Physical Sciences (English Version)

Solution for 2022-23 Examination

General instructions
(For Regular and External Candidates)
Time: Three hours and fifteen minutes
(First fifteen minutes for reading the question paper)
Full Marks: For Regular candidates: 90
For External candidates: 100
Only the External candidate will answer group ‘E’
Figures in the margin indicate full marks for each question.

Group ‘A’

1. Multiple choice questions. Four alternative answers are given below for
each of the following questions. Write the correct one. 1x15 = 15

1.1 Which of the following gas helps in the depletion of ozone in the ozone layer?
(a) CO2
(b) Ar
(c) CFC
(d) He
Answer: (c)
Explanation: CFCs release free radicals of halogens which react with ozone
leaving it in the elemental form which results in depletion of ozone.

1.2 What is the value of PV for 4 g of H2 gas at STP? (H = 1)

(a) RT
(b) 2 RT
(c) 4 RT
(d) 0.5 RT
Answer: (b)
Explanation:

Number of moles of a substance = Total weight of substance/Molecular weight of

substance

i.e. n = W/M = 4/2 = 2 moles

 Physical Sciences (English Version)
Solution for 2022-23 Examination

Hence the Ideal Gas equation becomes PV = nRT

PV = 2RT

1.3 How many grams of O2 will be required to make CO2 by burning 12 g of C

completely? (C = 12, O = 16)
(a) 32 g
(b) 12 g
(c) 16 g
(d) 44 g
Answer: (a)
Explanation:
C + O2 → CO2
Given, the weight of carbon = 12 g = 1 mol
From the equation 1 mol of Carbon react with 1 mol of Oxygen to Give 1 mol of
Carbon dioxide
It means 12 grams of carbon reacts with 32 grams of oxygen giving 44 grams of
carbon dioxide.

1.4 How many types of thermal expansion coefficients are there for a liquid?
(a) 0
(b) 1
(c) 2
(d) 3
Answer: (b)
Explanation:
As liquids do not have a definite shape and assume the shape of the container,
liquids experience only volume expansion.so there is only one coefficient for
liquid that is cubic expansion coefficient (𝛃)

1.5 In the case of refraction of white light through a prism, the light of colour
which deviates the least is
(a) yellow
(b) orange
(c) red
 Physical Sciences (English Version)
Solution for 2022-23 Examination

(d) violet
Answer: (c)
Explanation:
When white light falls on a glass prism, each colour in it is refracted by a different
angle, from which red colour is least deviated and violet is most deviated.

1.6 If a reflected ray from a concave mirror makes an angle of 45° with the
normal, the angle of incidence will be
(a) 90°
(b) 22.5°
(c) 135°
(d) 45°

Answer: (d)

Explanation:

According to the first law of reflection of light, if the angle of incidence is 450 then
the angle between the incident ray and normal will be 450

1.7 What is the unit of conductivity?

(a) mho metre-1

(b) ohm metre-1
(c) mho metre
(d) ohm metre

Answer: (a)

Explanation:

The SI unit of electrical conductivity is siemens per metre (S/m) or mho metre-1

1.8 If a current of 0.2 ampere flows through a conductor of resistance 40 ohm,

what is the potential difference between the two ends of the conductor?
(a) 0.5 volt
(b) 2 volt
(c) 6 volt
 Physical Sciences (English Version)
Solution for 2022-23 Examination

(d) 8 volt
Answer: (d)
Explanation:
Step 1: Given data:
I = 0.2A
R= 40 ohm
Step 2: To determine the potential difference at the end of the conductor:

According to ohm’s law,

V = IR
Thus,
V= 0.2×40= 8V

1.9 The correct order of penetrating power of 𝛼-, ꞵ-, and 𝛄- rays is

(a) 𝛄＞𝛼＞ꞵ
(b) 𝛄＞ꞵ＞𝛼
(c) 𝛼>ꞵ> 𝛄
(d) ꞵ> 𝛄>𝛼

Answer: (b)
Explanation:
Penetrating power refers to the energy with which the radiation particles are
ejected from an atom. The higher the energy, the more the particles or rays
produced by radioactive decay will penetrate a substance.
Alpha particles have the least penetrating power. They cannot penetrate through
air for more than 8-10 cm.
Beta particles have more penetrating power than alpha particles, upto a few
metres in air.
Gamma rays have the most penetrating power, upto a few hundred metres in air.
Therefore, the order of penetrating power is 𝛄＞ꞵ＞𝛼

1.10 How many elements are there in the fourth period of a long periodic table?
(a) 8
(b) 32
 Physical Sciences (English Version)
Solution for 2022-23 Examination

(c) 16
(d) 18
Answer: (d)
Explanation:
There are 18 elements in the 4th period of the modern periodic table.

