The Equation of a Straight Line
𝑦 =𝑥−2 𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 10
𝑦 = 7 − 3𝑥
𝑦 = 3𝑥 + 4
𝑦=8
𝑦 = −3𝑥 + 2 All of the equations are
equations of straight lines 1
𝑦 = 𝑥+1
2
What do you notice
1 about each of them?
𝑦 = 𝑥−4 𝑦 = 5 − 0.5𝑥
2 Can you think of a
way to generalise
these equations?
𝑦 = 3𝑥 𝑦 = 6𝑥 − 2
𝑥=4 7
𝑦= 𝑥
𝑦 = −0.6 2 𝑦 = 4𝑥 − 0.2
The Big Idea: The Equation of a Straight Line
The general equation of a straight line is…
𝑦 = 𝒎𝑥 + 𝒄
𝒎 is the gradient of the straight line 𝒄 is the 𝒚-intercept
This tells us how This tells is where the
steep the line is line crosses the 𝑦-axis
𝑦 𝑦
Each line has the
same gradient but
different 𝑦-intercepts
𝑥 𝑥
𝑂 Each line has the 𝑂
same 𝑦-intercept,
but different
gradients
The Big Idea: The Equation of a Straight Line
The general equation of a straight line is…
𝑦 = 𝒎𝑥 + 𝒄
𝑚 is the gradient of the straight line 𝑐 is the 𝒚-intercept
When a straight line equation is in this form, we can easily
identify the gradient and 𝑦-intercept from the equation.
Find the gradient and the 𝑦-intercept of the following line:
The gradient is always 𝑦 = 4𝑥 + 10 The 𝑦-intercept is
the coefficient of the always the constant
𝑥 variable when 𝒚 is when 𝒚 is the subject
the subject
𝒎 = 4? 𝒄 = 10
?
What will the
coordinate of the
The coordinate of the 𝑦-
intercept has the form (0, 𝑐)
(𝟎, ?𝟏𝟎) 𝑦-intercept be?
Further Examples
Find the gradient and the 𝑦-intercept of the following lines:
Don’t forget the
negative! It
a 𝑦 = 3𝑥 − 8 𝒎 = 3? 𝒄 = −8
?
belongs to the 8
Remember, the coordinate of the (0, −8)
?
𝑦-intercept has the form (0, 𝑐)
1 1 Why isn’t the
b 𝑦 =5+ 𝑥 𝒎= ? 𝒄 = 5? gradient 5?
2 2
(0, 5)
?
The gradient is always the coefficient
of 𝑥 when 𝑦 is the subject
What part of the
coordinate axes
c 𝑦 = 3𝑥 𝒎 = 3? 𝒄 = 0? does this line
(0, 0)
? pass through?
This equation is
equivalent to 𝑦 = 3𝑥 + 0
271b 271e
Test Your Understanding drfrost.org/s/ 271b 271e
Find the gradient and the 𝑦-intercept of the following lines.
In each case, also state the coordinate of the 𝑦-intercept
a 𝑦 = 3𝑥 + 2 b 𝑦 = −6𝑥 + 2.5
𝑚 = 𝟑? 𝑐 = 𝟐? 𝑚 = −𝟔
? 𝑐 = 𝟐.?𝟓
Which line is
(𝟎,?𝟐) the steepest? (𝟎, 𝟐.
? 𝟓)
𝑦 = −6𝑥 + 2.5
Which line crosses the 𝑦-
axis at the lowest point?
c 𝑦 = 9 − 2𝑥 𝑦 = 3𝑥 + 2 d 𝑦=4
𝑚 = −𝟐
? 𝑐 = 𝟗? 𝑚 = 𝟎? 𝑐 = 𝟒?
(𝟎,?𝟗) What type of (𝟎,?𝟒)
straight line is this?
Horizontal Line
Families of Lines
Lines with a 𝒚- Lines with a non-
Vertical Lines Horizontal Lines
intercept of (𝟎, 𝟎) zero 𝒚-intercept
5
𝑦 = 6𝑥 𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 10 𝑥= 𝑦 = −4
3
𝑦 = −0.2𝑥 𝑦 = 7 − 3𝑥 𝑥=4 𝑦 = 28
1
𝑦= 𝑥 𝑦 = 5 − 0.5𝑥 𝑥 = −3 𝑦 = −0.6
2
𝑦 = −3𝑥 𝑦 =𝑥−2 𝑥 = −8 𝑦 = 2.3
𝑦 = 3𝑥 𝑦 = 4𝑥 − 0.2 𝑥 = 15 𝑦=9
7 1 5
𝑦= 𝑥 𝑦 = 𝑥+1 𝑥 = −1.7 𝑦=
2 2 8
Which family is the odd one out & why?
