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Additional Notes

The document outlines the components of a database, including various file types such as datafiles, control files, redo log files, and backup files, along with their purposes and implications of loss. It also distinguishes between a database and a database instance, explaining that an instance manages database files in memory while a database exists on disk. Importantly, it notes that while a database instance can exist without a database, losing critical files can result in data loss.

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Katelyn Ramphal
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5 views4 pages

Additional Notes

The document outlines the components of a database, including various file types such as datafiles, control files, redo log files, and backup files, along with their purposes and implications of loss. It also distinguishes between a database and a database instance, explaining that an instance manages database files in memory while a database exists on disk. Importantly, it notes that while a database instance can exist without a database, losing critical files can result in data loss.

Uploaded by

Katelyn Ramphal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Database Files:

 Organized collection of information. Contains collection of database files


stored in disk storage.

Name Information Note Extension


Datafiles Contains actual users, If you lose datafiles, you .dbf
data, application data, lose the database
meta data (tables, rows,
indexes, procedures,
views)
Control fies Stores meta data about the If you lose control files you .ctl
detafiles and online redo lose your db
files (names, locations,
status) and this info is
required by the db instance
to open the db
Redo log Stores changes to the db If you lose, you lose the .log
files as they occur and they are db
used for data recovery
Database Includes any backups for It should include data,
backup files your db that you have control and redo log files
taken and placed
somewhere safe
Archived Groups of redo log files Using these files and
redo log that contains ongoing backup files to recover the
files history of the data changes db
Parameter Types spfile and pfile Spfile is binary, you cant
file Defines how the db directly edit it, it should be
instance is configured by oracle commands. If
when it starts up you lose spfilethats no
issue, it can be created
again
Example the pga size
PGA_AGGREGATE
TARGET
Password Stores passwords for users DBA password cant be
file with administrative stored in the DB because
privileges (sys user) in oracle cant access the db
order to connect remotely) before the instance is
started therefor the
authentication dba must
happen outside the db
Alert Log Is a chronological log of Example: you can see
File messages and errors when the db was start and
written out by an oracle db. stopped
So this is your go to file in
case youre trying to
troubleshoot a problem
with your database
Trace file Each server and
backgrounf process writes
to a trace file. When a
process detects an internal
error it writes info about the
error to the trace file
Database VS Database Instance

Oracle DB consists of two major components:


- DB storage
- Oracle Innstance

Instance: A DB instance is a set of memory structures and processes that manage


database files. Note a DB instance only exists in memory

- Every running oracle database is associated with at least one Oracle Db


instance
- Because an instance exists inn memory and a Db exists on disk, an instance
CAN exist WITHOUT a DB and a DB CAN exist WITHOUT an instance
- Losing instance no issue, losing data files for example = losing the database

What he is trying to say is you need an instance of word (i.e. a database instance) in
order to create and work with a document (i.e. a database).
Database Instance

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