They are-

1.11 In the formation of CaO how many electrons are transferred from Ca atom
to O atom? (Atomic numbers of oxygen and calcium are 8 and 20 respectively)
(a) 0
(b) 1
(c) 2
(d) 3
Answer: (c)
Explanation:

Electronic configuration of Ca: 2, 8, 8, 2 [Atomic number= 20]

Electronic configuration of O: 2, 6 [Atomic number= 8]

Valency of Ca is 2 and Valency of O is also 2.

So Calcium transfers 2 electrons to O. This satisfies the valencies of both atoms

for the formation of CaO.

1.12 In the extraction of aluminium by the process of electrolysis, the fused

mixture used contains which of the following along with cryolite and fluorspar?
(a) anhydrous aluminium chloride
(b) aluminium hydroxide
(c) aluminium sulfate
(d) pure alumina
Answer: (d)
Explanation:
Aluminium is produced by the electrolytic reduction of fused alumina (Al2O3 ) in
the electrolytic cell.
 Physical Sciences (English Version)
Solution for 2022-23 Examination

Cathode: Iron tank lined with graphite

Anode: A bunch of graphite rods suspended in molten electrolyte. Electrolyte:
Pure alumina+ molten cryolite + fluorspar (fluorspar lowers the fusion
temperature of electrolyte)
Temperature: 900 - 950 °C
Voltage used: 5-6 V
Overall reaction: 2 Al 2O3 → 4 Al +3O 2 ↑

1.13 For the preparation of N2 gas in the laboratory, the mixed aqueous solution
of Which of the following two compounds is used?
(a) NaNO2 and NH4Cl
(b) NaNO3 and NH4Cl
(c) NaCl and NH4NO3
(d) NaNO3 and NH4NO3
Answer: (a)
Explanation:
NH4Cl(aq) + NaNO2(aq) → NH4NO2 + NaCl(aq)
NH4NO2(aq) + Heat → N2(g) + 2H2O(l)

1.14 Which of the following is the formula of zinc blende, an ore of zinc?
(a) ZnO
(b) ZnS
(c) ZnCO3
(d) ZnSO4
Answer: (b)
Explanation: The formula of Zinc blende is ZnS, also called zinc sulphide

1.15 Which of the following is an alcohol?

(a) CH3OCH3
(b) CH3CHO
(c) CH3COOH
(d) CH3CH2OH

Answer: (d)
Explanation: The functional group of alcohol is -OH. CH3CH2OH is ethanol.
 Physical Sciences (English Version)
Solution for 2022-23 Examination

Group ‘B’

2. Answer the following questions (alternatives are to be noted):

2.1 Name a gas present in the atmosphere which is not a greenhouse gas.
Answer: Carbon dioxide, methane and water vapour are greenhouse gases. But
the main constituents of the atmosphere, nitrogen and oxygen are not
greenhouse gases.

2.2 What is meant by—the calorific value of a sample of coal is 30,000 kJkg-1?
OR
Why can wind energy be used for sustainable growth development?
Answer: This statement means that when 1 kg of coal is burnt, 30,000 kJ of
energy is released.
OR
Wind power is the most efficient technology to produce energy in a safe and
environmentally sustainable manner: it is zero emissions, local, inexhaustible,
competitive and it creates wealth and jobs.

2.3 At a certain pressure the volume of a fixed mass of a gas at a temperature of

0OC is Vo; what will be the increase in volume of the gas, according to Charles'
law, if the temperature of the gas is raised by 10C keeping the pressure
unchanged?

Answer:
According to Charles law,
V∝T
Or V = kT
Given initial volume = V0 and Temperature = 00C = 273 K
Therefore V0 = k × 273 ……………………………(i)
When the Temperature increases by 10C
The Volume becomes (V) = k × (1 + 273) …………………………….(ii)
Dividing equation (ii) by (i), we get
 Physical Sciences (English Version)
Solution for 2022-23 Examination

𝑉 𝑘 × (1+273)
𝑉0
= 𝑘 × 273
274
V = V0 ( 273
)
274 1
Increase in volume = V0( 273
) - V0 = 273
V0