𝒚 = 𝒎𝒙 + 𝒄
Each family of lines is in the form 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐, except for the vertical lines…
Lines with a 𝒚- Lines with a non-
Vertical Lines Horizontal Lines
intercept of (𝟎, 𝟎) zero 𝒚-intercept
5
𝑦𝑦
==6𝑥6𝑥
+0 𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 10 𝑥= 𝑦 𝑦= =
0𝑥−4
−4
3
Here, 𝑚 = 0
Here, 𝑐 = 0
Why are vertical lines not
in the form 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐 ?
What is the gradient Where do vertical lines
of any vertical line? cross the 𝑦-axis?
The gradient of a vertical line is undefined. Vertical lines are a special case,
and therefore we use a different
And vertical lines never cross the 𝒚-axis. equation, not the form 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐
Vertical lines follow the form 𝒙 = 𝒂, as every point on the line
will have an 𝑥-coordinate of 𝑎
Multi-Choice Question
What is the gradient of the line…?
𝑦 = 12𝑥 − 5
−5 12 12𝑥 5
Multi-Choice Question
What is the 𝑦-intercept of the line…?
3
𝑦 = 𝑥−2
4
3 3
2 𝑥 −2
4 4
Multi-Choice Question
What is the gradient of the line…?
2
𝑦 =4− 𝑥
3
2 2
4 4− −
3 3
Multi-Choice Question
What is the equation of the
straight line with a gradient of
6 and a 𝑦-intercept of 7?
𝑦 = 6𝑥 + 7 𝑦 =6+7
𝑦 =7+6 𝑦 = 7𝑥 + 6
Multi-Choice Question
What is the 𝑦-intercept of the line…?
𝑦 = 7𝑥
0 7 7𝑥 𝑥
Multi-Choice Question
What is the gradient of the line…?
𝑦 = −4
4 −4 0 𝑈𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑
Multi-Choice Question
What is the equation of the
straight line with a gradient of
2, which intersects the 𝑦-axis
at (0, −3) ?
2𝑦 = 4𝑥 − 6 𝑦 = 2𝑥
𝑦 = −3𝑥 + 2 𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 3
Multi-Choice Question
What is the gradient of the line…?
𝑦 = −3𝑥
−3𝑥 −3 0 3
Multi-Choice Question
What is the coordinate of the 𝑦-intercept
of the line…?
𝑦=0
0 1 𝑥 (0, 0)
Multi-Choice Question
What is the gradient of the line…?
𝑦=𝑥
𝑥 1 0 (0, 0)
Multi-Choice Question
What is the gradient of the line…?
𝑦 = 2(3𝑥 − 4)
2 3 6 −4
Multi-Choice Question
What is the gradient of the line…?
𝑥 = −3
3 −3 0 𝑈𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑
Multi-Choice Question
What is the gradient of the line…?
𝑦 = −𝑥
− 𝑥 0 −1
Finding the Equation of a Straight Line
We can also write the equation of a straight
line if we know it’s gradient and 𝑦-intercept As we know that the general
equation of a straight line is
𝑦 = 𝒎𝑥 + 𝒄
What is the equation of a We can substitute the values
straight line with a gradient of 7 of gradient and 𝑦-intercept
and a 𝑦-intercept of −4? into 𝒎 and 𝒄 respectively.
Identify the gradient and 𝑦-
𝑦 = 7𝑥 − 4 intercept from the question
Write the equation of the straight
line with a gradient of −5 and This is the 𝑦-intercept
intersects the 𝑦-axis at (0, 2)
𝑦 = −5𝑥 + 2 How else could we write this?
𝑦 = 2 − 5𝑥 As you have seen, positives first is
the usual convention for equations
271a
Test Your Understanding drfrost.org/s/ 271a
Show all
solutions
Write the equations of the straight lines with the given conditions.
Give each equation in the form 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐
a 𝑚 = 3.5 & 𝑐 = −1 b Gradient of −2 & 𝑦-intercept
is 5
𝒚 = 𝟑.?𝟓𝒙 − 𝟏 𝒚 = 𝟓 ?− 𝟐𝒙
c Gradient of 1 & 𝑦-intercept d Gradient of −3 and intersects
is 0 the 𝑦-axis at (0, 7)
𝒚=
? 𝒙 𝒚 = 𝟕 ?− 𝟑𝒙
e A horizontal line with a 𝑦- f Passes through the origin and
1
intercept of has a gradient of −2
2
𝟏 𝒚 = ?−𝟐𝒙
𝒚=
?
