Designation: C 1572 – 04

Standard Guide for

Dry Lead Glass and Oil-Filled Lead Glass Radiation
Shielding Window Components for Remotely Operated
Facilities1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1572; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

1. Scope 1.2.5 This standard is intended to be generic and to apply to

1.1 Intent: a wide range of configurations and types of lead glass radiation
1.1.1 This intent of this standard is to provide guidance for shielding window components used in hot cells. It does not
the design, fabrication, quality assurance, inspection, testing, address glovebox, water, x-ray glass or zinc bromide windows.
packaging, shipping, installation and maintenance of radiation 1.3 Caveats:
shielding window components. These window components 1.3.1 Consideration shall be given when preparing the
include wall liner embedments, dry lead glass radiation shield- shielding window designs for the safety related issues dis-
ing window assemblies, oil-filled lead glass radiation shielding cussed in the Hazards Sources and Failure Modes, Section 11;
window assemblies, shielding wall plugs, barrier shields, view such as dielectric discharge, over-pressurization, radiation
ports, and the installation/extraction table/device required for exposure, contamination, and overturning of the extraction
the installation and removal of the window components. table/device.
1.2 Applicability: 1.3.2 In many cases, the use of the word “shall” has been
1.2.1 This standard is intended for those persons who are purposely used in lieu of “should” to stress the importance of
tasked with the planning, design, procurement, fabrication, the statements that have been made in this standard.
installation, and operation of the radiation shielding window 1.3.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
components that may be used in the operation of hot cells, high safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
level caves, mini-cells, canyon facilities, and very high level responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
radiation areas. priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
1.2.2 This standard applies to radiation shielding window bility of regulatory requirements prior to use.
assemblies used in normal concrete walls, high-density con- 2. Referenced Documents
crete walls, steel walls and lead walls.
1.2.3 The system of units employed in this standard is the 2.1 Industry and National Consensus Standards—
metric unit, also known as SI Units, which are commonly used Nationally recognized industry and consensus standards which
for International Systems, and defined, by ASTM/IEEE SI-10 may be applicable in whole or in part to the design, fabrication,
Standard for Use of International System of Units. Common quality assurance, inspection, testing, packaging, shipping,
nomenclature for specifying some terms; specifically shielding, installation and maintenance of radiation shielding window
uses a combination of metric units and inch-pound units. components are referenced throughout this standard and in-
1.2.4 This standard identifies the special information re- clude the following:
quired by the Manufacturer for the design of window compo- 2.2 ASTM Standards: 2
nents. A1.1 shows a sample list of the radiation source spectra D 1533 Test Method for Water in Insulating Liquids by
and geometry information, typically required for shielding Coulometric Karl Fisher Titration
analysis. A2.1 shows a detailed sample list of specific data E 165 Test Method for Liquid Penetrant Examination
typically required to determine the physical size, glass types, E 170 Terminology Relating to Radiation Measurement and
and viewing characteristics of the shielding window, or view Dosimetry
port. A3 shows general window configuration sketches. Blank ASTM/IEEE SI-10 Standard for Use of the International
copies of A1.2 and A2.2 are found in the respective Annexes System of Units
for the Owner–Operator’s use.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C26 on Nuclear Fuel contact ASTM Customer Service at [email protected]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Cycle and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C26.14 on Remote Systems. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2004. Published January 2004. the ASTM website.

Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.

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 C 1572 – 04
2.3 American Concrete Institute (ACI) Standards:3 3.1.2 activity—the measure of the rate of spontaneous
C-31 Seismic Requirements nuclear transformations of a radioactive material. The SI unit
2.4 American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Stan- for activity is the becquerel, defined as 1 transformation per
dards:4 second. The original unit for activity was the curie (Ci), defined
Y 14 Engineering Drawing and Related Documentation as 3.7 3 1010 transformations per second. NCRP-82
Practices 3.1.3 air dryer cartridge—a cloth bag containing moisture
ANSI/ASME NQA-1 Quality Assurance Requirements for absorbent crystals. The bag is inserted into the dryer assembly.