2.4 What will be the ratio of the number of molecules present in 1 L of H 2 gas and
4 L of CO 2 gas at STP?
Answer:
22.4 L of H 2 = 6.02x1023 molecules of H2 gas
1 L of H 2 = 0.268x1023 = 2.68x1022 molecules of H2 gas
And
22.4 L of CO 2 = 6.02x1023 molecules of CO2 gas
1 L of CO 2 = 2.68x1022 molecules of CO2 gas
So, 4 L of CO 2 = 4x2.68x1022 molecules of CO2 gas
The ratio of 1 L of H 2 gas and 4 L of CO 2 gas
22
2.68𝑥10 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐻𝑦𝑑𝑟𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑛 𝑔𝑎𝑠 1
= 22 = 4
4𝑥2.68𝑥10 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐶𝑎𝑟𝑏𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑖𝑜𝑥𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑔𝑎𝑠
Ratio of the number of molecules = 1:4

2.5 Write whether the following statement is true or false :

The value of coefficient of linear expansion of solid is the same in celsius scale
and in Kelvin scale.
OR
Arrange diamond, iron and silver in the order of decreasing thermal conductivity.
Ans.
The given statement is True.
Coefficient of Linear Expansion is the rate of change of unit length per unit
degree change in temperature. Linear expansion coefficient depends only on
change in temperature and not absolute value of temperature. Since a difference
of 1 K is the same as a difference of 1 degree celsius.

Or
Diamond > Silver > Iron

2.6 Write one use of convex mirror.

 Physical Sciences (English Version)
Solution for 2022-23 Examination

Ans.
● It is used as a rear-view mirror in automobiles.
● It is used in ATMs and other places for security reasons.
● It is used as a reflector for street lights.

2.7 A ray parallel to the principal axis of a concave mirror follows which path after
reflection by the concave mirror?
Ans.
A light ray falling parallel to the principal axis of a concave mirror passes through
the focus after reflection.

2.8 If the same potential difference is applied between the two ends of iron and
copper wires having the same length and cross section, does an equal amount of
current flow through the two wires?
Ans.
No, since the resistivity of iron is more than that of copper.
We know that
𝑉
𝑉 = 𝐼𝑅 ⇒ 𝐼 = 𝑅
And
𝐿
𝑅= ρ 𝐴
Since area and lengths of the wires are the same then, the resistance will solely
depend upon the resistivity.
then, 𝑅𝑖𝑟𝑜𝑛 > 𝑅𝐶𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑟
then,
𝐼𝑐𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑟 > 𝐼𝐼𝑟𝑜𝑛
Current flowing through the Copper wire will be more than current in the iron
wire.

2.9 Draw I-V graph according to Ohm's law in the case of a metallic conductor.
Ans.
 Physical Sciences (English Version)
Solution for 2022-23 Examination

The slope of the V-I graph gives the resistance of the conductor. R is the
constant for the given metallic wire at a given temperature and is called
resistance.

2.10 Mention one peaceful use of atomic energy.

Or
Fill up the blank :
γ-ray is ____________ wave of short wavelength.
Ans.
Uses of atomic energy:
● Medical diagnosis and treatments
● Nuclear medicine
● Environmental uses of nuclear technology
Or
γ-ray is an electromagnetic wave of short wavelength.

2.12 Write whether the following statement is true or false :

The formation of an ionic compound is made possible largely by the formation of
a stable ionic network.
Answer: The given statement is true.

2.13 In the refining of impure copper metal by the process of electrolysis. the
mass of which electrode increases?
OR
In the electroplating of gold over silver, what is used as electrolyte?
Answer:
For electrolytic refining of copper, we use:
 Physical Sciences (English Version)
Solution for 2022-23 Examination

Cathode: A thin plate of pure copper metal.

Anode: A block of impure copper metal.
Electrolyte: Copper sulphate solution acidified with sulphuric acid.
The mass of anode decreases and the mass of cathode increases provided with
little or no changes in the electrolyte.

Reactions occurring at anode:

Cu → Cu2+ 2e- (Oxidation occurs)
Reactions occurring at cathode:
Cu2+ 2e- → Cu (Reduction occurs)

Basically, the Cu2+ ions that are lost from anode are gained by cathode
respectively and we get the pure copper at the cathode. That’s how the whole
purification process takes place in itself.

When electric current is passed through the electrolytic solution, pure copper
gets deposited at the cathode and the impurities settle at the bottom of the anode
in the form of sludge called anode mud.

2.14 Fill up the blank:

During electrolysis electricity is carried through electrolyte by _____________.
Answer:
During electrolysis electricity is carried through electrolyte by both cations and
anions.

2.15 Mention one reason for relative chemical inertness of N2.

OR
Of the two substances used for the production of urea, one is carbon dioxide.
What is the other?
Answer:
In N2, The triple bond is pretty strong. Therefore, it needs a lot of energy to break
those bonds and participate in a reaction. So nitrogen is commonly referred to as
and used as an inert gas (high abundance & low cost.) The dissociation energy
of its molecule is fairly high.