𝟐
Writing the Equation in a Different Form
You may also be required to write the equation of a straight line in a form
different to 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐
What other mathematical skill
Write the equation of a straight line do we require for this question?
with a gradient of 5 and a 𝑦-intercept
of −2 in the form 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 = 𝑐 We need to be able to rearrange
the equation of the straight line
The first step is to write the An alternative method…
equation in the form 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐
Rearrange into 𝑦 = 5𝑥 − 2
𝑦 = 5𝑥 − 2 the required form
+2 ↓ ↓ +2
−5𝑥 ↓ ↓ −5𝑥
𝑦 + 2 = 5𝑥
−5𝑥 + 𝑦 = −2 −𝑦 ↓ ↓ −𝑦
2 = 5𝑥 − 𝑦
−5𝑥 + 𝑦 = −2
Both answers are 5𝑥 − 𝑦 = 2
correct as they × −1 ↓ ↓ × −1
are equivalent! Positives first is
5𝑥 − 𝑦 = 2
usual convention
Example Test Your Understanding
Write the equation of a straight line Write the equation of a straight line
with a gradient of −6 and a 𝑦-intercept with a gradient of 1 and a 𝑦-intercept
of 3 in the form 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑐 = 0 of 2 in the form 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑐 = 0
𝑦 = −6𝑥 + 3
+6𝑥 ↓ ↓ +6𝑥
6𝑥 + 𝑦 = 3
−3 ↓ ↓ −3
6𝑥 + 𝑦 − 3 = 0
−6𝑥 − 𝑦 + 3 = 0
drfrost.org/s/
Example
1
Write the equation of a straight line with a gradient of 2 and a 𝑦-intercept of −1
in the form 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑐 = 0, where 𝑎, 𝑏 & 𝑐 are integers
1 What’s the same? What’s different?
𝑦 = 𝑥−1
2 In our final answer, we need to
1 1 ensure that the coefficients of 𝑥 &
− 𝑥↓ ↓− 𝑥 𝑦, and the constant are integers
2 2
1
− 𝑥 + 𝑦 = −1
2
+1 ↓ ↓ +1
1
− 𝑥+𝑦+1=0
2
×2↓ ↓×2
−𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 2 = 0
Example Test Your Understanding
Write the equation of a straight line Write the equation of a straight line
4
with a gradient of −7 and a 𝑦-intercept with a gradient of 3 and a 𝑦-intercept
of 0.2 in the form 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 = 𝑐, where of 9 in the form 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 = 𝑐, where 𝑎,
𝑎, 𝑏 & 𝑐 are integers 𝑏 & 𝑐 are integers
𝑦 = −7𝑥 + 0.2
+7𝑥 ↓ ↓ +7𝑥
7𝑥 + 𝑦 = 0.2
×5 ↓ ↓×5
35𝑥 + 5𝑦 = 1 1
0.2 ≡
5
so we multiply
each term by 5
to give a whole!
−35𝑥 − 5𝑦 = −1
70𝑥 + 10𝑦 = 2 drfrost.org/s/
Rearranging to Find the Gradient & 𝒚-intercept
Find the gradient and the 𝑦-intercept of the following line: What could we do
to find the
Can we identify gradient and 𝑦-
the gradient or intercept?
the 𝑦-intercept
straight away?
𝑦 + 4 = 2𝑥 To identify the
gradient & 𝑦-
intercept, we need
−4 ↓ ↓ −4 to rearrange the
equation to make 𝒚
the subject
Now that we have made 𝑦
the subject, we can identify
𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 4
the gradient and 𝑦- intercept
𝒎=2 𝒄 = −4
Examples
Find the gradient, 𝑦-intercept & 𝑦-intercept coordinate of the following lines:
a 𝑦 + 3𝑥 = 2 𝒎 = −3
? 𝒄 = 2?
(0,?2)
b 𝑦 − 5 = 7𝑥 − 5 𝑚 = 7? 𝑐 = 0?
(0,?0)
c 6𝑦 = 18𝑥 − 12 𝑚 = 3? 𝑐 = −2
?
(0, −2)
?
