt of heel slab:- 1.35 x 2.500 x 2.700

= 9.1125 t

Downward force due to wt of earth:- = 6.790 x 1.000 x 2.700

= 18.333 t

Total force = 9.1125 + 18.333

= 27.446 t

Total upward soil pressure= 0.5 x ( 6.464 + 7.489 ) x 2.700

= 18.837 t

C.G of trapezoidal pr. Diagram = ( 7.489 + 2 x 6.464 ) x 2.700

from face of stem ( 7.489 + 6.464 ) 3

= 1.317 m

Net BM at face of abutment = ( 27.446 x 1.4 - 18.837 x 1.317 )

= 12.244 t-m

Compressive stress of concrete(c) = 70 kgs/cm2(For M20 Grade of Concrete)

Tensile strength of steel(t) = 1900 kgs/cm2(For earth side)

Q = 10.111 J = 0.892
Depth required = M/Qb

= 12.244 x 105 / 10.111 x 100

= 34.799 cm

Providing 20 dia bars

Eff. Depth = 135.00 - 5 - 2.0 /2

= 129.00 cm > 34.799 cm

= Hence OK

Area of steel reqd. = M/tjd

t = 1900 Kg/cm2

j = 0.890

Ast = 12.244 x 105 / 1900 x 0.890 x 129.00

5.61 cm2

Provide 20 dia bars at 110 mm C/C

provided in shear consideration at top
Ast Provided 28.55 cm2 > 5.61 cm2
Hence OK

Shear Force

+ 20.140 0.60

d= 1.29
+ 13.350
2.7 1.60 4.2
1.350

+ 12.000

6.464
9.690

6.999 7.489
8.096

Shear Force = ( 6.999 + 6.464 )* 1.29 / 2

@ 'd' from stem

= 8.684 t

Shear stress 8.684 x 103

= 100 129.00

= 0.673 Kg/cm2

100 As/bd 100 x 28.55

= 100 x 129.00

0.221 %

For 0.221 % M20 grade concrete

 from table 23 of IS:456-2000
tc = for 0.50 % 0.3 N/mm2
for 0.75 % 0.35 N/mm2
for 0.500 % 0.300 N/mm2 > 0.067 N/mm2
Hence Safe

Min Vertical Steel & Horizontal steel: 0.08 % of CS Area

(as per cl.7.1.1 & cl.7.1.1.1 of IS:3370 (part-II)-1965 )
= 0.0008 x 100 x 135

= 10.8 cm2

However provide 12 dia bars at 230 mmC/C

Ast Provided = 4.91 cm2 > 10.80 cm2

DESIGN OF HEEL SLAB

2.908
2.7 1.60 4.200

1.292
6.464 9.690

7.489 8.096 8.586

Downward force due to self wt of toe slab:- 1.35 x 2.500 x 4.200

= 14.175 t

Total upward soil pressure= 0.5 x ( 8.096 + 9.690 ) x 4.200

= 37.351 t

C.G of trapezoidal pr. Diagram

from face of pier
=( 9.690 + 2 x 8.096 ) x 4.200
( 9.690 + 8.096 ) x 3

= 2.037 m

Net BM at face of abutment=( 14.175 x 2.100 - 37.351 x 2.163 )

= -51.012 t-m

Compressive stress of concrete(c) = 70 kgs/cm2(For M20 Grade of Concrete)

Tensile strength of steel(t) = 1900 kgs/cm2(For earth side)

Q = 10.111 J = 0.890

Eff. Depth = M/Qb

= 51.012 x 105 / 10.111 x 100

= 71.030 cm

Providing 16 dia bars

Eff. Depth = 135.00 - 5 - 1.6 /2

= 129.20 cm > 71.030 cm

= Hence OK
 Area of steel reqd. = M/tjd

t = 1900 Kg/cm2

j = 0.890

Ast = 51.012 x 105 / 1900 x 0.890 x 129.20

23.35 cm2

Provide 16 dia bars at 250 mm C/C

provided in shear consideration at top
Ast Provided 8.04 cm2 > 23.35 cm2
Hence OK