OR
 Physical Sciences (English Version)
Solution for 2022-23 Examination

In the production of urea, carbon dioxide and ammonia is used for the formation
of urea.

2.16 Which compound is formed by the reaction of atmospheric nitrogen and

oxygen as a result of lightning?
Answer:
Nitric Oxide, NO is formed by the reaction of atmospheric nitrogen and oxygen by
lightning during thunderstorms.
N2(g) + O2(g) → 2NO(g)

2.17 Write the IUPAC name for CH3CH = CH2

OR
What is the disposition of the four valencies of carbon in methane?
Answer:
IUPAC name of CH3CH = CH2 is Prop-1-ene or Propene
OR
Methane is formed by the combination of 4 hydrogen atoms and 1 carbon atom,
hence valency of carbon is 4.

2.18 Write one use of denatured spirit.

Answer:

To prevent the misuse of industrial alcohol it is made unfit for drinking by the
addition of some poisonous substances to it. Substances like methyl alcohol and
pyridine are added to the alcohol and it is known as methylated spirit or
denatured spirit.

Group ‘C’
 Physical Sciences (English Version)
Solution for 2022-23 Examination

3. Answer the following questions (alternative are to be noted): 2 x 9

3.1 Mention two possible future effects of global warming on the environment.
Answer:
The future effects of global climate change include more frequent wildfires, longer
periods of drought in some regions, and an increase in the duration and intensity
of tropical storms.
3.2 A fixed mass of a gas occupies a volume of 580 cm3 at a temperature of 17oC
and a pressure of 750 mmHg. What volume will the gas occupy at that pressure
and at a temperature of 470C?
OR
Two gases of same mass occupy at STP the volumes of 4480 mL and 5600 mL
respectively. Find out the ratio of molar masses of the two gases.
Answer:
Given,
V1 = 580 cm3

P1 = 750 mmHg
V2 = ?
P2 = 750 mmHg
T2 = 470C = (47+273)K = 320K
𝑃1 𝑉1 𝑃2 𝑉2
From Ideal gas equation, 𝑇1
= 𝑇2

Since the pressures are same So,

𝑉1 𝑉2
𝑇1
= 𝑇2

580 𝑉2
290
= 320
580 𝑥 320
V2 = 290
= 640 cm3
OR
Since we know that at constant temperature and pressure the volume of a gas is
directly proportional to the number of the mole of the gas
I.e. V ∝ n
𝑉1 𝑀2
Or, 𝑉2
= 𝑀1
……………………………………….(i)
 Physical Sciences (English Version)
Solution for 2022-23 Examination

𝑚
Since n = 𝑀
Where m = mass of the gas and M = Molar mass of the gas
Given, V1 = 4480mL
And V2 = 5600mL
From equation (i)
4480 𝑀2
5600
= 𝑀1
,
𝑀1 5600 5
𝑀2
= 4480
,= 4

M1 : M2 = 5:4

3.3 Write snell’s law of refraction of light.

OR
Write two characteristics of the image or an extended object formed when it is
placed in between the optical centre and focus of a thin convex lens.

Answer:
The Snell’s law of refraction states that:
● The incident ray, the refracted ray and the normal at the point of incidence,
all lie in the same plane.
● The ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence to the sine of the angle of
refraction is constant for the pair of the given media and light of a given
color.
OR
When the object is placed between focus and optical centre of the convex lens,
the image formed is virtual, erect and magnified as shown.
 Physical Sciences (English Version)
Solution for 2022-23 Examination

3.4 Write one characteristic of each electrical heater wire and fuse wire.
Answer:
The wire used in the element of the electric heater has a high resistivity and have
a high melting point, i.e. even at a high-temperature element does not burn while
fuse wire has a low melting point and high resistivity

3.5 Show by drawing a Lewis dot diagram of CH4 that CH4 is formed by covalent
bonds. (Atomic numbers of H and C are 1 and 6 respectively)
Answer:

3.6 Show by the help of a property of sodium chloride that sodium chloride is
composed of ions.
 Physical Sciences (English Version)
Solution for 2022-23 Examination

OR
Show how an ionic bond is formed in sodium chloride. (Atomic numbers of Na
and Cl are 11 and 17 respectively)
Answer:
NaCl are white crystals which do not have an odour but possess a taste. In its
aqueous state NaCl splits into two ions one is Sodium cation(Na+) and other one
is Chloride anion(Cl-). This solution acts as a good conductor of electricity due to
the free movement of the ions. The formation of ions in aqueous solution shows
that NaCl is an ionic compound.

