sution: man walks per day = 85 km = 1 km Number of days ina veil 7 i Distance covered by the man in 7 days = 3! km x7 = x7 km t j 17, = 7d =382 km 2x1 f | Hence, he will cover 38k km in a week. Exercise FA) 1. Finlthe reciprocal of the following : @ Ss ) 11 24 a) & ay 2 2 + © 1 @ cry ) 14 ( 3 20 18 +. 4 o 1 OF @ > Os @ 55 35 2. Solve the following : 3 ies Tbs 2 of 2. xorg sorgt a 4 ) 5 of = © 50f95 1 2 4 Bor 2 4 (@) Fy 0360 kg () 5 of 35 kg © Foft2 Ve Evaluate : 3.16 2.41 aura 5 436 2 @ax> 0) 5x39 © 3B*43 @ ExexG < eee 1 1242 ©) 2x33 © 1px; RIy @ 3px22x1Z wD) 222 x32 UZ Salve the following : We 2132.5 7 1s 1 41)a(,2. 26 2m) 3.255 2 _ oN | tot i+x3+)4{42 x5& & 3*La5* a off alls al ( a* 3) 3°55) . 3 2.25 4 1 1,12 an 3 14.5 25)_(4,41 32)_(2_3 ~ (62 2) (3« 4) (23x2)- -( 3) y (is +$)(2 +3) é 5. Ateacher takes 6 periods in a day. The duration of each period is F hours. What isthe total duration of 6 periods? aN 6. “Find the area and'perimeter of a square of side 16:,m, 7. The cost of 1 m cloth is & 444, Find the cost of vi m of cloth, Ng8. Ina class of 50 students, 2 are gitls, How many boys are there in the class? 9. One bag of cement weighs 152 kg. Find the weight of 224 such bags. 10. Reta walks 3 km in 1 hour. How far does she go in 32 hours? 11. A tank can hold $2 litres of water. How much water is in the tank when it is 3 fu Qs ° Fill in the blanks to complete the given crossword puzzle : ACROSS = y 1. A fraction whose numerator is less than a denominator is a fraction. { i mol 2. The product of a fraction and its reciprocal is ae bya rt 3. The fractions having same denominator are called fractions, LI 4 The product of two proper fractions is always W then each of the two fractions, E 5. two fractions are such that their product is 1, then each is called the eithe ther! DOWN J i Fractions representing the same valug ate called b factions 7. pitertion whose denominator is multiple of 19 can be &xPressed as a 8. Improper fraction can also be expressed agg is 9. ‘The product oftwo improper fractions i always__.p ation. than each of the ti DBD» Division of Fra , 4 Division of a Fraction by a Whole Number 5 We have studied the division of whole ntinbers and nay an i tural numbers, p; 7 hrumber can be found in second number. nother words it wT evislen means how many tit O% ety ~ @° ‘ ion, O Mathematics-7) ae Let us consider an example : How much tg z +321 Dark shaded part= +5 Shaded. parte Shaded part=. @} Ww (id { | Fig. 25 i © Prom Fig Gi, is the reciprocal of3} ‘Therefore, dividing Z by 3iis the same as multiplying z by ‘Thus, So, we can conclude : To divide a fraction by a whole number, of the whole number. we multiply the fraction by the reciprocal For example: Divid (@ 244 @) 1245 iT 5 { Division of a Fraction by a Fraction In order to divide a fraction by another fraction, we multiply the first fraction (dividend) by the reciprocal of the other fraction (divisor) ' Thus, ‘i first fraction x reciprocal of second fraction For example : Divide : \ : ) 38438 7714 yo) (by) 38.413... 200a13 $26 x15 2 77147 14 7x13 «RT Division of a Whole Number by a Fraction In order to divide a whole number by a fraction, we multiply the whole number by the reciprocal of the fraction. © For example : Divide : 3 8 @) 7+> (b) 20+— 4 1 (Mathematics-7) ~~ ye OMERE EXAMPLES Example 1. Divide 33 by 48, Solution: 33..4g= 24, 4g (conver improper fraction as a proper fra: 7 7 m { ae =, 101 [: Reciprocal of 4816 7° 48°14 ‘ L ~ 48 Divide the sum of2 and 2 py 4! 3,2).4 (342) 4 lution : S42].5_(3+2 sewer: (242)o4, (282 Example 2. Example 3, Solution : i 5. Reciprocal of > F “ 14 Exercisepm) 4° -{ 1. Divide the following + 1 3 @ 47 ) 347 ‘i 2 9 7 y° aa i @) 943 3+) © 1345 24 i 21% Si (g) 53434. 