SHEAR FORCE AT DISTANCE 'd' FROM FACE OF STEM

Downward force due to self wt of toe slab:- 1.35 x 2.500 x 2.908

= 9.8145 t

Total upward soil pressure = 0.5 x ( 8.586 + 9.690 ) x 2.908

= 26.574 t

Shear Force = 26.574 - 9.814

= 16.759 t

Shear stress 16.759 x 103

= 100 129.20

= 1.297 Kg/cm2

100 As/bd 100 x 8.04

= 100 x 129.20

0.062 %

For 0.114 % & M20 Grade of concrete

For 0.000 % M20 grade concrete
from table 23 of IS:456-2000
tc = for 0.15 % 0.18 N/mm2
for 0.25 % 0.22 N/mm2
for 0.114 % 0.166 N/mm2 > 0.130 N/mm2
Hence Safe

TOE HEEL

16 Ø AT 250 C/C
12 Ø AT 230 C/C
13.350

12 Ø AT 230 C/C 12 Ø AT 230 C/C

12.000

20 Ø AT 115 C/C 12 Ø AT 230 C/C

2.7 1.60 4.200

Min Vertical Steel & Horizontal steel: 0.08 % of CS Area

(as per cl.7.1.1 & cl.7.1.1.1 of IS:3370 (part-II)-1965 )
= 0.0008 x 100 x 135
 = 10.8 cm2

However provide 12 dia bars at 230 mmC/C

Ast Provided = 4.91 cm2 > 10.80 cm2

 R.C.C.RETAINING WALL
R.C.C RETAINING WALL
DATA :
Metres SOIL
WALL TOP LEVEL : + 20.600 m MAX 31.641
WATER LEVEL : + 20.140 m MIN 0.143
FOUNDATION DEPTH : + 1.350 m
TOP OF FOUDATION : + 5.350 m OT 1.395 NOT OK
BOT. OF FOUNDATION : + 4.000 m S 0.77 NOT OK

:
TOP WIDTH 0.600 m
water SIDE BATTER : 1.500 m
EARTH SIDE BATTER : 1.500

WIDTH OF TOE SLAB : 4.500 m

WIDTH OF HEEL SLAB : 4.500 m
:
UNIT WT. OF CONC. : 2.500 T/cum
UNIT WT. OF WATER : 1.000 T/cum
ANGLE OF INTERNAL FRICTION : 30º

+ 20.140 + 20.600

W7 15.250
WATER

14.790
W4 W1
W2 W3
4.50 1.500 0.600 1.500 4.50 5.350
1.35 W6
4.000
BB
B 12.60

STRESS ON SOIL :(MOMENTS ABOUT 'B')

FORCE PARTICULARS MAG. L.A. MOMENT

TONS. MTS TON.MT.

W1 15.250 x 0.600 x x 2.500 22.875 6.300 144.112

W2 0.500 15.250 x 1.500 x 2.500 28.594 5.500 157.266

W3 0.500 x 15.250 x 1.500 x 2.500 28.594 7.100 203.016

W4 4.500 14.790 x x 1.000 66.555 2.250 149.749

W7 0.500 1.500 x 14.790 x 1.000 11.093 4.995 55.407

W6 12.60 X 1.350 X 2.500 42.525 6.300 267.908
∑V = 200.235 977.457

PH 0.500 x 16.140 x 16.140 x 1.000 130.250 5.380 700.744

130.250 ∑M = 1678.201
LEVER ARM = ∑M / ∑V = 1678.20 / 200.24
= 8.381 m
ECCENTRICITY = 12.600 / 2.000 - 8.381 = -2.081
ALLOWABLE LIMIT = 12.600 / 6.000 = 2.100 m < -2.081

MAX. STRESS= ∑V/b{1±6e/b}

MAX. STRESS= ( 200.235 / 12.600 ) { 1 + 6 x 2.081

/ 12.600 }

MAX. STRESS= 31.641 t/sq.mt.

MIN. STRESS= ( 200.235 / 12.600 ) { 1.00 - 6 x 2.081

/ 12.600 }

MIN, STRESS= 0.143 t/sq.mt.