OR
When sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl) combine together the sodium atom
loses its one electron to chlorine. Sodium forms a positive ion and chlorine
forms a negative ion. These ions are then attracted to each other in a 1:1 ratio to
form sodium chloride (NaCl).

3.7 Write with a balanced chemical equation, what happens when H2S gas is
passed through an aqueous solution of Pb(NO3)2.
Answer:
 Physical Sciences (English Version)
Solution for 2022-23 Examination

When Hydrogen sulphide is passed through lead nitrate solution following

reaction takes place:

H2S(g) + Pb(NO3)2(aq) → PbS↓ + 2HNO3(aq)

3.8 In the extraction of metal by the process of elcctrolysis at which electrode

does the following reaction occur?
Mn+ + ne ⇌ M (M = Metal)
Is it an oxidation or a reduction reaction? Answer with reason.
OR
Mention one use of aluminium. Why acidic foods should not be kept in aluminium
containers?
Answer:

Oxidation is the process when an element loses electrons whereas reduction is

the process of gain of electrons.

The reaction is

Mn+ + ne ⇌ M

There is a gain of electrons so, the reaction will take place at the cathode and is
an example of an reduction reaction.

The reaction will take place at cathode and it is an example of reduction.

OR

Aluminium is used in a huge variety of products including cans, foils, kitchen

utensils, window frames, beer kegs and aeroplane parts.

Metals react with acids. So food items with acidic components may react with the
metal to produce toxic materials. Hence such food items should not be stored in
metallic containers.

3.9 How is polyethylene produced by the polymerization reaction of ethylene?

OR
 Physical Sciences (English Version)
Solution for 2022-23 Examination

How can the following conversion be carried out?

HC ≡ CH →CH3CH3

Answer:
Polyethylene is made through an addition polymerization reaction that utilizes an
ethylene monomer (–C2H4–) repeated along the chain.
OR
0
In presence of Nickel catalyst at 160 C or Platinum catalyst at ordinary
temperature, acetylene(HC ≡ CH) combines with two molecules of hydrogen
producing ethylene at first and finally ethane.

Group D
4. Answer the following questions (alternatives are to be noted)

4.1 What is an ideal gas? What is the effect of increase of temperature on the
pressure of a gas kept in a closed container? Answer with reason.

Answer: Ideal gas is a hypothetical gas whose molecules occupy negligible

space and have no interactions, and which consequently obeys the gas laws
exactly.
According to the law of Gay-Lussac, the volume of gas is held constant. The
pressure of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature while the volume is
kept constant.
P / T = constant
Temperature is directly proportional to volume. Thus, as the temperature goes up
the volume also increases.

4.2 On burning sulphur in oxygen, sulphur dioxide is produced:

 Physical Sciences (English Version)
Solution for 2022-23 Examination

S + O₂ → SO₂

For producing 2240 L of SO 2 at STP

(i) How many gram of sulphur
And (ii) how many moles of O2 will be required? (O=16, S=32)
OR
On burning 480 g of a solid compound in 352 g of oxygen. 320 g of another solid
compound and a gaseous compound are produced. If the vapour density of the
gaseous compound is 32, how many mole of the gaseous compound is formed.
Answer:
(i) The given reaction is,
S + O₂ → SO₂
It means 1 mole of S reacts with 1 mole of O2, gives 1 mole of SO2
Or in term of volume we can say,
22.4L of O 2 require 22.4L of SO 2 at STP.
Since, 22.4L of SO 2 = 1 mole of SO2
1
2240 L of SO 2 = 2240 x 22.4 mole of SO2 = 100 mole of SO2

100 mole of SO2 = 100 mole of S = 100x32 = 3200 mole of S

(ii) From the balanced chemical reaction, we see that 1 mole of SO2 will be
require 1 mole of O2
100 mole of SO2 will be require 100 mole of O2 .
OR
According to the law of conservation of mass,
Total mass of the reactants = 480 + 352 = 832
Total mass of the gaseous product = 832 - mass of the sold product
= 832 - 320
= 512 g
Vapour density of gaseous product = 32
Molar mass of gaseous product = 2 × 32 = 64 g/mol
Number of moles of gaseous product = 512 / 64 = 8 moles

4.3 Define coefficient of volume expansion of solid and write its mathematical
form.
 Physical Sciences (English Version)
Solution for 2022-23 Examination