2. Divide the following : 12 | Oa 510 es ‘ OSs % % 334 (oars a10. ‘The weight of 16 bags is 124 kg, Find the weight of 1 bag. ( ‘The price of 1 kg sugar is € 18, How many kilograms of sugar can be bought for € 292? ‘The product of two numbers is 2. If one number is x find the other number. ‘The area of a rectangle is 654 square metre. If its breadth is sz m, find its length. | Divide the sum of 8 and $ by the product of 2 and sh. Somya has % 52, She wants to buy chocolate with this money. If the price of one chocolate is wh how many chocolates can she buy? Ina school, of the students boys. If the number of girls in the school is 200, find the total number of students in the school. We have already studied about decimals. A decimal has two parts—the whole number part and the decimal part. decimal part. The part on the left side of the dot is the whole number part and the part on right side is the For example, in the decimal number 72.09, 72 is the whole number and .09 is the decimal part. The word ‘decimal is derived from the Latin word decima means ‘one-tenth part’. 4 Without changing the value of decimal number, we can write as many zeroes on the extreme left of the whole number part as we want. For example, 0.5 = 00.5 = 000.5, 4. Without changing the value of decimal number, we can write as many zeroes on the extreme right of the decimal part as we want. For example, 0.5 = 0.50= 0.500 1 Natural numbers, whole numbers, odd numbers, even numbers, prime numbers et, can all be written as decimal numbers. Every fraction can be written as a decimal number. Expanded Notation for Decimal Numbers We know that5789 = 5000 + 700 + 80 + 9 is the expanded notation for number 5789. Similarly, decimal numbers can also be expanded. For example, and 147.2 =100 + 40+7+ 2 =100+ 4047402 ° ° 20 180.05 = 100+ 80 +0 + 2. +2 = 100 +80 +0+0.0 + 0.05 © re 10 100 °@ (Mathematics) ~) °O,@30 °i imals. 2.657 and 2 Decimals having the same number of decimal places are called as like decimals. and 2. like decim: ‘als as the number of decimal places in both of them is 3. Decimals having an unequal number of deci imal places are called as unlike decimals. 2.4 and unlike decimals as they have different decit imal places. Addition and Subtraction of Decimals YY To add or subtract two decimals we proceed as follows : @ Write the decimals as like decimals, Gd Write the decimals in column with their decimal Points exactly below each other and ot! according to their place value, Gil) Add or subtract them as whole numbers, (iv) Put the decimals in the answi er exactly below the other d Sxemple 1. Write the following ex lecimal point. panded forms as decimal numbers, 1 52: (a) eta rr a ©) 80+03+0.005 ie 2 uti 200+30+6+24_2 _ Solution (a) + 10 * too 236.12 (b) 80 +03 +0.005 =80 +04034.9. Example 2, Add 8.54, 25.1 and 2.58, Solution 0 +0.005 = 80.305 Example 3. Subtract 105.65 from 200, Solution : Hence, 200 ~ 195 65 — 94.35 Exercise pj ah Convert the following untike decimals ing Tike deg (a) 1.2, 2.25, 3.175, 5.2 Gecimats ; Mathematics-7 e2. Convert the following like decimals into unlike deci z (a) 63.500, 265.250, 50.626 (b) 72. 250, 165.300, 275.35 3. Write the following decimal numbers in the expanded form : (a) 266.58 (b) 308.5 (©) 400.08 (@) 81.52801 (©) 2.5081 (©) 0.510101 4, Write the following expanded forms as decimal numbers : (@) 800 +5+0.1 + 0.08 (b) 1000 +80+1+08 (©) 50+8+0.2+0.005 (@) 800 + 0.008 + 0.0008 5. Simplify : (a) (0.78 + 8.28) (b) 10.78 - 5.99 (©) 0.525 + 6.208 + 5.7 @ (821+5)-135 (©) (8.5-18.05)+2.152 (2.874 -5.48) + 18.1 What should be added to 4.187 to get 9? What should be subtracted from 18.42 to get 11.98? What should be added to the difference of 7.124 and 5.62 to get 10? By how much is the sum of 15.29 and 10.812 greater than their difference? ‘The normal temperature of a human being is 98.6°F. If the temperature of a person was 102.8°F, how much was it above the normal? Seer »Multiplication of Decimal Fractions ~. We have already learnt the multiplication of whole numbers and natural numbers. Now, we shalll learn multiplication of decimal fractions. Multiplication of Decimal Fraction by 10, 100 and 1000. Rule: When a decimal number is multiplied by 10, 100 or 1000, the digits in the product remains the same as in decimal number but the decimal point is shifted to : (1 place to the right if it is multiplied by 10. (ii) 2 places to