271d 271e
Test Your Understanding drfrost.org/s/ 271d 271e
Show all
solutions
Find the gradient and the 𝑦-intercept of the following lines.
In each case, also state the coordinate of the 𝑦-intercept
a 𝑦 − 6 = 5𝑥 b5𝑥 + 𝑦 = 0.5
𝑦 = 5𝑥
? +6 𝑦 = 0.5
? − 5𝑥
𝑚 = 𝟓? 𝑐 = 𝟔? 𝑚 = −𝟓
? 𝑐 = 𝟎.?𝟓
(𝟎,?𝟔) (𝟎, 𝟎.
? 𝟓)
Which line is
the steepest?
1 1
c 𝑦 + 𝑥 = 𝑥−7 d 2𝑦 = 4 − 8𝑥
2 2
𝑦 = −7? 𝑦 = 2 ?− 4𝑥
𝑚 = 𝟎? 𝑐 = −𝟕
? 𝑚 = −𝟒
? 𝑐 = 𝟐?
(𝟎, −𝟕)
? (𝟎,?𝟐)
What type of
straight line is this?
Example Test Your Understanding
Find the gradient and 𝑦-intercept for Find the gradient and 𝑦-intercept for
the line: the line:
How can we get this equation 1
into the correct form? 𝑦 = 9 − 2𝑥
3
1
𝑦 = 8𝑥 − 7
2
×2↓ ↓×2
𝑦 = 16𝑥 − 14
𝒎 = −𝟔
? 𝒄 = 𝟐𝟕?
𝒎 = 𝟏𝟔
? 𝒄 = −𝟏𝟒
?
Test Your Understanding
Find the gradient and 𝑦-intercept for the line:
5
𝑦 = 3𝑥 − 9
2
More Complex Example
Find the gradient and the 𝑦-intercept of the following line:
2𝑦 − 10 = 8𝑥
Example Test Your Understanding
Find the gradient and the coordinate Find the gradient and the 𝑦-intercept
of the 𝑦-intercept of the following of the following line:
line:
1
8𝑥 + 𝑦 − 10 = 0 − 6𝑥 + 𝑦 = 0
2
+10 ↓ ↓ +10
1
8𝑥 + 𝑦 = 10 + 𝑦 ?= 6𝑥
2
−8𝑥 ↓ ↓ −8𝑥
𝑦 = 10 − 8𝑥 ?
1
𝑦 = 6𝑥 −
2
𝟏
𝒎 = −𝟖
? 𝑐 = 10
? 𝒄 = −? 𝒎 = 𝟔?
𝟐
(𝟎,?𝟏𝟎)
271d
drfrost.org/s/ 271d
Which Method?
Two students have completed the What’s the same & what’s
following question: different about this question?
Find the gradient and the 𝑦-intercept
The coefficient of 𝑦 is −1
of the line 7𝑥 − 𝑦 = 12
Basma’s Method Logan’s Method
7𝑥 − 𝑦 = 12
7𝑥 − 𝑦 = 12
+𝑦 ↓ ↓ +𝑦
7𝑥 = 12 + 𝑦 −7𝑥 ↓ ↓ −7𝑥
−𝑦 = 12 − 7𝑥
−12 ↓ ↓ −12
× −1 ↓ ↓ × −1
7𝑥 − 12 = 𝑦
𝑦 = −12 + 7𝑥
𝑦 = 7𝑥 − 12
𝒎 = 𝟕 𝒄 = −𝟏𝟐
𝒎 = 𝟕 𝒄 = −𝟏𝟐
Compare the methods.
Who’s do you prefer and why?
Example Test Your Understanding
Find the gradient and the coordinate Find the gradient and the 𝑦-intercept
of the 𝑦-intercept of the following of the following line:
line:
4𝑥 − 𝑦 = 6 3 − 𝑦 = 5𝑥
+𝑦 ↓ ? ↓ +𝑦
+𝑦 ↓ ↓ +𝑦
4𝑥 = 𝑦 + 6 3? = 𝑦 + 5𝑥
−5𝑥 ↓ ? ↓ −5𝑥
−6 ↓ ↓ −6
4𝑥 − 6 = 𝑦 We can
3 − 5𝑥? = 𝑦
re-write
𝑦 = 4𝑥 − 6
this 𝑦 =3−
? 5𝑥
𝑐 = 3? 𝒎 = −𝟓
?
𝒎 = 𝟒? 𝑐 = −6
?
