Beginner Print
git init - Initialize a new Git repository. Tutorial
The 'git init' command is used to create a new, empty Git repository or to reinitialize an existing one.
This command sets up the necessary files and directories for Git to track changes in your project,
allowing you to start version control from scratch. It's typically the first command you run in a new
project to initiate tracking with Git.
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Initialize a New Repository
git init my-project
Reinitialize an Existing Repository
cd existing-project && git init
git clone <url> - Clone a repository into a new directory. Tutorial
The 'git clone <url>' command is used to create a copy of an existing Git repository. This command
downloads the repository and its entire version history into a new directory, allowing developers to work
with the code locally. It is the primary way to obtain a repository from a remote server.
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Clone a repository from GitHub
git clone https://github.com/user/repository.git
Clone a private repository using SSH
git clone
[email protected]:user/repository.git
Clone with a specific folder name
git clone https://github.com/user/repository.git my-folder
git add <file> - Stage changes to a specified file. Tutorial
The git add <file> command is used to stage changes in a specified file for the next commit in a Git
repository. This command allows users to selectively choose which changes to include in the commit,
effectively enabling them to build commits incrementally by organizing and grouping related changes
together.
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Stage a single file
git add file.txt
Stage multiple files
git add file1.txt file2.txt
Stage all changes in the directory
git add .
Stage all changes to a specific type of file
git add '*.html'
Stage all changes except for a specific file
git add --all :/ && git reset file_to_exclude.txt
git commit -m 'message' - Commit staged changes with a message. Tutorial
The 'git commit -m' command is used to record changes to the repository. When changes are staged
using 'git add', you can finalize these changes and include a descriptive message using the '-m' flag,
which helps in tracking the history of modifications made to the files.
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Commit a simple change
git commit -m 'Fixed typo in README file'
Commit after adding new feature
git commit -m 'Added authentication feature to user login'
Commit with detailed message
git commit -m 'Refactored user service to improve performance and reduce complexity'
Commit after fixing a bug
git commit -m 'Resolved issue with data validation on form submission'
git status - Show the working tree status. Tutorial
The 'git status' command is used to display the state of the working directory and the staging area. It
helps to inform you about which changes have been staged, which haven't, and which files aren’t being
tracked by Git. This is a crucial command to verify the current state of your repository before
committing changes.
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Check Status
git status
Check Status for Specific Path
git status <file-path>
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git log - View commit history. Tutorial
The 'git log' command is used to view the commit history of a Git repository. It displays a chronological
list of commits made to the repository, showing details such as the commit hash, author, date, and
commit message, which helps developers track changes and understand the evolution of the project.
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Basic Log
git log
One-line Log
git log --oneline
Log with Graph
git log --graph --abbrev-commit --decorate
Log by Author
git log --author='Author Name'
Log with Date Range
git log --since='2023-01-01' --until='2023-12-31'
git branch - List branches in the repository. Tutorial
The 'git branch' command is used to list, create, or delete branches in a Git repository. A branch is a
pointer to a commit, allowing developers to work on different features or fixes in isolation while keeping
the main codebase intact. This command helps in visualizing and managing the branches available in
the repository.
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List All Branches
git branch
List All Remote Branches
git branch -r
List All Local and Remote Branches
git branch -a
Show Current Branch
git branch --show-current
git checkout <branch> - Switch to the specified branch. Tutorial
The 'git checkout <branch>' command is used to switch between branches in a Git repository. This
allows developers to work on different features or fixes in isolation without affecting the main codebase.
When you switch branches, your working directory is updated to reflect the state of that branch,
including any files that are added, modified, or deleted.
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Checkout to an existing branch
git checkout feature-branch
Checkout to the main branch
git checkout main
Create and switch to a new branch
git checkout -b new-feature
View branches before checkout
git branch
git pull - Fetch from and integrate with another repository or a local branch.
Tutorial
The 'git pull' command is used to fetch changes from a remote repository and merge them into the
current branch. This command is a combination of 'git fetch' (which retrieves updates from a remote
repository) and 'git merge' (which integrates those updates into the local branch). It is essential for
keeping your local repository up to date with the latest changes made by others.
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Basic pull from origin
git pull origin main
Pull changes from a specific remote branch
git pull origin feature-branch
Pull and rebase instead of merge
git pull --rebase origin main
git push - Update remote refs along with associated objects. Tutorial
The 'git push' command is used to upload local repository content to a remote repository. This
command updates the remote refs with the local commits, effectively sharing changes made by the
developer with the rest of the team. It is essential for collaboration, as it allows all contributors to
access the latest changes in the project.
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Push to Default Remote Branch
git push
Push to a Specific Remote and Branch
git push origin main
Force Push Changes
git push --force
Push All Branches to Remote
git push --all
Push and Set Upstream Tracking
git push -u origin feature-branch