OR
Give one example of each of thermal expansion of solid, liquid and gaseous
substances from everyday experience.
Answer:
● When a solid is in bulk form that is in the form of a cube, cuboid, or sphere,
etc. then on heating, its volume increases, this is called volume expansion.
● It is observed that if the change in volume of the solid is ΔV then ΔV
proportional to the product of the original volume(V) and the change in
temperature(ΔT)
ΔV ∝ V ×ΔT
ΔV = γ V ×ΔT
Here , γ is the coefficient of the given volume solid material from here,
Δ𝑉
γ= 𝑉 ×Δ𝑇
OR
● Solids:There are gaps left intentionally when two rail tracks are joined
because the metal tracks expand during the summer season due to heat
and contract when they are subjected to cold weather. If no gaps are left in
the tracks the expanding tracks will bend and can cause accidents.
● Liquids:When mercury is heated it expands and this property of mercury is
used in thermometers to measure the temperature.
● Gases:When gases are heated they expand very rapidly and start to rise,
this property of gases is used to fly the hot air balloons.

4.4 In the case of refraction, if the angle of incidence is 45° and the refracted ray
makes an angle of 60° with the normal, what will be the value of angle of
deviation ?
If an object of 6 cm length is placed at a distance of 2.4 cm in front of a convex
lens, the image is formed at a distance of 4.8 cm from the lens . What is linear
magnification and the length of the image ?
OR
5
The velocity of light in the glass medium is 2 x 10 Km/s and the velocity of light
5
in water medium is 2.25 x 10 Km/s. Determine the ratio of refractive indices of
glass and water medium
.
 Physical Sciences (English Version)
Solution for 2022-23 Examination

Answer:
Angle of deviation = angle of refraction - angle of incidence
δ = r- i = 60°- 45° = 15°

Size of object (ℎ1) = 6 cm

object distance (u) = -2.4 cm
image distance (v)= 4.8 cm

𝑣 𝑆𝑖𝑧𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑒 (ℎ ) 4.8

Linear magnification = m = 𝑢
= 𝑆𝑖𝑧𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑏𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡 (ℎ2) −2.4
=-2
1

Size of image (ℎ2) = 2 × Size of object (ℎ1) = -2×6 = -12 cm

Linear magnification is - 2 and length of image is 12 cm.

OR

5
𝑉𝑔 = 2 x 10 Km/s
5
𝑉𝑤 = 2.25 x 10 Km/s
1
As we know μ ∝ 𝑉
μ𝑔 𝑉𝑤 2.25 𝑥 10
5

μ𝑤
= 𝑉𝑔
= 5 = 1.125
2 𝑥 10

4.5 Write one use of each X-ray and γ-ray. Mention one harmful effect of γ-ray.
Ans.
Uses of γ-ray
● γ-rays are used in medical science to kill cancer cells.
● γ-rays are used in medicine (radiotherapy), industry (sterilization and
disinfection) and the nuclear industry.
Uses of X-ray
● X-rays are used to check the bags at the airport.
● X-rays are used to identify the fracture.
● X-rays help in identifying the infection in the bones, teeth, etc.
 Physical Sciences (English Version)
Solution for 2022-23 Examination

Harmful effects of γ-ray

Gamma rays are ionizing in nature, which means that they are capable enough
of releasing electrons from atoms. Gamma rays are biologically dangerous and
can cause animal cells to decay.

4.6 Two metallic wires A and B of the same length are made of the same
material. The radius of the wire A is double than the radius of the wire B. What is
the ratio of resistances of the two wires?
Answer:
Let the resistance of wire A is 𝑅𝐴
Let the resistance of wire A is 𝑅𝐵
Let radius of wire B is r
Than radius of wire A is 2r

⍴𝑙 ⍴𝑙
As we know that R = 𝐴
= 2
𝜋𝑟
1
So R ∝ 2
𝑟
Hence
𝑅𝐴 (𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑖𝑟𝑒 𝐵)
2 2
(𝑟) 1
𝑅𝐵
= 2 = 2 = 4
(𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑖𝑟𝑒 𝐴) (2𝑟)

𝑅𝐴:𝑅𝐵 = 1:4

There are three 220V - 60W electric lamps and two 220V - 100W electric fans in
a house. The electric lamps are lighted for 5 hours a day and the fans are run for
10 hours a day. If the cost per B.O.T unit is rupee 5, what will be the cost of
electricity for 30 days?
Answer:
3 × 60 × 5 × 30
Electrical energy consumed by the lamps = 1000
= 27 B.O.T
2 × 100 × 10 × 30
Electrical energy consumed by the fans = 1000
= 60 B.O.T

the cost of electricity = (27+60)×5 = 435 rupees.

