Benha University Faculty of Computers & Informatics
st
1 Term (January 2014) Final Exam Date: 9/1/2014
Class: 4th Year Students Time: 3 Hours
Subject: Image Processing Examiner: Dr. Mazen Selim
Answer the following questions:
Question (1) Answer with true or false (10 Marks)
a) An image with low contrast has wide histogram distribution
b) The idea behind contrast stretching is to increase the dynamic range of the gray levels in the image
being processed
c) High-boost filtering gives us the flexibility to decrease the contribution made by the image to overall
enhanced result.
d) A Degradation is defined at points for which H(u,v) is down to a certain fraction of its maximum value
e) Convolution is the same as correlation expect that , the filter is first rotated by 180 degree
f) Power-law function maps a narrow range of low gray-level values in the input image into a wider
range of output levels.
g) Single valued is required to guarantee the inverse transformation will exist
h) Laplacian filter replaces the pixel value by the median value in the neighborhood
i) The number of bits used to quantize the image is known as intensity reslution.
j) When using the contraharmonic filter positive values of Q eliminates the pepper noise.
Question (2) (15 Marks) (6+7+2)
Suppose that you have been given the 3-bit 4x4 image shown in the figure(a) as below.
A. Show the output image as a result of histogram equalization.
B. Using the same image matrix as in the previous example, show the output image as the desired
histogram as in fig. (b).
C. Find the average(mean) intensity and the standard deviation using the pdf distribution
0 0 0 4
1 1 1 5
1 2 2 7
2 2 2 7
-a- -b-
Question (3) (12 Marks) (3+6+3)
a) Explain the types of noise in terms of their propability characterstics
b) The image given below is a 3 X 3 image. What will the value of the center pixel change to when this
image is passed through
a. Arithmetic mean filter 1 7 5
b. Geometric mean filter 6 2 3
c. Harmonic mean filter 1 4 2
c) Explain how can we redue the effect of perodic noise in the frequency domain?
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Question (4) (16 Marks) (3+2+6+2+3)
a) Explain how to measure the image information?
b) Consider the simple 4X8, 8-bit image: 21 160 21 95 169 245 255 100
a. Compute the entropy of the image: 21 160 21 95 169 245 255 100
b. Compress the image using Huffman coding 21 160 21 95 169 245 255 100
c. Compute the compression achieved and the 21 160 21 95 169 245 255 100
effectiveness of the Huffman coding
d. Redistribute the image intensities according to 6 bits/gray
Question (5) (12 Marks) (8+4)
a) Given an input image of size 7 x 7 shown below, was filtered using 3 x 3 adaptive median filter with
maximum allowed size of 5 x 5. What are the values of the pixels x, y, and z in the output image?
3 3 4 3 3 3 0 0
3 0 0 0 0 0 3 0
3 4 0 0 4 4 3 Adaptive z
4 5 7 7 0 0 3 Median Filter 0 x 1 0 0 0
3 3 6 0 0 7 0 0 y
3 0 4 3 3 5 3 0
3 4 3 3 0 0 4 0
b) Explain the types of data redundancies, give an examples?
﴾ GOOD LUCK ﴿
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