THE COPPERBELT UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF MATHEMATICS AND NATURAL SCIENCES
DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS
TUTORIAL SHEET 1: MA110 - Mathematical Methods 2024
1. i) Prove the De Morgan’s Laws: a) (𝐵 ∩ 𝐶)′ = 𝐵 ′ ∪ 𝐶 ′
b) (𝐵 ∪ 𝐶)′ = 𝐵 ′ ∩ 𝐶 ′
ii) Prove that (𝐴′ )′ = 𝐴
iii) Verify or show the De Morgan’s Laws a) (𝐵 ∩ 𝐶)′ = 𝐵 ′ ∪ 𝐶 ′ b) (𝐵 ∪ 𝐶)′ = 𝐵 ′ ∩ 𝐶 ′
2. If 𝐶 ⊂ 𝐷 , then simplify if possible
i) 𝐶 ∩ 𝐷 ii) 𝐶 ′ ∪ 𝐷′ iii) 𝐶 ∪ 𝐷′ iv) 𝐶 ′ ∩ (𝐶 ∪ 𝐷)
3. If 𝐶 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐷 are disjoint, simplify if possible
i)𝐶 ′ ∩ 𝐷′ ii) 𝐶 ′ ∪ 𝐷′ iii) (𝐶 ∩ 𝐷)′ iv) (𝐶 ⊎ 𝐷)′
4. Using the associative and distributive properties of union and intersection of sets .Show that
i) 𝐴 = (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) ∪ (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 ′ ) ii) 𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 = (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) ∪ (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 ′ ) ∪ (𝐴′ ∩ 𝐵)
iii) 𝐴 ∪ (𝐴′ ∩ 𝐵) = 𝐴 ∪ 𝐵
5. a)Given that X, Y and Z are sets, simplify the following if possible
i) [𝑋 ′ ∪ (𝑌 ∩ 𝑍)]′ ii) 𝑌 ′ ∩ (𝑋 ∪ 𝑌) iii) (𝑋 ∩ 𝑌) ∪ (𝑋 ∩ 𝑌 ′ ) iv) (𝑋 ∪ 𝑌) ∩ (𝑋 ∪ 𝑌 ′ )
v) [𝑋 ′ ∪ (𝑋 − 𝑍)]
b) Given that X and Y are subsets of some universal set U, simplify the following:
(i) X (X Y) .
(ii) [( X Y ) X Y ] .
6. a) Using the symbol " ⊂ ′′ put the set of numbers in ascending order given
ℂ, ℕ, ℝ, ℤ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ℚ
b) Give the definition of the following sets ℚ∗ , ℝ∗ , ℂ∗ and ℤ∗
7. .a) Let 𝐴 = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ: − 4 ≤ 𝑥 < 2} and = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 𝑥 ≥ −1} .
Find i) 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 ii) 𝐴′
b) Let 𝑈 = (−6,9] be the universal set, = [−2,4], 𝐵 = (−1,5) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐶 = (−6,9] .
Find the following sets:
i) 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 ii) 𝑈 − 𝐶 iii) 𝐵 ′ 𝑈𝐴 iv) (𝐴 ∪ 𝐶)′
c) Given that ℝ , the set of real numbers is the universal set, 𝐴 = (−4,7] 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵 = [ 4, ∞),
Find
i)𝐴′ ii)𝐵 ′ iii)𝐴 − 𝐵 iv) 𝐵 − 𝐴
d) Let 𝐴 = (−9,9) be the universal set and 𝑋 = (−1,5], 𝑌 = [−5,3] 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑍 = [−1,7).
Find each of the following sets and display it on the number line:
i)𝑋 ′ ii) 𝐴 − 𝑋 iii) (𝑋 ∩ 𝑍)′ iv) (𝑌 − 𝑋) ∩ 𝑍
e) Let A = {1,2, 3, 4,5,6,7,8,9} ; B = [1, 5) and C= (3,8). The universal set
is a set of real numbers . If necessary use the real number line and find:
( i). (A ∩ B) ∪(A ∩ C) (ii). B∩C (iii). ( B ∪ C)’
(iv). (B’ ∪ C’) ∩ A
f) Let R, the set of real numbers be the universal set. If
A 7 , 8 11 , and B 0 , 20, find the following sets and display
them on the number line:
(i) A .
(ii) A B.
(iii) ( A B ) .
g) . Let X 10 , 10 be the universal set and A (2 ,6], B [5 , 3] and C [1 , 8) .
Find each of the following sets and display it on the number line:
(i) A (ii) X A (iii) ( A C ) (iv) ( B A) C
h) Given that R, the set of real numbers is the universal set, A (8 , 6] and B [5 , ) ,
find
(i) A (ii) B (iii) A B (iv) B A
𝑎
8. a) Express the following in the form of 𝑏 where 𝑎 and 𝑏 are intergers, 𝑏 ≠ 0.
i) ̅̅̅̅
0.33 ̅̅̅̅
ii) 0.16 iii) 2. ̅̅̅̅̅
143 iv) 3.7̅ ̅̅̅̅
v)1.171717……. vi) 2.590
b) Prove that i) √3 is an irrational number.
ii) √2 is an irrational number
c) Given that √3 and √5 are irrational, show that the following are not rational numbers
i) √3 +5 is an irrational number.
ii) √5 − 1 is an irrational number iii) 1 − √3 is an irrational number
a
9. Express 3.1212 in the form where a and b are integers and b 0 .
b
10. Evaluate each of the following using the definition of Absolute value.
3 2 3
a) |𝑥 − 2| = 6 b) |2𝑛 + 1| = 11 c) |𝑘−1|=4 d) |𝑥 − 3| = 4 e) |−4| f) |4|
g) |2𝑥 − 3| ≤ 5 h) |5𝑥 − 4| ≤ 8
11. a) Solve |𝑥 − 1| > |𝑥 + 1| b) Solve the inequality x 2 3 .