the right if it is multiplied by 100. (iii) 3 places to the right if it is multiplied by 1000. We observe that when we multiply a decimal number by 10, or powers of 10, the product is obtained simply by shifting the decimal point to the right by as many places as the number of zeros in the multiplier after 1. For example: 126.735 x 10 = 1267.35 (Number of zeros after 1 is 1) 126.735 x 100 = 12673.5 (Number of zeros after 1 is 2) 126.735 x 1000 = 126735.0 (Number of zeros after 1 is 3) ©xample 1, Find 2.075 x 100. Solution; Number of zeros in the multiplier (100) after 1 is 2. So, the decimal point will move two °C places to its right. oe 2.075 x 100 = 207.5 °@ e290. (Mathematics-7 e_ ae am BD Muttiplication of Decimal by a Whole Number Rule : 1. To multiply a decimal fraction (multiplicand) by a whole number, we multiply whole 1, ignoring the decimal point. 7 2. Then we insert the decimal point in the product in such a way tha there are as many places in the product as in the given decimal fraction (multiplicand). Example 2, Find 1,213 x 125. Solution : Here, 1213 x 125 = 151625 Since, the given decimal has three decimal places, Hence, 1.213 x 125 = 151.625, Multiplication of Decimal by Another Decimal... Rule: @__ We multiply the given decimal numbers without decimal as whole numbers. CH Then we mark the decimal point inthe produetby counting as many places from the rg! the sum of the number of decimal places of the given decimal nabs, - Example 3. Multiply 1.35 by 1.43, Solution: Here, 135x143 =19305 Now, decimal places in mult and decimal places in multi Sum of decimal places =2 42 = 4 Hence, 1.35 x 1.43 = 1,9305 Example 4. Find the products of the following : (a) 2.975 x 100 licand (1.35) is 2, plier (1.43) is also 2, ) 2.975 x 19 Solution: (a) 2.975 x 100=297,5 (Dect (©) 2.975 x 1000 (b) 2.975 x10 =29,75 oe 1 Sifted t0 wo places to the rig” decimal is shitte, B (©) 2.975 x 1000 = 2975.9 i lifted to one la e right) SxampleS. Ataxicoversadistance of 16,5 kaj (Decimal is sified to tee Be ca ae 5.5 litres of petrol? NI Iltre of peteot. How moti Pegcapo the rig Solution Distance covered in 1 litre = 16.5 km Pg 5 km Distance covered in 5.5 titres pele $16.5 x ° Hence in 5.5 lites of petrol, tax ie km = 90.75 km O Example 6. Find the cost of 25.4 m of chary, nt SET a dist h, if @ @ Solution Cost of 1 mcloth =z 50.50 Cost of NCE of 90.7: ™ cloth js z S km, 50.50, Mathematics-7 | : aC * 300 e@ oF ‘”Cost of 25.4 m cloth =% 50.50 x 25.4 =% 1282.70 Therefore, cost of 25.4 m cloth is % 1282.70, 1. Find the product of the following : (a) 2.7510 (b) 2.01 x 10 (© 0.2416 x 100 (d) 2.61 x 1000 (© 0.13 x 100 ® 89x100 (g) 16.17 100 (h) 2.31 x 1000 2, Find the product of the following : (@) 13x7 (b) 2.57 x18 © 15x9 (d) 0.225 x13 (e) 49.25 x25 (19.84 x27 (g) 16.3479 (h) 0.427 x 235 3. Find the product of the following : (@) 3.6x0.5 (b) 1.21.2 (© 114.2%2.14 @) 13%1.5%2.7 (©) 4.21x7.25 ( 12.23 x63 @ 12.24x65 (h) 13.63 x 1.1 @ 13.25x15 @ 19.84 27.9 @® 0.235 x4.8 @ 1.475 x 2.112 4. Solve the following word problems : (a) The price of one metre of cloth is % 62.85. Find the price of 23 m of cloth. (b) Shubham saves 0.2 part of his salary every month. If his monthly salary is ¥ 5500, how much will he save in one year? (©) If Im is equal to 39.37 inches, how many inches will be equal to 16 m? (4) How much would a dozen oranges cost, if the price of one orange is & 6.457 > Division of Decimal Fractions. We are familiar with the division of two fractional numbers or two whole numbers. Here, we shall learn the division of two decimals. Division of a Decimal by 10, 100, 1000... “ule: "When we divide a decimal by 10, 100, 1000, ete, the decimal point shifts to its left as many places as the number of zeros in the divisor after 1. For example, Divide : 285.6 by 10 285.6 by 100 pe noc) ry, ay 02856 2856 _ ae 56. 