Nuclear Facility Applications The crystals are used to absorb moisture from the contained
ANSI/AWS A2.4 Standard Symbols for Welding, Brazing environment.
and Nondestructive Examination 3.1.4 alpha—see radiation.
ANSI/AWS B2.1 Specification for Welding Procedure and 3.1.5 anti-reflection treatment—a process applied to the
Performance Qualification surface of the glass that reduces reflection, and increases the
ANSI/AWS D1.1/D1.1M Structural Welding Code—Steel light transmission through the glass. It is often called a
ANSI/AWS D1.6 Structural Welding Code—Stainless Steel low-reflection treatment.
ANSI/ISO/ASQ Q9001 Quality Management Standard Re-
3.1.6 as-built drawings—a set of drawings that reflect all of
quirements
the changes that were incorporated into the components during
2.5 American Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT)
the manufacturing process since the original design.
Standards:5
ASNT-SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Qualifica- 3.1.7 barrier shield assembly—consists of steel frames,
tion and Certification of Nondestructive Testing gaskets and a glass plate; typically cerium-stabilized, as-
2.6 Steel Structures Painting Council (SSPC):6 sembled together to form a see through barrier. The assembly
SSPC-SP1 Solvent Cleaning is mechanically fastened to the hot side of the wall liner to
SSPC-SP6 Commercial Blast Cleaning provide a gas tight containment barrier, which protects the
SSPC-P1 Paint Application Specification window assembly from any radioactive contamination within
2.7 Federal Standards (FS):7 the hot cell (alpha particles and other contaminates).
QQ-C-40 Caulking, Lead Wool, and Lead Pig 3.1.8 barrier shield glass—a glass plate; typically cerium
2.8 Federal Regulations (FR):7 stabilized that is used as a cover glass to see through and isolate
10 CFR830.120 Subpart A, Nuclear Safety Management, the window assembly from contamination. It is normally
Quality Assurance Requirements mounted in a barrier shield frame with gaskets to make up a
2.9 International Building Code (IBC):7 barrier shield assembly.
IBC Section 2314 Earthquake Regulations 3.1.9 becquerel (Bq)—see activity.
2.10 Other Standards: 3.1.10 bellows—a flexible enclosure generally made of a
AESS (R) 44/70000/6 Atomic Energy Standard Specifica- pliable gasket material, which expands and contracts with the
tion for Shielding Glass8 temperature change of the inert gas and other components,
NCRP Report No. 82 SI Units in Radiation Protection and maintaining a controlled atmosphere within the window assem-
Measurements9 bly. When employed, the bellows is generally connected to the
ICRU Report 10b Physical Aspects of Irradiation10 top of the expansion tank on an oil-filled window, and directly
above the air dryer on the window housing of a dry window.
3. Terminology The material of selection must be compatible with the envi-
3.1 Definitions: ronment, and with the window components.
3.1.1 absorbed dose—the quotient of the mean energy (E) 3.1.11 beta—see radiation.
imparted by ionizing radiation to matter of mass (M). The SI 3.1.12 browning—the discoloration and darkening of glass
unit for absorbed dose is the gray, defined as 1 joule/kg and is to a brownish color due to excessive radiation exposure.
equivalent to 100 rads. NCRP-82 3.1.13 bubbler system—device used as a pressure relief, and
constructed of an outer open top container or chamber that is
filled with a liquid. It has a separate pressurized tube inserted
3
into the liquid. When over-pressurization occurs in the tube,
American Concrete Institute (ACI) Standards, 38800 Country Club Drive,
Farmington Hills, MI 48331. the gas bubbles out the bottom of the tube and up to the surface
4
American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Standards, 1819 L St. NW through the liquid.
Washington D.C., 20036.