FACTOR OF SAFETY AGAINST OVER TURNING = Resisting Moment/Overturning moment

= 977.46 / 700.744

FACTOR OF SAFETY AGAINST OVER TURNING = 1.395 > 2 OK

FACTOR OF SAFETY AGAINST SLIDING = µ∑V/∑H

Assuming µ = 0.5 (for concrete on soil)

(vide cl. 706.3.4of IRC:78-2000)

= 0.500 x 200.235 / 130.250

FACTOR OF SAFETY AGAINST SLIDING = 0.77 > 1.5 OK

DESIGN OF STEM:-

M = Ka x w x h3
6
Ka = 1 - sino
1 + sino
sin Æ = 30 0

Ka = 0.333

w = 2.100 t/m3

h = 14.790 m

M = 0.333 x 2.100 x 14.790 3

= 377.066 t-m

Eff. Depth = M/Qb

= 377.07 x 105 / 10.111 x 100

= 193.113 cm

Providing 16 dia bars

Eff. Depth = 210 - 5 - 1.6 /2

= 204.20 cm > 193.113

Hence OK

Area of steel reqd. = M/tjd

t = 1900 Kg/cm2

j = 0.890

Ast = 377.07 x 105 / 1900 x 0.890 x 204.20

= 109.20 cm2

Min Vertical Steel = 0.08 % of CS Area

(as per cl.7.1.1 & cl.7.1.1.1 of IS:3370 (part-II)-1965 )
= 0.0008 x 100 x 210

= 16.8 cm2 < 109.20 cm2

Spacing of 16 dia bars = 1.84 cm

However provide 16 dia bars at 130 mmC/C

Ast Provided = 15.46 cm2 > 109.20 cm2

Hence OK

Shear Force = 0.333 x 2.100 x 14.79 2

= 76.484 t

Shear stress = 76.484 x 103

100 204.20

= 3.746 Kg/cm2
 100 As/bd = 100 x 15.46
100 x 204.20

= 0.076 %

For 0.076 % M 20 grade concrete

from table 23 of IS:456-2000
tc = for 0.15 % 0.18 N/mm2
for 0.25 % 0.22 N/mm2
for 0.150 % 0.18 N/mm2 > 0.375 N/mm2
Not Safe

Horizontal reinforcement:-
(as per cl.7.1.1 & cl.7.1.1.1 of IS:3370 (part-II)-1965 )
On each face =
0.08 x 210.00 x 100
100

= 16.8 cm2

Provide 12 mm dia bars at 140 mm C/C

(Horizontal rods on both faces)
Ast provided = 8.08 cm2

DESIGN OF TOE SLAB

12.6
4.5 3.60 4.500

0.143 31.641

11.392 20.391

Downward force due to self wt of heel slab:- 1.35 x 2.500 x 4.500

= 15.1875 t

Downward force due to wt of earth:- = 14.790 x 1.000 x 4.500

= 66.555 t

Total force = 15.1875 + 66.555

= 81.743 t

Total upward soil pressure= 0.5 x ( 0.143 + 11.392 ) x 4.500

= 25.953 t

C.G of trapezoidal pr. Diagram = ( 11.392 + 2 x 0.143 ) x 4.500

from face of stem ( 11.392 + 0.143 ) 3

= 1.519 m

Net BM at face of abutment = ( 81.743 x 2.3 - 25.953 x 1.519 )

= 144.510 t-m

Compressive stress of concrete(c) = 70 kgs/cm2(For M20 Grade of Concrete)

Tensile strength of steel(t) = 1900 kgs/cm2(For earth side)

Q = 10.111 J = 0.892
Depth required = M/Qb

= 144.510 x 105 / 10.111 x 100

= 119.551 cm

Providing 20 dia bars

Eff. Depth = 135.00 - 5 - 2.0 /2

= 129.00 cm > 119.551 cm

= Hence OK

Area of steel reqd. = M/tjd

t = 1900 Kg/cm2

j = 0.890

Ast = 144.510 x 105 / 1900 x 0.890 x 129.00

66.25 cm2

Provide 20 dia bars at 110 mm C/C

provided in shear consideration at top
Ast Provided 28.55 cm2 > 66.25 cm2
Hence OK