28516 _» g56,; =0.2856 10 ; 100 1000 Dnt vision of a Decimal by a Whole Number or a Decimal Fraction order to divide a ay decimal by a whole numbers, we follow these rule : A Simply divide a decimal considering as a whole number by a given whole number. ® (Mathematics-7) (~) ° o31. ri e 29ee ae rt of the dividend is comples, 2. Put the decimal point in the quotient where whole number pa proceed, Example 1 Find 44.1+ 21, Solution Direct method : So, 44.1+21=2.1 In order to divide a decimal by a decimal, we follow these rule : é a 1. _ Note the number of decimal places in the divisor. Make the divisor a whole number an in shift the decimal point to the right by as many places as the number of decimal places in the : 2. Now divide the new dividend by the whole number. Example 2. Divide 0.09555 by 2.73. Solution: Number of decimal places in the divisor = 2 Shift the decimal point 2 places to the right in the dividend. ‘Thus, the new dividend is 9.555 Hence, 0.09555 + 2.73 =0.035 Example 3. If 25 bags of wheat weighs 412.5 kg. Find the weight of 1 bag. Solution: Weight of 25 bags of wheat = 412.5 kg Weight of 1 bag of wheat 12.5 Ao ig =16 5g, Weight of 1 bag of wheat is 16,5 kg. Exercise pi] 1. Divide the following : (@) 9.69+10 (b) 13.05 +19 © 1.305 (©) 56.192+10 O 0.734 +9 a +60 roms ig.” Dro7a+tbo @) 479.254 199, e848 ; ® 167.3 +1009 ) 2 (h) 100.32 + 100 2 Find the quotient of the following « 31.7479 ) 49.6+80 a cae poelg © 5. Sg eee (© 280.6 -45 + 0.2 (@) 25395415 ped oi. @) 9.69+19 oO 2.0484+ 0.19 01024.1.7 A 3. Solve the following word Problems « ® Inia. 9 21) 0.759+03 @ The product of two decimal ae p @ 236.6 + 0.26 (©) Asum of 4483.60 was bers is 31.58 hi : If oy (©) Apile of books is 54,4 enh iste " os Of them is 2.15, find the othe! pile? Bh teach ben 7 Ee = book is 3.2 ©M thicge Y MUCh did each work ‘Mathematics-7) ck, ; “NOW many books are the!’ | * 32 Cy rsnumerator Is less than Its denominator, proper fractions are those whose se numerator Is greater than or equal ta Its denominator. Improper fractions are those who: ed fractions are the combination of a whole number anda proper fraction. proper fractions having numerator 2 are called unt fractions, for adding or subtracting two fractions, they are first converted into equivalent fra denominator. ‘The operator ‘of’ means multiplication. ifthe product of two fractions Is 3, then each of ther ctions with the same sm is the reciprocal of the other. The reciprocal of O does not exist. ‘The reciprocal of 1 is 1. ‘Afraction whose denominator is 1umbers written in decimal form are called decimals. sare called like decimals, 10 or some positive integral power of 10%salled a decimal fraction. The ni Decimals having same number of decimal place: otherwise they are unlike decimals. change its value. ‘e extreme right of the decimal part of a decimal number does not 1ge them into like decimals. decimal point of the decimal to the left by as many places of ‘Adding zeros to th While adding or subtracting decimals, we first chan} To divide a decimal by 10, 100, 1000 ete., shift the decimal as the number of zeros in the divisor. Multiple Choice Questions© is reduced to its lowest term. What kind of fraction do you get? 150 31 2. Jyrwhen multiplied by x gives the product as 1. Which fraction does x represent? 3. The sum of 24.75 and 20.25 is multiplied by their difference. What is the product thus obtained? 4, Isthe division of 18.75 by 2.5 and 18.750 by 2.50 are the same? If so, why? Topic : Multiplication of decimals. Objective To represent the product of decimal on 10 x 10 grid by drawing horizontal/vertic: | ~ lines and shaping. PREREQUISITE KNOWLEDGE : 1. Fraction. 2, Multiplication of fractions. PROCEDURE: 1, Draw three 10 x 10 grids. 3 2. Torepresent 3 ie, >, colour three strips pink vertically in frst grid. 3. To represent.7i.e., Z colour 7 strips horizontally with blue colour in second grid. 4, _ Inthe third grid shade three strips vertically with pink colour and 7 strips horizontally with blue colow 5. The double shaded portion represent 0.3 x 0.7. 6. Now count the number of squares which are double shaded. Fat Figs Fig. They are 21, hence the double shaded portion represent, OBSERVATION: e 0.7 x 0.3 = 0.21, _ (Mathematics-7 A & bhMASTERSTROK, % S atte rt