5 3.1.14 buffer seal—a specially configured seal gasket used
American Society of Nondestructive Testing (ASNT) Standards, PO Box
28518, 1711 Arlingate Lane, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. on a barrier shield.
6
Steel Structures Painting Council (SSPC), 40 24th Street 6th Floor, Pittsburgh, 3.1.15 build-up factor—term used for radiation passing
PA 15222.
7 through a medium, which is the ratio of the total value of a
Available from U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Docu-
ments, Mail Stop SSOP, Washington DC 20402-9328. specific radiation quantity (such as absorbed dose) at any point
8
HMSO, St. Clements House, 2-16 Colegate, Norwich, NR3 1BQ. UK. in that medium to the contribution to that quantity from the
9
Available from National Council of Radiation Protection and Measurements, incident uncollided radiation reaching that point. E 170
7910 Woodmont Avenue, Suite 400, Bethesda, MD 20814-3095.
10
Available from International Commission on Radiation Units and Measure- 3.1.16 central viewing area—the central viewing area of a
ments, Inc., 7910 Woodmont Avenue, Suite 400, Bethesda, MD 20814-3095. glass slab or glass plate is that viewing area, circular or

2
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 C 1572 – 04
elliptical, of which the diameter of axis is 80 percent of the 3.1.32 exposure—the quotient of the total charge of ions of
maximum usable viewing window dimensions. one sign produced in air when all electrons are liberated by
3.1.17 cerium-stabilized glass—often called non-browning photons in a volume element of air mass sufficient to com-
glass is a glass type that contains a small percentage of cerium pletely stop the electrons (charged particle equilibrium). Ra-
oxide to help stabilize the glass from discoloration due to diation exposure is a measure of the amount of ionization
radiation exposure. produced by x-ray or gamma rays as they travel through air.
3.1.18 certified material test report (CMTR)—a document The special unit of exposure is the roentgen (R). It is equivalent
that certifies the results of tests and analyses performed on the to 2.58 3 104 coulombs per kilograms of air. NCRP-82
item provided. 3.1.33 extraction/installation table/device—a heavy duty
3.1.19 checks—very small fractures, or breakouts normally table or device capable of supporting one and one-half times
around the edge of a glass plate, or glass slab. the shielding window’s weight that is used for extracting a
3.1.20 chip—a fragment broken from an edge or surface. shielding window, shielding plug, or view port from an
3.1.21 clear view—the physical size (length 3 width), of embedment wall liner, or installing the shielding window,
the smallest glass slab of all the glass components in a shielding plug, or view port into the wall liner.
shielding window assembly. (The actual clear view may be 3.1.34 extreme view angle—the maximum angle that an
reduced by the method of retention of the glass in the window.) operator can see into the hot cell when looking through the
3.1.22 cold side—the surface on a radiation shielding win- shielding window from the extreme perimeter edge of the cold
dow that is farthest from the radioactive source, and usually is side trim frame.
not subject to contamination. 3.1.35 gamma—see radiation.
3.1.23 cold side load—a cold side load window assembly is 3.1.36 gas purge line—a stainless steel tube supplying a
an assembly that is inserted into a wall liner or removed from pressurized gas to the window assembly.
a wall liner from the operator (cold side) of the hot cell. 3.1.37 gas-tight seal—a seal that meets the requirements of
3.1.24 cover glass (hot or cold side)—a glass plate posi- a leak rate test.
tioned on the hot or cold side of the window. The cover glass 3.1.38 gas vent line—a stainless steel tube connected to the
is often held in place with a trim frame assembly, and seal window assembly for the purpose of venting gas.
gaskets. This assembly achieves a seal, which isolates the inner 3.1.39 glass plate—typically used as cover glasses or bar-
glass slabs from the external atmosphere, and may also hold or rier shields. The maximum thickness is typically 40 mm (1.5
contain the mineral oil within the window assembly. in.) thick.
