NCERT PRIMER

REFLECTIVE EXERCISE ON SOCIETY

Chapter: 1. Sociology & Society

(Q.1) Explain: How inequalities are centers to differences among societies.
(Q.2) Discuss the different aspects of the term society. Highlight and suggest measures
for problems faced by Indian Society.
Chapter: 2. Terms & concepts & their use in sociology
(Q.1) Explain the classification of Social Groups.
(Q.2) “Classification is not the problem, but stratification is” Explain in content of
society.
(Q.3) What were the challenges in front of lower castes when britishers left India? How
our Constitution solved these problems?
Chapter: 3. Social Structure, Stratification and Processes in Society
(Q.1) Identify different occasions when individuals have to compete in our society. Suggest
measures to make the competition healthy and in nations developments.
(Q.2) To what extent does one’s position in the society or location in the stratification
system governs individual’s choice? Discuss.
(Q.3) Do social structure and social stratification influence the manner people act? Bring
out some implications they have on individuals’ cooperation.
(Q.4) Women are cooperating with the given norms of male inheritance because of the
fear of losing the affection of their family if they behave otherwise. Analyze.
(Q.5) Why Karl Marx remains relevant in Indian Society?
(Q.6) What do you m mean by social solidarity and inclusion. How can social solidarity
be improved in India and why is it necessary?
(Q.7) If you want to go fast, go alone. If you want to go joy, go together, Explain. Why
co-operation is necessary you that development of nation.
(Q.8) ‘Conflict’ is inevitable but combat is ‘optional’. Explain
Chapter: 4. Culture and Socialisation
(Q.1) How are the normative dimensions of culture different in town and villages?
Elucidate.
(Q.2) How can socialization through different socializing agents play an important role
in making an egalitarian society? Discuss.

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(Q.3) How has cultural evolution happened in the political system of India and what is
its impact on Indian Society? Discuss with the help of examples.
(Q.4) Ethnocentrism is the application of one’s own cultural values in evaluating the
behavior and beliefs of people from other cultures. In this context evaluate
the western society and bring out traits where Indian society is better than the
western.
(Q.5) How normative culture affects innovation? Explain.
(Q.6) What are the features of multicultural society? Why is it important in Indian
Society?
Chapter: 5. Understanding Social Institutions
(Q.1) Discuss how religion actually functions in society and its relations to other social
Institutions.
(Q.2) Explain the various functions performed by the family as an institution, how does
family help in socialization of individuals?
(Q.3) Education is a life-long process, involving both formal and informal institution of
learning. Bring out the differences between them and how they help in accelerating
social mobility in modern Indian society.
(Q.4) Critically evaluate the role of state in social reconstruction of Indian Society since
independence.
(Q.5) What are the social and cultural determinants of sexual division of labor?
Comment.
(Q.6) What are the different forms of marriage in India and discuss the various functions
performed by marriage in Indian society.
Chapter: 6. Social Changes and Social order in Rural and Urban Society
(Q.1) Technological changes come with social consequences. Justify the statement with
the current situation of India.
(Q.2) The National Rural Employment Guarantee Act has brought vital change within
the rural society as well as somewhere changed the social order. Evaluate.
(Q.3) Daily long distance commuters can become an influential political constituency
and sometimes develop elaborate subcultures. Discuss.
Chapter: 7. Environment and Society
(Q.1) The Ecological footprints of the Industrial revolution could be found all over
urban and rural environments. Evaluate the statement in terms of impact on
Indian Society.
(Q.2) We live in risk societies using technologies and products that we do not fully
grasp. Highlight some and bring out impacts on the different social Institutions.
(Q.3) How environmental problems affect different groups is a function of social
inequality. Social status and power determine the extent to which people can
insulate themselves from environmental crises or overcome it. Discuss.