 Physical Sciences (English Version)
Solution for 2022-23 Examination

4.7 Write Faraday's laws of electromagnetic induction. Mention one advantage of

using a LED lamp over an incandescent lamp.
Ans.
Faraday’s First law of electromagnetic induction:
● Whenever a conductor is placed in a varying magnetic field, an
electromotive force is induced. If the conductor circuit is closed, a current is
induced, which is called induced current.
Faraday’s second law of electromagnetic induction
● The induced emf in a coil is equal to the rate of change of flux linkage.
𝑑ϕ
ε =− 𝑁 𝑑𝑡
Where ε is the electromotive force, Φ is the magnetic flux, and N is the number of
turns.

Advantage of using LEDs over and incandescent lamp are:

● LEDs have longer life as compared to incandescent lamps.
● LEDs require low operational voltage and less power as compared to
incandescent lamps.
● LEDs also have fast on-off switching capabilities.

4.8 There are 92 protons and 143 neutrons in the nucleus of a radioactive atom.
If an ∝-particle is emitted from that atom how many protons neutrons will be
present in the nucleus of the new atom formed?
What type of nuclear reaction is the source of energy of stars?
Answer:
Composition of atomic nucleus = 92 protons and 143 neutrons.
Mass number of nucleus = 92 + 143 = 235
Atomic number of nucleus =92
The nucleus emits an alpha particle, the mass number decreases by 4 and the
atomic number decreases by 2.
Number of protons in nucleus of new atom = atomic number = 92 - 2 = 90
Mass number of nucleus of new atom = 235 - 4 = 231
Number of neutrons in nucleus of new atom = 231 - 90
= 231 - 90 = 141

The type of nuclear reaction in the sun or stars is nuclear fusion.

 Physical Sciences (English Version)
Solution for 2022-23 Examination

4.9 Write the contribution of Mendeleef in the creation of ‘Periodic table’.

OR
What is meant by atomic radius of an atom? Arrange the first three
elements C, Si, Ge of group 14 of long periodic table in the order of their
increasing atomic radii.

Answer: In 1869, just five years after John Newlands put forward his law of
octaves, a Russian chemist called Dmitri Mendeleev published a periodic table.
Mendeleev also arranged the elements known at the time in order of relative
atomic mass, but he did some other things that made his table much more
successful.

He realised that the physical and chemical properties of elements were related to
their atomic mass in a 'periodic' way, and arranged them so that groups of
elements with similar properties fell into vertical columns in his table
Sometimes this method of arranging elements meant there were gaps in his
horizontal rows or 'periods'. But instead of seeing this as a problem, Mendeleev
thought it simply meant that the elements which belonged in the gaps had not yet
been discovered.
He was also able to work out the atomic mass of the missing elements, and so
predict their properties. And when they were discovered, Mendeleev turned out
to be right.
For example, he predicted the properties of an undiscovered element that should
fit below aluminium in his table. When this element, called gallium, was
discovered in 1875, its properties were found to be close to Mendeleev's
predictions. Two other predicted elements were later discovered, lending further
credit to Mendeleev's table.

Contributions
1) He first classified the periodic table into groups and periods.
2) Elements resemble the same property at fixed intervals.
 Physical Sciences (English Version)
Solution for 2022-23 Examination

OR

Answer: Atomic radius of an element can be defined as the distance between the
centre of that atom and its valence shell.
.
C, Si, Ge increasing order of atomic radii.

C< Si < Ge
This is because the atomic size increases down the group.

4.10 Mention two classes of electrolytes. How can they be differentiated?

Answer:
The two classes of electrolytes are
(i) strong electrolyte (ii) weak electrolyte
A strong electrolyte is an electrolyte that dissolves almost completely in water. An
example of a strong electrolyte is Hydrogen Chloride (HCl).

A weak electrolyte is an electrolyte that doesn't dissolve completely in water.

We can differentiate them using an electrolytic cell. An electrolysis apparatus with
an electric bulb as a sink of energy is used. When current is passed through the
circuit, the bulb glows brighter in case of a strong electrolyte. The bulb glows dim
or does not glow in case of a weak electrolyte.

4.11 Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction that occurs in the
Haber process for the industrial manufacture of ammonia. Write the conditions of
the process.
Answer:

Haber's process: When nitrogen gas combines with hydrogen in the presence
of

Fe (iron) as a catalyst at 4500C, 200 atm pressure, ammonia gas is formed.