3.1.25 curie—see activity. 3.1.40 glass slabs—typically used for internal shielding in
3.1.26 density inch—a term used to describe the specific windows and view ports. The typical thickness ranges from a
gravity of a shielding material multiplied by the thickness of minimum of 40 mm (1.5 in.) up to a maximum of 400 mm (16
that material in inches. The units are (g/cc) 3 inch. in.) thick.
3.1.27 desiccant air dryer—a device filled with crystals, 3.1.41 glass surface defects—refer to those defects that are
and is used to remove moisture from a contained environment. on the glass surface, and can be removed by reprocessing or
3.1.28 dielectric discharge—an instantaneous flow of elec- repolishing the glass surface. These defects are scratches, short
trical current from an irradiated glass component to the ground, finish, and stripping.
causing severe damage to the glass, usually in the form of a 3.1.42 gray (Gy)—see absorbed dose.
dendritic fracture (Lichtenberg Figure) or heavy cleavage. 3.1.43 high density concrete—a concrete having a weight of
3.1.29 dose equivalent—represents a quantity used for ra- greater than 2400 kg per cubic meter (150 lb per cubic foot).
diation protection purposes that expresses on a common scale, 3.1.44 hot cell—an isolated shielded room that provides a
the dose from all types of radiation. Dose equivalent is the controlled environment for containing radioactive material and
product of absorbed dose (D), a quality factor that normalizes equipment. The radiation levels within a hot cell are typically
the effects between different radiation types (Q) and other 1 Gy/h (100 rads per hour) or higher.
modifying factors (N). The specialized unit for dose equivalent 3.1.45 hot side—the surface on a radiation shielding win-
is the rem. The quality factors are specified by the International dow that when installed, will be the closest to the radioactive
Commission on Radiological Units and Measurements for sources.
different types of radiation and organ exposures. The SI unit for 3.1.46 inclusions—“small bubbles,” “small black stones,”
dose equivalent is the sievert (Sv), which is equal to 100 rem. and “seeds” that are visible in optical quality glass.
Human exposure is often expressed in terms of microsieverts 3.1.47 inert gas—a type of commercial grade moisture free
(µSv), 1 3 10−6 sieverts, or in terms of millirem (mrem), 1 3 gas, usually argon or nitrogen that is purged into the internal
10−3. 10 µSv is equal to 1 mrem. NCRP-82, ICRU-10b window assembly to displace ambient air.
3.1.30 dose rate—a quantity of absorbed dose received in a 3.1.48 lead packing—lead material in the form of a wool
given unit of time. mesh or sheet material positioned inside a window assembly
3.1.31 dry lead glass window—a radiation shielding win- housing to fill the voids between the edges of the glass slabs
dow that is filled with slabs of lead glass with polished glass and the window housing. The packing is required to provide
surfaces. The assembly may be continuously purged with an shielding equivalence to the glass components within the
inert gas. The glass surfaces within the shielding window window assembly and the hot cell wall, and to eliminate
assembly are normally treated to minimize surface reflection. radiation “shine” paths.

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 C 1572 – 04
3.1.49 light transmission—the measurement of light trans- 3.1.62.4 neutron—neutron radiation results from instability
mitted through a media, and is specified as a ratio of light in the atomic nucleus that may be the result of either radioac-
transmitted through the media as compared to the light tive instability of the nucleus, interaction of the nucleus with
transmitted through air. another particle or energy source. Neutrons have an atomic
3.1.50 master-slave manipulator—a device used to re- mass slightly heavier than a proton, but have no electrical
motely handle radioactively contaminated items, or nuclear charge.