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(Q.4) Sustainable development does not only mean sustainability of the environment
and resource system. There is also a need for sustainability of economic and social
systems. Explain.
Chapter: 8. 12th Introducing Indian Society
(Q.1) The “generation gap” or friction between older and younger generations is a
social phenomenon, common to many societies and many time periods. Does this
bring instability or does it bring stability. Evaluate in current context.
(Q.2) The British colonization brought many changes in the Indian Society which are
irreversible and also formed the basis of nationalism. Analyze what changes
were brought by colonization in Indian society and how it impacted Indian
nationalism
Chapter: 9. Demographic Structure of Indian Society
(Q.1) What are the salient features of the demographic situation of India, what will
happen if it stabilizes in near future? Discuss.
(Q.2) Historically, the sex ratio in India was slightly in favor of females, However India
has had a declining sex ratio for more than a century. Discuss the socio- cultural
factors for the declining sex ratio in country.
(Q.3) Bring out the impact of illiteracy on population dynamics of the country. Suggest
how literacy can help in solving the issue of population control.
(Q.4) As per the demographic projections it can be seen that the ageing population will
lead to large influx of dependent population. What will be its implications on the
country like India, Suggest measures for policy formulation?
(Q.5) Bring out the salient features of the population policy of the Government of India.
Is the policy well equipped to handle Indian Demographic transition and suggest
measures to make it more effective?
Chapter: 10. Social Institutions: Continuity and change
(Q.1) Discuss the evolution of dominant caste in context of socio-economic and political
landscape of the Indian society.
(Q.2) Depredation of Tribal communities has been a by-product of India’s development
approach. Analyze this through the lens of isolation versus integrationist debate
of 1940’s.
(Q.3) The state did not make sufficient effort to deal with the fact that upper castes and
lower castes were far from equal in economic and educational terms, during the
initial few decades after the independence. Do you agree?
(Q.4) What are the difference between Varna System of Vedic period and that of post
Vedic period?
(Q.5) What are the steps taken by government to uplift the status of backward or
depressed classes?
(Q.6) Is the concept of “Joint Family’ disappearing from India?

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Chapter: 11. Market as social institution

(Q.1) What do you mean by Market and explain in brief the sociological aspects of
Market.
(Q.2) Globalization & liberalization Interlinked local economy with global economy
along with Local, regional, National and global Market. Critically Analyze
(Q.3) Why entry of traders from outside the improvement of adivasis.
Chapter: 12. Pattern of social inequality and exclusion
(Q.1) Inequality and Social Exclusion is a problem that deserves more public attention.
Discuss.
Chapter: 13. Challenges of cultural diversity
(Q.1) Do you think that post-independent reorganization of Indian states on linguistic
basis strengthened the unity of the nation?
(Q.2) Discuss the role of Dr. B.R Ambedkar in protection and emancipation of minorities
of India.
(Q.3) Explain the role of community identity in the process of nation-building in India’s
context.
Chapter: 14. Structural changes
(Q.1) Colonialism brought a new political, economic and social structure in India. Briefly
explain colonialism as a system.
(Q.2) The roots of industrialization in India were planted during the British rule. However,
post-independent government was the one which actively promoted it. Critically
examine.
(Q.3) Industrialization and urbanization go hand in hand. Elaborate.
Chapter: 15. Cultural Changes
(Q.1) The social reform movements which emerged in India in the 19th century arose
to the challenges that colonial Indian society faced. Examine
Chapter: 16. Story of Indian Democracy
(Q.1) Democracy in this world has come in waves. Explain this statement while also
discussing the story of Indian democracy in Pre- Independent era.
(Q.2) The multi-religious and multicultural composition of the population is one aspect
of the plurality. In context of above statement discuss in detail about the social
changes that took place in making of Indian Constitution.
Chapter: 17. Change and Development in Rural Society
(Q.1) What is the significance of various practices or rituals that are associated with the
festivals, and how are they linked to agriculture?
(Q.2) There are various linkages between agrarian or rural class structure and

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caste. Highlight the linkages and Discuss them in terms of different access to
resources,labour,occupation.
(Q.3) There have been land reforms in independent India, what were the major
components of the Act. Evaluate how they have helped to curb inequality.
Chapter: 18. Change and Development in Industrial Society
(Q.1) An industrialized India of the 21st century shares more features with China or the
United States in the 21st century than it shares with 19th century India. Critically
analyze.
(Q.2) How has Indian Industrial Society evolved, what is its status in the current
context?
(Q.3) Effects of Globalization and liberalization on various aspects of Indian Society.
Discuss
(Q.4) How machinery creates a problem for workers. what alternatives did Gandhi had
in mind. Explain.
Chapter: 19. Globalization and social change
(Q.1) The phenomenon of Globalization has led to a new ‘International division of
labor’. Critically analyze with contemporary examples.
(Q.2) Do you think globalization is leading to more inclusive community? Analyze in
context of current LGBTQ issues.
(Q.3) What do you understand by ‘culture of consumption’ and how it has changed
with the passage of time?
Chapter: 20. Mass media and communications
(Q.1) Hashtags are the new trendsetters of society. Briefly describe the role of social
media in social change.
(Q.2) With the internet connectivity and immediate transfer of information, do you
think that print media is still relevant. Explain.
(Q.3) Social media is affecting the mental development of younger generation. Discuss
with examples.
Chapter: 21. Social movements
(Q.1) Undertake a comparative analysis between contemporary social movements and
the social movements during colonial period.
(Q.2) Discuss the role of women in 19 th century social reform movements.
(Q.3) Social movements reflect the demand for social change in society. Elaborate with
examples.

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