 Physical Sciences (English Version)
Solution for 2022-23 Examination

4.12. A hydrocarbon in the substitution reaction with chlorine in diffused sunlight

forms methyl chloride in the first step. What is a hydrocarbon? Write balanced
chemical equation for the first step of the reaction. Mention one use of the
hydrocarbon.

OR

What is the industrial source of LPG?

Write one use of each of the acetic acid and poly(tetrafluoroethylene).
Answer:
The hydrocarbon is Methane, it reacts with chlorine in diffused sunlight and forms
methyl chloride in the first step.
CH4 + Cl2 + diffused sunlight → CH3Cl (methyl chloride) + HCl

Uses of the hydrocarbon (Methane):

1. Methane is used as a fuel.
2. It is used for the production of methanol, formaldehyde, methyl chloride,
carbon tetrachloride etc.
OR

LPG is manufactured by refining crude oil or raw natural gas, being derived
exclusively from fossil fuel sources. It is stripped from the wet natural gas stream
during natural gas processing and is a co-product of refining crude oil.Whilst
liquid under pressure when released from pressure at ambient temperature, it is
gaseous. It is stored and transported in LPG cylinders as a liquid under moderate
pressure.
 Physical Sciences (English Version)
Solution for 2022-23 Examination

The gases produced in the LPG production process are mainly propane and
butane.

Group ‘E’
(For external candidates only)
5. Answer the following question (any four)

5.1 The amount of greenhouse gas in the atmosphere increases by the burning
of fossil fuel?

Answer: When fossil fuels are burned, they release large amounts of carbon
dioxide, a greenhouse gas, into the air.

5.2 What is the product of pressure and volume of 32g of O2 at STP? (O = 16)
Answer:
Number of moles of O2 = 32/32 = 1 mole
Volume of 1 mole O2 = 22.4 litres
Standard pressure = 1 atm

So Volume × pressure = 22.4 × 1 = 22.4 atm litres

5.3 What is DC?

Answer: DC stands for Direct Current, which is electrical current that flows in
one direction.As the direct current flows, the electrons, which constitute the
electric charge, flow from the point of low potential to the point of high potential.
They move from the negative terminal to the positive terminal and the resulting
current is in the opposite direction (from positive to negative).. It is commonly
used in batteries and solar cells.
 Physical Sciences (English Version)
Solution for 2022-23 Examination

5.4 By the emission of which radioactive ray from the atom of a radioactive
element no new atom is created ?
Answer:

By the emission of gamma ray from the atom of a radioactive element no new
atom is created.Both alpha and beta decay change the number of protons in an
atom's nucleus, thereby changing the atom to a different element. Gamma
decay does not change the proton number, so the atom does not become a
different element.

5.5 Draw the structural formula of a saturated hydrocarbon containing two carbon
atoms.
Answer:

6. Answer the following question (any three)

6.1 What is the importance of insulators in household wiring ?

Answer:
Materials that do not allow electricity to pass through them are called electrical
insulators. Since direct contact with electrical circuits can be fatal as an electric
current can cause fatal burns. So to protect ourselves from electricity, we can use
insulators which act as a protecting layer. Insulators are also used in switches
which make or break a path for electric current to flow through it. Thus, insulators
give protection against electric shock. Electrical insulators are used to hold
conductors in position, separating them from one another and from surrounding
structures. They form a barrier between energized parts of an electric circuit and
confine the flow of current to wires or other conducting paths as desired. Most
electrical objects are made using insulators to keep them safe. Plugs, for
 Physical Sciences (English Version)
Solution for 2022-23 Examination

example, have plastic cases. Electrical wires are wrapped in plastic, which is
flexible as well as insulating.
The copper wires used in simple electrical circuits are coated in plastic. This
prevents electricity from flowing out of the circuit.

6.2 Whether a concave lens is called a converging lens or a diverging lens?

Answer with reason.

Answer: A concave lens is also known as a diverging lens because it is shaped

round inwards at the centre and bulges outwards through the edges, making the
light diverge.

6.3 Write the balanced chemical equation, what happens when dilute sulfuric acid
is added to ferrous sulfide.
Answer:

Dilute Sulphuric acid (H2SO4) reacts with Iron sulphide (FeS) to give Iron (II)
sluphate (FeSO4) and Hydrogen sulphide gas(H2S) as a product.

During this reaction, hydrogen sulphide gas is liberated with effervescence.

Balanced chemical equation :

H2SO4(aq) + FeS(s) → FeSO4(aq) + H2S(g)

6.4 Give two reasons in favour of using paper for packaging.

Answer:
Paper is biodegradable and easily recyclable.