Shear Force

+ 20.140 0.60

d= 1.29
+ 5.350
4.5 3.60 4.5
1.350

+ 4.000

0.143
31.641

8.167 11.392
20.391

Shear Force = ( 8.167 + 0.143 )* 1.29 / 2

@ 'd' from stem

= 5.360 t

Shear stress 5.360 x 103

= 100 129.00

= 0.415 Kg/cm2

100 As/bd 100 x 28.55

= 100 x 129.00

0.221 %

For 0.221 % M20 grade concrete

 from table 23 of IS:456-2000
tc = for 0.50 % 0.3 N/mm2
for 0.75 % 0.35 N/mm2
for 0.500 % 0.300 N/mm2 > 0.042 N/mm2
Hence Safe

Min Vertical Steel & Horizontal steel: 0.08 % of CS Area

(as per cl.7.1.1 & cl.7.1.1.1 of IS:3370 (part-II)-1965 )
= 0.0008 x 100 x 135

= 10.8 cm2

However provide 12 dia bars at 230 mmC/C

Ast Provided = 4.91 cm2 > 10.80 cm2

DESIGN OF HEEL SLAB

3.208
4.5 3.60 4.500

1.292
0.143 31.641

11.392 20.391 23.621

Downward force due to self wt of toe slab:- 1.35 x 2.500 x 4.500

= 15.1875 t

Total upward soil pressure= 0.5 x ( 20.391 + 31.641 ) x 4.500

= 117.072 t

C.G of trapezoidal pr. Diagram

from face of pier
=( 31.641 + 2 x 20.391 ) x 4.500
( 31.641 + 20.391 ) x 3

= 2.088 m

Net BM at face of abutment=( 15.188 x 2.250 - 117.072 x 2.412 )

= -248.224 t-m

Compressive stress of concrete(c) = 70 kgs/cm2(For M20 Grade of Concrete)

Tensile strength of steel(t) = 1900 kgs/cm2(For earth side)

Q = 10.111 J = 0.890

Eff. Depth = M/Qb

= 248.224 x 105 / 10.111 x 100

= 156.684 cm

Providing 16 dia bars

Eff. Depth = 135.00 - 5 - 1.6 /2

= 129.20 cm > 156.684 cm

= Hence OK
 Area of steel reqd. = M/tjd

t = 1900 Kg/cm2

j = 0.890

Ast = 248.224 x 105 / 1900 x 0.890 x 129.20

113.62 cm2

Provide 16 dia bars at 250 mm C/C

provided in shear consideration at top
Ast Provided 8.04 cm2 > 113.62 cm2
Hence OK

SHEAR FORCE AT DISTANCE 'd' FROM FACE OF STEM

Downward force due to self wt of toe slab:- 1.35 x 2.500 x 3.208

= 10.827 t

Total upward soil pressure = 0.5 x ( 23.621 + 31.641 ) x 3.208

= 88.640 t

Shear Force = 88.640 - 10.827

= 77.813 t

Shear stress 77.813 x 103

= 100 129.20

= 6.023 Kg/cm2

100 As/bd 100 x 8.04

= 100 x 129.20

0.062 %

For 0.114 % & M20 Grade of concrete

For 0.000 % M20 grade concrete
from table 23 of IS:456-2000
tc = for 0.15 % 0.18 N/mm2
for 0.25 % 0.22 N/mm2
for 0.114 % 0.166 N/mm2 > 0.602 N/mm2
Not Safe

TOE HEEL

16 Ø AT 250 C/C
12 Ø AT 230 C/C
5.350

12 Ø AT 230 C/C 12 Ø AT 230 C/C

4.000

20 Ø AT 115 C/C 12 Ø AT 230 C/C

4.5 3.60 4.500

Min Vertical Steel & Horizontal steel: 0.08 % of CS Area

(as per cl.7.1.1 & cl.7.1.1.1 of IS:3370 (part-II)-1965 )
= 0.0008 x 100 x 135
 = 10.8 cm2

However provide 12 dia bars at 230 mmC/C

Ast Provided = 4.91 cm2 > 10.80 cm2