𝟎,? 𝟑
(𝟎,?−𝟔) 271d
drfrost.org/s/ 271d
271d
Test Your Understanding drfrost.org/s/ 271d
Find the gradient and the coordinate Find the gradient and the 𝑦-intercept
of the 𝑦-intercept of the following of the following line:
line:
4𝑥 − 𝑦 = 6 5𝑥 = 3 − 4𝑦
+𝑦 ↓ ? ↓ +𝑦 +4𝑦 ↓ ? ↓ +4𝑦
4𝑥? = 𝑦 + 6 4𝑦 + 5𝑥 = 3?
−6 ↓ ? ↓ −6 −5𝑥 ↓ ? ↓ −5𝑥
4𝑥 − 6 ?= 𝑦 4𝑦 = 3? − 5𝑥
÷4 ↓ ? ↓÷4
𝑦 = 4𝑥 ?− 6 3 5
𝑦 = ?− 𝑥
4 4
𝒎 = 𝟒? 𝑐 = −6
?
3? 𝟓
𝑐= 𝒎 = −?
(𝟎,?−𝟔) 4 𝟑 𝟒
𝟎,?
𝟒
Example Test Your Understanding
Find the gradient and the coordinate Find the gradient and the 𝑦-intercept
of the 𝑦-intercept of the following of the following line:
line:
8𝑦 + 12 = 16𝑥
3𝑦 − 7𝑥 = 9
+7𝑥 ↓ ↓ +7𝑥 8𝑦 = 16𝑥
? − 12
3𝑦 = 7𝑥 + 9 12
𝑦 = 2𝑥? −
÷3 ↓ ↓÷3 8
7 4
𝑦 = 𝑥+3 𝑦 = 2𝑥? −
3 3
4
𝟕 𝑐 = 3? 𝑐= ? 𝒎 = 𝟐?
𝒎= ? 3
𝟑 (𝟎, ?𝟑) 𝟒
?
𝟎, Ensure that any
𝟑 fractions are
fully simplified
Is Viktor Correct?
3𝑥 + 𝑦 = 5 3𝑥 − 𝑦 = 7 3𝑥 + 2 = 𝑦 3𝑥 + 1 = 4𝑦
3 1
𝑦 = 5 − 3𝑥 𝑦 = 3𝑥 − 7 𝑦 = 3𝑥 + 2 𝑦= 𝑥+
4 4
All of these equations
contain 3𝑥, so all of these
lines have a gradient of 3.
Is Viktor correct?
If not, explain why.
Viktor is not correct!
We can see that when these equations have
been rearranged into the form 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐,
they do not all have the same gradient
Exercise (Available as a separate worksheet)
Show all
solutions
1 Find the gradient and y-intercept of 2 Write down the equations of the
the straight lines: lines in the form 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐
below, with the given conditions:
a 𝑦 = 3𝑥 + 4 𝒎 = 𝟑? 𝒄 = 𝟒?
a Gradient of 2 & 𝑦-
𝒚 = 𝟐𝒙
? +𝟓
intercept of 5
b 𝑦 = 9𝑥 − 3 𝒎 = 𝟗? 𝒄 = −𝟑
?
b Gradient of 3 & 𝑦-
intercept of −4
𝒚 = 𝟑𝒙
? −𝟒
c 𝑦 = 6 + 8𝑥 𝒎 = 𝟖? 𝒄 = 𝟔?
c 𝑦-intercept of 0.2 &
gradient of −6 𝒚 = 𝟎.?𝟐 − 𝟔𝒙
1 𝟏
d 𝑦 = 𝑥−2 𝒎= ? 𝒄 = −𝟐
?
2 𝟐 d Gradient of 3, passing
𝒚 = 𝟑𝒙
? +𝟏
through (0,1)
e 𝑦 = −3𝑥 𝒎 = −𝟑
? 𝒄 = 𝟎?
e Passes through (0, −4),
with a gradient of 1 𝒚=𝒙
?−𝟒
2 𝟐
f 𝑦 =5− 𝑥 𝒎 = −? 𝒄 = 𝟓?
3 𝟑 f Gradient of 0 & 𝑦-
intercept of 7 𝒚=
?𝟕
g 𝑦=𝑥−6 𝒎 = 𝟏? 𝒄 = −𝟔
?
g Gradient of −1, passing 𝒚 =?−𝒙
through the origin
h 𝑦 = 0.2 𝒎 = 𝟎? 𝒄 = 𝟎.?𝟐
h Horizontal line, passing
𝒚 =? 𝟏𝟎
through (0, 10)
i 𝑦 = −𝑥 ?
