MAKILALA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY
CRIMINOLOGY DEPARTMENT
CHARACTER FORMATION 2
Course number: CFLM 2 Instructor: MARY ANN T. NADNADEN, RCRIM
Course Title :Character Formation 2
Credits :3 units Email address:[email protected]
Module no. :1 and 2
Duration :2 weeks
I. LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of this lesson, you should be able to;
i. To know the definition of leadership and the development of self-leadership;
ii. Discuss the Primary factors of leadership.
iii. Explain theories of leadership
II. Topics
Definition of leadership
Development of self-leadership.
Primary factors of leadership
Theories of leadership
III. REFERENCE
Caballero, Nicolas S. & Barican,Liza Joy B. (2021).Character formation 2
Leadership, Decision Making, Management, and Administrator.Wiseman's Books
Trading.
IV. COURSE CONTENT
Definition
Leadership is the ability of an individual or a group of people to influence
and guide followers or members of an organization, society or team. Leadership
often is an attribute tied to a person's title, seniority or ranking in a hierarchy.
Leadership is a practice of driving people to achieve goals. Leaders do
this by providing many means of shaping the actions of subordinates. It is a
process whereby an individual influence others and guides the organization in
a manner that makes it more cohesive and coherent.
Leadership comes from the old English word “lithan”, which literally
means“to go” and also means “to guide”. Leadership in the Old Dutch is
associated by the idea of going somewhere together with others.
BOSS OR LEADER?
Although your role as a manager or supervisor gives you the authority to
accomplish certain tasks and objectives within the organization (Assigned
Leadership), this power does not make you a leader, it simply makes you a boss.
Leadership differs in that it makes the followers want to achieve high goals
(Emerging Leadership), rather than simply ordering people around. Thus, by your
position, you get assigned leadership and you display emergent leadership by
influencing people to do great things.
SIGNIFICANCE OF SELF LEADERSHIP
Self-leadership simultaneously contributes to the success of the business or
organization. It entails being able to manage your emotions and actions in a way that
directs you toward success as well as having a solid grasp of who you are, where you
want to go, and what you can achieve.
Self-leadership;
1. allows leaders or senior officers ,who undergo very little or no supervision,
to prepare and set targets on their own, as well as to control their own self to execute
those plans.
2. For lower level employees or subordinates, who cannot always be sure of
the kind of governance or leaders they may face on their careers, self-management
enables them to become effective and efficient workers under any leadership they may
encounter, be it lasses faire, free rule, democratic or autocratic.
3. Self-leadership helps make individual decision makers proactive, focused
and autonomous. People who do not have a strong sense of self leadership tend to feel
that they are not in control of themselves, frequently lose concentration and easily get
frustrated.
DEVELOPMENT OF SELF-LEADERSHIP
Everybody is a future leader. Leadership is therefore not an inborn trait, but it is
developed to become a leader through learning and training people with a sincere
interest.
1. Clarity of purpose-this means that each entity must have vision and be able to set it
up. Being a leader your purpose or vision well be foundation upon which you build self-
leadership.
2. Aim at success and take reasonable risks- risk taking is necessary part of life.
Challenge yourself to take on challenging assignment. Do not deter yourself or others
from past failures rather concentrate on goals and success.
3. Spend time to reflect on your life-reflections of life can also mean letting others
make an objective evaluation on you and can make them inspired on your story.
4. Don’t tolerate just anything-you should not risk your dream you should learned to
be tolerant to any suggestions or ideas that don’t suit your vision. Involves not tolerating
negative factors such as laziness, anxiety and many others in your nature.
Simple ways to lead your-self
1. to them Know your values and stick., the ones with real values and ethics are the
most trustworthy leaders. Find ideas that reverberate with your philosophy,
temperament, and creeds to become effective leader.
2. Move towards purpose-as a leader you can inspire, guide and encourage
subordinates to achieve larger objectives, if you have a purpose then make sure that
the team is aligned with a common purpose
3. Keep improving yourself-great leaders are working hard to improve, expand and
evolved into better versions of them
4. . Make mistake but never make those mistakes twice-trying new stuff, and doing
things that challenge your comfort zone is important.
5. Lead by example-none is easier than leading from the front. The only thing that can
turn you into a leader is when you begin to act like one.
PRIMARY FACTORS OF LEADERSHIP
1. Leader-to become successful you have to persuade your followers that you are
worthy of being followed, not yourself or your superiors.
