11th Grade

Reading and Writing

skills
Module 2
Properties of a Well-Written Text
 ORGANIZATION

COHERENCE
LANGUAGE AND COHESION

MECHANICS
Properties of a
Well-Written
Text
Organization 01
• It covers the arrangement of ideas
presented in the paragraph.
• A written text should be highly
organized in such a way that one
idea should logically flow to
another idea.
Organization 01
• The main idea or controlling idea is
contained in the topic sentence. It
can be found at the beginning,
middle, or end of the paragraph.
• The succeeding sentences support
the topic sentence.
 Example
The agent or stimulus that elicits the stress reaction is
referred to as the stressor. There is a range in the strength of the
response the stressor elicits. This is referred to as intensity and can be
viewed as a continuum with minor stressors on the one end and major
stressors on the other. Most of the stressors encountered daily are
minor stressors, such as getting up late, running to class, and
exhilaration over an unexpectedly high grade on the test. They are
encountered and adapted to with varying degrees of regularity. More
intense stressors such as the death of a family member, pregnancy or
fathering a pregnancy, or transferring to another school, could be major
stressors.
- Stress: A Mental Wellness Challenge
(Adapted from Connections for Health, 1996)
Organization 01
• The paragraph demonstrates
organization or unity of ideas. The topic
sentence which can be found at the
beginning controls the rest of the
sentences in the paragraph. The
succeeding sentences support the main
idea in the topic sentence.
Organization 01
• Remember that topic sentence
reveals the main point and
summarizes the overall idea of
the paragraph.
Coherence and Cohesion
02
• A written text usually conveys
a big amount of information. It
is composed of several ideas.
With this, messages or ideas
in a text should have
perceived coherence and
cohesion.
Coherence and Cohesion 02
• Coherence is defined as the
quality of being logical,
consistent, and
understandable. On the other
hand, cohesion is the act of
forming a whole unit.
• Cohesion is the act of forming
a whole unit.
Coherence and Cohesion
• To achieve and show coherence and
cohesion of ideas in a written text,
writers can use cohesive devices or
transitional words and phrases for a
clear and logical flow of thoughts from
sentence to sentence and from
paragraph to paragraph.
• These transitions signal or prepare the
reader for the idea that follows. They
show relationships of time, contrast,
result, and addition or example.
 Examples of Cohesive devices / transitions:

• After • Since • Therefore

• Furthermore • Final • Because
• Before • Until • Then
Then First • Thus
Addition/
• •
• During • Meanwhile • So
•
•
Later
Earlier
• Afterward
Contrast •
•
Hence
As a result Examples
Time
•
•
In contrast
Instead Result • And
• Also
• However
• Yet • Besides
• On the contrary • For example
• On the other hand • In addition
• Nevertheless • Such as
 Examples of Cohesive devices / transitions:

➢ A strong typhoon hit some

places in Bulacan. As a result,
many houses and trees were in
ruins.

➢ Studies have shown that a

person’s I.Q. increases with age,
therefore, as people grow older,
they become more tolerant and
objective in their thinking.
 Example
There are many simple ways in which we can help in solving the
growing problem of garbage disposal within our community. First, bring
your own reusable cloth bags instead of accepting plastic bags from the
store. However, if you forget to bring your cloth bags to the store, you can
ask the person bagging your groceries to use paper bags or boxes instead
of plastic bags. Secondly, avoid take-out foods which require a lot of
packaging. Also, learn how to segregate wastes that decompose and that
can be recycled naturally as fertilizer for plants. Finally, avoid bottled
drinks because they are a major source of waste in many places.
Therefore, it is safe to say that being conscious about how your family
manages household wastes can be of big help in addressing your
community’s problem in waste disposal.
Language Use 03
• The use of an appropriate
language is one of the
properties of a well-written
text. The choice of the
language should also be
suited to the target audience
or reader’s arguments.
Language Use 03
• Language use also covers the
writer’s tone of writing: subjective
or objective. The subjective tone
of writing uses the writer’s
personal biases and judgment. On
the other hand, objective tone of
writing uses factual information
and arguments.
 Tones of writing:

Subjective tone Objective tone

• Focuses on the attitudes,
• Focuses on the plain facts
thoughts, feelings, values, or
beliefs of the writer or speaker. about a person or object -
• This kind of language contains what is true and what can
judgments, interpretations, be proven.
evaluations, or opinions. Usually, • This kind is often used in
this tone of writing can be found textbooks, references,
on blogs, opinions / columns in science journals, researches,
newspapers, diaries, informal
newspaper articles, atlases,
essays, comments in social media,
and the likes encyclopedias, and the
likes.
 Tones of writing examples:

Subjective tone Objective tone

• “The film was terrible.” • “The film lasted for one hour and
• “The operating system isn’t thirty-five minutes”.
• “The Philippines ranks 110th out of
the best one out there; it’s too
139 countries in terms of mobile
slow for most people’s data speed, having an average of
needs.” 18.49 megabits per second (Mbps)
• “I don’t think that this as of November 2020.”
company cares about what • “English is one of the official
their customers think about languages of the Philippines and is
them.” spoken by more than 14 million
Filipinos.”
Mechanics 04

• The mechanics is the

overall characteristic of
the written text.
Mechanics 04
• According to Nordquist
(2020), writing mechanics
are conventions governing
the technical aspects of
writing, including spelling,
punctuation, capitalization,
and abbreviation.
Mechanics in Writing

Spelling Punctuation
It is a set of marks used to regulate texts and clarify
is the correct arrangement their meanings, mainly by separating or linking
of letters that form words. words, phrases, and clauses.

Capitalization Abreviation
It is the practice of using capital letters in writing
or printing. Proper nouns, key words in titles, and It is a shortened form of a
beginnings of sentences are generally word or phrase.
capitalized. The pronoun “I” is capitalized under
all circumstances.
Grammar and Mechanics 05
• While mechanics refers to the rules of
written language such as capitalization,
punctuation, spelling, and abbreviation;
grammar, on the other hand, is the
structure of written and spoken language.
• Grammar refers to the parts of speech and
how they combine to form sentences. An
understanding of both grammar and
mechanics is required to clearly
communicate one’s ideas in paper.