QUARTER 3
Health 9
Unintentional Injury Prevention, Safety and First Aid
Name:_________________________________Section:_______________________Score:__________
Learning Competencies:
INTRODUCTION :
“Prevention is better than cure.” Practicing this principle advocates safety awareness which is essential in
achieving quality of life. But our immediate environment poses danger to everyone. No place is considered safe not
even in the comfort of our homes. Accidents may happen to anybody at any place, at anytime. Thus, taking the right
safety measures greatly helps prevent accidents and injuries. Nevertheless, when accidents happen, it is important
to have the knowledge and skills to deal with them. Having knowledge and skills on safety education and injury
prevention could help you, your loved ones and other people in your community during emergency situations.
This learner’s module offers you a wide array of information that can start you on the road to injury
prevention. It focuses on the common unintentional injuries that may happen at home, in your school, at work and
even in recreational areas, and analyzes why such injuries occur. In order to prevent or reduce the risks of these
serious injuries, you will learn the concepts and principles of safety education, practice the habits of observing
appropriate personal safety measures; and take responsibility for your safety and that of others by performing
appropriate skills and knowledge in first aid procedure.
To facilitate learning and make it more interesting and enjoyable, various learning aids and strategies are
especially crafted just for you to expand and reinforce your knowledge and skills about safety education.
Keep in mind that accidents and injuries can be a result of a situation, an unsafe action or unsafe
environment. You can do a lot to prevent injuries by understanding the situation, being cautious and being aware of
safety hazards in your immediate environment.
The processes of developing awareness of immediate hazards and dangers, equipping you with appropriate
accident prevention skills to overcome these hazards, and keeping everyone alive are components of safety
education. Safety education is important because living is more enjoyable when we are safe. Therefore, make safety
a vital part of life. Always remember that if you want to live happily, you have to:
do things safely reduce unnecessary risk taking
reduce the risk of accidents develop safety consciousness at all times
The Basics of First Aid
First Aid is an immediate and temporary care given to a person who suddenly gets ill r injured. It includes
self-help and home care if medical assistance is not available or delayed. It can mean the difference between life and
death in extreme cases. However, we must know the limits of the first aid we can give because improper first aid can
actually do more harm than good in some instances. Anyone who gives first aid is a first aider.
Roles of First Aid
1. It is a bridge that fills the gap between the victim and the physician.
2. It is not intended to compete with or to take the place of the services of the physician.
3. It ends when the services of the physician begins.
Objectives of First Aid
1. To save lives
2. To prolong life
3. To alleviate suffering
4. To prevent further injury
Characteristics of a Good First Aider
1. Gentle-does not cause pain and panic
2. Observant-notices all signs
3. Resourceful-makes the best use of things at hand
4. Tactful- does not frighten the victim
5. Sympathetic- comforts and reassures the victim Principles of First Aid
(Dos in Giving First Aid)
1. DO stay calm.
2. DO reassure and comfort the victim.
3. DO check for a medical bracelet indicating a condition, such as epilepsy or diabetes.
4. DO loosen any tight clothing.
5. DO keep the victim covered to reduce shock
(Don’ts in Giving First Aid)
1. DON’T give food and drink to an unconscious person.
2. DON’T move an injured person unless you need to place him/her in the recovery position.
Steps in Assessing Emergency Situations
Conditions Requiring First Aid
First Aid
First Aid
Wounds
Closed Wounds
First Aid
Open Wounds First Aid
Abrasion is caused by rubbing or scraping the skin
against a rough surface.
Laceration is a blunt breaking or tearing of soft tissues usually resulting from mishandling tools and other
accidents.
Avulsion is a forcible tearing or partial tearing away of tissues.
Fracture
a medical condition in which there is a break in the
continuity of the bone. A bone fracture can be the
result of high force impact or stress, or trivial injury
as a result of certain medical conditions that weaken
the bones
Types of Fracture
Signs and Symptoms First Aid
Pain and swelling at the fracture site.
Tenderness close to the fracture.
Paleness and deformity (sometimes).
Loss of pulse below the fracture, usually in an
extremity (this is an emergency).
Numbness, tingling or paralysis below the fracture (rare; this
is an emergency).
Bleeding or bruising at the site.
Weakness and inability to bear weight.
Dressing and Bandaging
Dressing-a piece of sterile cloth that covers a wound to prevent infection and/or to stop bleeding
Bandages are used to apply pressure to
bleeding; for covering wounds and burns;
and providing support for immobilization for
broken bones, sprains and strains.There are
three main types of bandages namely:
triangular, ace and tubular. Triangular
bandage is made from cloth and can be
used as cold compress, padding, support for
pressure, or support sling. Ace bandage secures dressings in place. Tubular bandage is used to support joints or hold
dressings in place. Smaller tubular bandage is used for finger injuries.
Two Phases of Bandaging
Open Phase Bandaging
Cravat Phase bandaging
Different Kinds of Transport
One-man Transport
Fireman’s Carry – the easiest way to Piggy Back – when the victim is Pack Strap Carry - when the victim is
transport a light and smaller victim conscious smaller than the first aider
Shoulder Drag – used when the floor Fireman’s Drag or Tied-hands Crawl Blanket Drag
is smooth, short distance transport – used when first aider and victim • used when the victim is seriously
must crawl underneath a low injured and should not be lifted.
structure
Two-man Carry
Chair or Seat Carry – when there are two first aiders and a chair is available
Three or More-Man Transport
Hammock Carry – when there are Bearer Alongside Carry – carriers Six-Man Lift or Carry
three first aiders will stay on the uninjured side of the When there are six first aiders
victim
First Aid for Common Unintentional Injuries
Dislocation
1. Call for help immediately 3. Do not try to move the dislocated part or force it back into pa 2.
2. Splint the affected part 4. Apply ice on the injured part to induce swelling
Sprain/Strain
1. Rest the injured part 3. Compress the injured part
2. Apply ice 4. Elevate
Heat Exhaustion
1. Transport the victim to a cool place 3. Check for vital signs
2. Give him plenty of water 4. Seek for medical help
Food Poisoning
1. Help the person to lie down and rest
2. Give him plenty of flavorless fluid and a bowl to use if he vomits
3. Call for medical help if the condition worsens
Choking
1. Ask the person if he is choking 4. If it fails, try abdominal thrusts
2. Encourage him to cough 5. Check his mouth for obstructions
3. Give him 5 back blows if he cannot speak or stops coughing 6. If not clear, call for ambulance
Drowning
1. Lay the person down 4. If he is breathing, place him in recovery position
2. Check breathing and open the airway 5. Treat for hypothermia by removing wet clothes and cover with
3. Give CPR if necessary dry blanket
Heart Attack
1. Help the person sit or lie down with head elevated
2. Call for medical help
3. If he is conscious, give full-dose aspirin and advise to chew slowly
4. Monitor vital signs
5. Give rescue breaths and chest compression if necessary
Burns
1. Flood with cold water and cover if minor
2. For severe, help the person to lie down and douse the burn with cold liquid
3. Do not delay medical help
4. Wear gloves and gently remove accessories/clothing then cover
5. Monitor vital signs and treat for shock
Heat Stroke
1. Move to a cool place and loosen clothing
2. Call for medical help
3. Wrap in cold wet sheet until it return to normal body temperature
4. Monitor vital signs