2. Followers-a newly employed deserves more supervision that an accomplished
subordinate does.an individual without motivation needs a different approach than one
with a high motivational level.as a leader you have to know your people.
3. Communication-what and how you interact either strengthens or destroy your
relationship with your followers
4. Situation-in every situation is different, everything you do in one situation isn’t
automatically going to work in another. You have to use your discretion to determine the
best course of action and the style of leadership need for each situation.
THEORIES OF LEADERSHIP
1. Transnational theory-Managers who practice transnational leadership keep an eye
on their staff, making sure they are rewarded for reaching milestones and disciplined
when they fall short. The concept also presupposes that workers must comply with
managerial directives.
2. Theory of transformation-This leadership theory contends that effective leaders
inspire workers to go above and beyond what they are capable of. Leaders develop a
vision for their team members and motivate them to realize it. Employee morale is
raised and inspired by transformational leaders, which helps them perform better at
work. These managers encourage staff members by their deeds rather than their words
because they specialize in setting an example.
3. The theory of contingencies-Determining the optimal strategy for leading an
organization to achieve depends on both internal and external considerations. The right
candidate should fit the correct scenario, according to the contingency theory.
4. The theory of situation-Similar to the contingency theory, this idea emphasizes the
significance of context and holds that a leader should adjust to the shifting context to
achieve objectives and make judgments. The level of competence and dedication of the
team members can influence how these leaders choose to lead.
5. Great man theory-One of the first theories on leadership makes the assumption that
these qualities are inherent, which indicates that leaders are born, not created, and
cannot be learned. asserts that a leader has certain innate human characteristics, such
as Glamour, Decisive, Wisdom, Daring, Assertiveness, and Appeal.
6. The trait theory-The great man theory is expanded upon by the trait theory of
leadership, which is predicated on the idea that effective leaders have particular
personality qualities and features of behavior. They can become effective leaders in a
number of circumstances thanks to these qualities. It also promotes the idea that certain
people are more naturally gifted as leaders than others. Effective people have hobbies
and personality traits that are very different from those of non-leaders.
7. Behaviorist theory-The behavioral idea holds that leaders are formed and trained,
not born, in contrast to the model of leadership. In other words, a leader's performance
is not influenced by their inherent traits because leadership qualities are driven by
behavior. Anyone is capable of becoming a leader with the right training and instruction.
8. Behavioral theory-Behavioral leadership theory focuses on the actions of leaders
and holds that other leaders are able to imitate similar actions. Because it is sometimes
known, the design theory contends that successful leaders could also be developed
through teachable conduct rather than being born with it.
9. Functional theory-The functional theory of leadership emphasizes how employment
or organization is being led rather than who has been formally designated as the leader.
Within the functional leadership approach, the power to get things done is supported by
a collection of people's behaviors rather than one individual.
10. Integrated psychological theory-Integrative leadership may be a new style of
leadership that encourages cooperation across a variety of barriers in order to advance
the common good. It combines leadership theories and techniques that have their roots
in five important societal spheres: industry, government, nonprofits, the media, and the
community.
MOST IMPORTANT KEYS TO EFFECTIVE LEADERSHIP
1. Trust and Confidence
2. Effective Communication
Helping employees understand the overall business strategy of the
organization.
Helping workers understand how they help achieve the
organizational goals.
Sharing information with workers on how the organization is doing
and how its own group of employees is doing.
LEADERSHIP PRINCIPLE
1. Know yourself and seek self-improvement.
2. Be technically and tactically proficient.
3. Seek responsibility and take responsibility for your actions.
4. Make sound and timely decisions.
5. Set the example.
6. Know your people and look out for their welfare.
7. Keep your subordinates informed.
8. Develop a sense of responsibility in your subordinates
9. Ensure that task are understood, supervised and accompanied.
10. Trained as a team.
11. Employ your command in accordance with its capabilities.
INSPIRING SUBORDINATES
It is much easier to get people to do something if they have the drive to do so.
Inspire means to “breathe life in.” and to do that, we have to have a life of our own.
Three main actions will aid you in accomplishing this:
1. Be Passionate
A trickle- down impact can arise in the organization where there is a leader with
great enthusiasm about a project. You have to devote yourself to the job that you do. Do
not expect your people to be worked up about it if you don’t express the excitement.
2. Involves subordinates in the decision making process
People involved in the decision- making process are much more deeply involved
than those who simply carry out the order of a manager. Help them contribute, and
inform them that you value their opinions. When it makes sense to do so, listen to them
and integrate their suggestions.
3. Know what your organization is about
