Changes
Matter is anything that takes up space and can be
weighed. There are many different substances, or types
of matter, in the universe.
Could you make examples of matter?
Matter is capable of undergoing changes, which are
classified as either physical or chemical.
Physical change Chemical change
Physical changes in matter chemical change is very
are often reversible. For different. A burning log
example, an ice cube can melt demonstrates this. The log turns
into liquid water, and then to ashes. However, its ashes
the liquid water can be cannot be changed back into a
refrozen into an ice cube. log.
for the physical change and for the chemical change
Rusting of iron Breaking a glass Melting an ice cube
Boiling water Crumbling of paper Cooking an egg
Burning of coal Digestion of food Mixing sand and water
What is physical change and chemical change?
In a physical change, the structure of the changed material remains
the same before and after the change. Physical changes may affect
the texture, shape, and temperature of a substance.
A chemical change takes place when the composition of a substance is
altered. A chemical change results in the rearranging of atoms in
substances. This rearrangement leads to the creation of brand new
molecules. The new molecules are the products of the chemical
reaction.
Difference between physical change and chemical change
Physical change Chemical change
No new substance formed. A new substance is formed.
Change in physical property Change in physical and
occurs chemical occurs.
It is a reversible process. It is an irreversible process.
It is a temporary change. It is a permanent change.
No energy is generated. Energy is generated in the
form of heat, sound, light,
etc
The changes of the state of matter
Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space. All matter is
made up of particles. These particles are so small that we cannot see
them with the naked eye.
Solids, liquids and gases are the three states of matter.
Solids are usually hard and have a fixed shape. The shape of solids
can change when force is applied to it. For example, wet clay can be
moulded into different shapes such as pots, pans, bricks and so on.
Liquids are substances in which the particles are not so closely
packed. Liquids have no fixed shape and can flow. They take the
shape of the container in which they are pored into.
Gases are substances in which the particles are very loosly packed.
As theyhave no fixed shape they occupy the entire space available
to them. Gases flow easily and have no fixed shape or volume.
State these items into solid, liquid or gas.
A wooden chair
The bubles in the lemonade
Orange juice
Tomato ketchup
A piece of chocolate
The air inside the balloon
Write true or false for these statements.
Gases can be squashed
Solids can change shape on their own
Gravity keeps liquids at the bottom of a container
Gases don’t weight anything
In solids, liquids and gases the particles behave in different
ways. Describe how the particle behave in each one.
State of matter How do the particles behave?
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Fill in the blank space in the table given below.
property solids liquids gases
Volume Fixed volume
Shape Fixed shape Can change No __
Can flow
Flow
very easily
Tick the correct answers
Particles are very closely packed in:
Solids Liquids Gases
A state of matter that changes its shape according to the container:
Solids Liquids Gases
The example of gaseous state is:
Chalk Milk Smoke
The state of matter which cannot flow is:
Solids Liquids Gases
State of matter which has no fixed volume:
Solids Liquids Gases
There are many types of matter around us. The matter
in our daily life may be in solid, liquid, or gas. Matters
may change from one state to another when being
heated up or cooled down until a certain level. This is
called changes of state.
Sublimation
Solidification Condensation
Melting Vaporization
Decomposition
Solid Liquid Gas
What is change of state of matter
Changing states of matter occur when matter loses or absorbs energy.
When a substance absorbs energy; the atoms and molecules move more
rapidly and this increased kinetic energy pushes particles far enough
that they change form. This energy is usually heat or thermal energy
The temperature at which solid changes into liquid form is
considered the melting point.
The temperature at whish a liquid turns into its
vapor form is considered the boiling point.
Fill in these blanks with ‘heat’ and ‘cold’ to show how state
of matter can change
From a gas to a liquid
From a liquid to gas
From a solid to a gas
From a liquid to a solid
Define these words
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Melting
Vaporization
Condensation
Sublimation
Solidification
Deposition
Draw the diagram to explain the changing of state of matter
Explain what happens in each process
Solid to liquid
Liquid to solid
Liquid to gas
Gas to liquid
Dissolution of substances in water
Dissolution is a physical change of substances from putting a substance in
water and the substance mix with water well until it is uniform and the
substance is still the same. It’s called a solution.
The substance can be a solid, liquid or gas. Some
substance can dissolve in water and some
substance cannot dissolve in water but can
dissolve in other solution.
How can you tell if a substance has dissolved?
The solution will be transperent and the solute will be completely
mixed and not visible. If a substance has not dissolved the solution
will appear cloudy or opaque.
What are the difference
between solvent and
solute?
Draw a labelled particle diagram of a salt water solution
Chemical changes
When a change takes place and a new substance is formed we say
that a chemical change has taken place. This is also known as a
chemical reaction. Chemical changes are often difficult to reverse so
the changes that take place are often seen as being permanent.
How are the chemical changes different from
physical changes?
These chemical changes are happening around us all the time. Examples
include when a match is lit or anything is burned, when food is cooked,
when food rots and when metals rust (especially when they are left
outside). In each case, there are signs that a chemical reaction has
taken place. These signs can include when there is a change in colour,
when heat is produced and when bubbles of gas are produced.
What are three signs that a chemical reaction could be taking place?
Reversible and Irreversible Changes in Substance
Changes in a substance can be natural or man-made. When a substance
changes and it can be changed back to its original form, we call
reversible change. But if a substance changes and it cannot be changed
back to its original form, we call that an irreversible.
melting of ice A rotten apple
Physical changes of substances are reversible changes
Chemical changes of substances are irreversible changes
Give examples of reversible changes and irreversible changes
Reversible changes Irrevesible changes
Instruction: Choose the most correct answer for each question
Which cannot dissolve in water?
1. Salt.
2. Alcohol.
3. Naphthalene balls.
4. Oxygen.
Which is not correct?
1. Iron filing can disolve in water.
2. Food coloring can dissolve in water.
3. Carbon dioxide can be dissolvein water.
4. Solvent + solute = solution.
Which is a physical change in the states of matter?
1. The ripping of fruits.
2. The forming of rust.
3. Burning.
4. Condensation.
Which is not a state of matter?
1. Gas.
2. Viscous.
3. Liquid.
4. Solid.
Which is not a chemical change?
1. The forming of rain.
2. Burning.
3. The forming of rust.
4. The ripping of fruits.
Which is a physical change in the states of matter?
1. The ripping of fruits.
2. Burning.
3. Condensation.
4. The forming of rust.
Which is a properties of chemical changes?
1. No new substance is formed.
2. The new sustance cannot turn back to its original form.
3. The new substance has the same properties.
4. The new sustance can turn back to its original form.
How can we see in chemical changes?
1. Precipitating.
2. Change of color.
3. Making gass bubbles.
4. All are correct.
Which is reversible?
1. The ripping of strawberries.
2. The forming of rust on iron.
3. The change of a butterfly peas’ color.
4. Paper burning.
Which is reversible?
1. Dissolution.
2. Vaporization.
3. Melting
4. All are correct