𝒎 = −𝟏 𝒄 = 𝟎?
Exercise (Available as a separate worksheet)
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3 Which of these lines: 4 Write down the equations of the
lines in the form 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 = 𝑐
A 𝑦 = 3𝑥 E 𝑦 = −3𝑥 + 4 below, with the given conditions:
a Gradient of −9 & 𝑦-
B 𝑦 = −3𝑥 F 𝑦=𝑥 𝟗𝒙 +?𝒚 = 𝟐
intercept of 2
b Gradient of 4 & 𝑦-
C 𝑦 = 3𝑥 + 4 G 𝑦 = −4𝑥 −𝟒𝒙 +? 𝒚 = 𝟏
intercept of 1
1
D 𝑦=2 H 𝑦 = −4𝑥 − 3 c 𝑦-intercept of & 𝟏
2
gradient of −3
𝟑𝒙 +?𝒚 =
𝟐
a Have a b Have a c Have a 𝑦-
negative positive intercept
gradient? gradient? of 0?
B, E,? G, H A, ?C, F A, B,? F, G
5 Write the equation of the line in the form 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐 with the condition:
Has a gradient twice as steep as the line 𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 3 and passes through
the origin
𝒚 = 𝟒𝒙 or? 𝒚 = −𝟒𝒙
Exercise (Available as a separate worksheet)
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6 Find the gradient and 𝑦-intercept of 7 What is the gradient of the line
the straight lines: with equation 𝑦 = 3(2 − 4𝑥) ?
a 𝑦 − 2𝑥 = 10 𝑦 = 6?− 12𝑥 ?
𝒎 = −𝟏𝟐
𝒎 = 𝟐? 𝒄 = 𝟏𝟎
?
𝑦 = 2𝑥?+ 10
8 [Edexcel IGCSE Jan 2022 1F Q25a,
1 Edexcel IGCSE Jan 2022 1H Q10a]
b 𝑦 = 6 − 8𝑥
4 ? 𝒄 = 𝟐𝟒
𝒎 = −𝟑𝟐 ? The straight line 𝐿 has equation
𝑦 = 24?− 32𝑥 2𝑦 + 7𝑥 = 10
Find the gradient of 𝐿
c 2𝑥 − 𝑦 + 3 = 0 7 𝟕
𝒎 = 𝟐? 𝒄 = 𝟑? 𝑦 = 5?− 𝑥 𝒎 = −?
𝑦 = 2𝑥?+ 3 2 𝟐
9 [Edexcel IGCSE May2012-3H Q14a]
d 3𝑦 − 2 = 9𝑥 − 2 The equation of a line L is
𝒎 = 𝟑? 𝒄 = 𝟎? 2𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 6
𝑦 = 3𝑥?
Find the gradient of 𝐿
3 2 𝟐
e 𝑦 = 2 − 5𝑥 𝟏𝟎 𝟒 𝑦 = ?𝑥 − 2 𝒎= ?
2 𝒎 = −? 𝒄= ? 3 𝟑
4 10 𝟑 𝟑
𝑦= − ? 𝑥
3 3
Exercise (Available as a separate worksheet)
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10 Do the lines 𝑦 = 3𝑥 − 1 & 4𝑥 − 2𝑦 − 3 = 0 𝑦 = 3𝑥 − 1 4𝑥 − 2𝑦 − 3 = 0
have the same gradients? 3
? 𝑦 = 2𝑥 −
2
𝒎=𝟑 𝒎=𝟐
11 Find the gradient and 𝑦- 12 Find the gradient and 𝑦-
1 1 3 2
intercept of 4 𝑦 − 2 𝑥 = 1 intercept of 2 𝑥 + 5 𝑦 = 2
𝑦 − 2𝑥 = 4 𝒎=𝟐 15 𝟏𝟓
𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 4? ?𝒎 = −
𝒄=𝟒 𝑦 = 5− 𝑥 𝒄=𝟓
4 𝟒
Write the equation of a
straight line with a gradient 4
4 𝑦 = − 𝑥 + 0.4
of − 3 and a 𝑦-intercept of 3
0.4 in the form 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 = 𝑐, 4 2
𝑦=− 𝑥+
3
where 𝑎, 𝑏 & 𝑐 are integers ? 5
4 2
𝑥+𝑦 =
3 5
20𝑥 + 15𝑦 = 6
