BUILDING TECH.
AND MATERIALS
Professor: Arch. Arnel Ramos
(M-W-F) Feb. 24-Mar. 17, 2006 (10%)
Kinds/Forms Water Distribution System
Up feed – main (Maynilad/Manila Water) – fixtures (as long as there is normal pressure coming from the
main water line)
Down feed - main (Maynilad/Manila Water) – Cistern – pump – storage tank – gravity – fixtures
- tank is placed 10 ft. above the highest fixture
Pneumatic - main (Maynilad/Manila Water) – Cistern – pump – pressure tank – pressure – fixtures
- up to 23 stories only (water zoning – 23 stories)
- 46 stories – 2 pumps and 2 water tanks
Standard slope of pipes: Drainage – 1% Sewer – 2%
Architecture – the art and science of designing and constructing satisfying the four factors.
Four factors of designing Commercial Institutional
1. Function 4 2
2. Economy 2 4
3. Aesthetic 1 3
4. Structures 3 1
Difference between a Structure and a Building:
Structure – composed of building and plan
Building – enclosure
Plan – internal elements
Difference between a Storey and a Level:
Storey – super structure only
Level - super structure and sub-structure
Classification of Structures
Low-rise Structure – four storey and below
Medium-rise Structure – 5-8 stories (3M deep foundation)
High-rise Structure – 12 and above
Lay-outs and Excavation
Tools used for Lay-outing
1. Spirit level – “lebel” 1.20M max length
2. Plastic hose filled with water – leveling hose
3. Plum bulb – “hulog”
4. Tremie – funnel used when there is stagnant water in the excavated area
Concrete – mixture of cement, sand, gravel and water
Curing Period of Concrete
28 days – normal
21, 14, 7 days – ready-mixed concrete
1 day – removal of forms
Concrete Mixture
Class Mixture 40kg 50kg Sand Gravel
“AA” 1*1½*3 12 9.5 0.5 1.0
“A” 1*2*4 9 7 0.5 1.0
“B” 1*2½*5 7.5 6 0.5 1.0
“C” 1*3*6 6 5 0.5 1.0
PSI – Pounds per Square Inch
- Strength of cement (cement and water ration provides the strength)
- In traditional construction: max. of 3000 p.s.i. and 6.0M span
Elf – 2-3 cum. capacity
Dump truck – 8-10 cum. capacity
Forward – 14-20 cum. capacity
Bagger mixer – 28-30 rotations
Pre-Stress -Method of Construction
Post-Tensioning – used tendons instead of top bars and bottom bars
- not a pre-cast beam
- cast in place/site
Pre-Tensioning – Camber
- pre-cast
Windows Oriel Window – with corbel Bay Window – Floor is extended Hopper Window – hinge is at
the bottom, inward swing
CONSTRUCTION TERMS
1
Adobe Anchor – Llabe/liyabe Morta Bond – Tile Adhesive (Pioneer Brand)
Astragal - Batidura (door stopper-strip) Mortar – Paupo
Bath Tub – Banyera Nail ½” – Brad
Blue Torch – Suplete Nail 6” – Spike
Cabinet Hinge - Espolon Pea Gravel – Grabita
Cast Iron - Pundido Plum Bulb - Hulog
Cement Tiles – Baldosa Rabbit – Bashida
Conductor - Alulod Ready Fix - Tile Adhesive (ABC Brand)
Door Hinge - Bisagra Riser – Takip-silipan
Earth Fill - Eskombro Scratch Coat - Rebukada
Electrician – Elektrista Spirit Level – Lebel
Istuko - Palitada Wiring Knob – Poleya
Kitchen Sink – Prigadero Weans Coating – Asolehos
2
BUILDING MATERIALS
Wood
Classification
Soft Wood – Tanguile, Lawaan, Giho
Hard Wood – no flexibility
Properties
Hardness - compression strength of wood
Flexibility
Strength – based on its grid
Durability
Categories
Yard – trims and paneling (baseboards, etc.)
Shop – door jambs (sash works)
Structural
Definition
Strips - <1” (1” x 2”, 1” x 3”, 1” x 4”, etc.)
Board
Dimension – more than 1” (2” x 3”, 2” x 4”, 2” x 6”, etc.)
Timber – square (2” x 2”, 3” x 3”, 4” x 4”)
Log – biggest section
Seasoning – treatment applied to the wood
Air Drying – P40-60
S4S, S2S
rough lumber (no treatment P23-30)
Kiln Drying – scientifically treated (P40-60)
Manufactured Board
Plywood
Soft Plywood – ¼”, ½”, ¾”, 1”
Hardwood Plywood – used for paneling (danarra wood)
Ply Board – used in cabinets to be painted
* size of nails – 3x thickness of board
Hard Board – Lawanit (form works)
Particle Board – used for laminated cabinets
Ply Board – used in cabinets to be painted
Acoustical Ceiling System
Acoustic Board – 2’ x 2’ and 2’ x 4’
Wall Angle – installed in the perimeter of the wall
Main Tee – center line of room
Cross Tee
Trooper Type Lighting Fixture – lighting fixture used in acoustic ceiling
* spacing of joist – 0.60M
Gypsum Board – no flexibility
Dry wall
Horizontal support – carrying channel
Vertical support – furring channel
* spacing of studs – 61mm or 2’
Cement Board
Hardiflex – 10mm, 12mm, 16mm (2 hours fire proof)
Casein – glue for wood parquet
- ingredients of milk
Paint
Reducers:
Latex – Water
Enamel – Paint Thinner
Lacquer - Lacquer Thinner
Applications of Paint:
Brush – 25% reducer
Roller – 50% reducer
Spray – 100% reducer
Black – add mixture