material in a hot cell. The uncontaminated or “clean” portion of 3.1.63 radiation shielding window—for purposes of this
the manipulator is called the “master” and the contaminated standard, is an optically transparent instrument that provides a
portion of the manipulator or follower is called the “slave.” means for viewing into a hot cell, and shields the operator
Mechanical master-slave manipulators are mounted through while performing work. A shielding window is generally
the wall of the hot cell or pass through the ceiling. Powered constructed of an outer metal frame, called a housing and is
manipulators can be electric or hydraulic. The extensions and filled with optically polished lead glass slabs that are secured
fingers of the slave components inside the hot cell duplicate the within the housing with lead packing. Most shielding windows
manipulations of the arms and fingers of the operator at the have cover glasses and trim frames on both viewing ends to
cold side face of the cell. seal the window cavity. The shielding windows can be either
3.1.51 millirem (mrem)—see dose equivalent. dry or oil-filled.
3.1.52 NCR—the abbreviation for a Manufacturer’s Non- 3.1.64 radiation streaming—a term used to describe un-
Conformance Report (NCR). This quality assurance report is shielded beams of radiation.
generated when an item does not meet specification, and must 3.1.65 roentgen equivalent man (rem)—see dose equivalent.
state the Manufacturer’s proposed course of action, and how
3.1.66 shielding oil—an optical grade mineral oil used to fill
the solution deviates from the contract.
the voids between the glass slabs, and couple the glass surfaces
3.1.53 neutron—see radiation. in an oil-filled lead glass shielding window assembly. The oil
3.1.54 non-browning glass—a glass type that resists discol- also provides minor gamma and neutron shielding.
oration due to high radiation exposure.
3.1.67 shielding plug—a device constructed similar to that
3.1.55 normal concrete—a concrete mixture that has a of a radiation shielding window, except that is has no visual
weight of between 2250 and 2400 kg per cubic meter (140 to capabilities for viewing into the hot cell. It is used only to plug
150 lb per cubic foot). the hole where a radiation shield window normally is installed.
3.1.56 normal view angle—the angle of view the operator A shielding plug allows the Owner-Operator to move and
can see into the hot cell, when looking through the shielding interchange shielding windows to other locations. It is an
window at the operator’s eye level at a given distance from the effective tool in reducing operating and maintenance costs of a
cold side cover glass. hot cell.
3.1.57 oil expansion tank—a stainless steel (preferred), or 3.1.68 shine—see radiation streaming.
glass tank attached to the cold side hot cell wall, which allows
3.1.69 short finish—the small microscopic pits, normally
for volumetric changes of the oil within the window due to
found in the outer edges or corners on the surface of a polished
temperature changes. The oil supply in the window is con-
plate or slab of glass. The pits do not affect the optical visibility
nected to the expansion tank.
through the glass.
3.1.58 oil-filled lead glass window—a lead glass radiation
shielding window filled with an optical grade shielding oil. 3.1.70 sievert—see dose equivalent.
3.1.59 polished glass surface—a glass surface that has been 3.1.71 stepped window—a stepped shielding window is one
polished and has minimal visual defects such as scratches and that has one or more steps at its perimeter, and provides an
short finish. interruption in the potential radiation shine path from the hot
3.1.60 roentgen (R)—see exposure. side to the cold side of the window.
3.1.61 radiation absorbed dose (rad)—see absorbed dose. 3.1.72 source—the radioactive material inside the hot cell.
The source emits radiation energy, which requires shielding to
3.1.62 radiation—for purposes of this standard, is defined
protect personnel.
as the emission that occurs when a nucleus undergoes radio-
active decay. The emitted radiations may include alpha and 3.1.73 streaming—see radiation streaming.
beta particles, gamma rays, and neutrons. E 170 3.1.74 striae—transparent lines appearing as though threads
3.1.62.1 alpha—alpha radiation is an alpha particle com- of glass have been incorporated into the glass sheet.
posed of two protons and two neutrons with a positive charge 3.1.75 stripping—a streaking appearance on a polished
of plus two. (It is the same as a helium atom with no electrons.) glass surface with no measurable depth indicating a loss of
3.1.62.2 beta—beta radiation is an electron that was gener- polish without glass removal.
ated in the atomic nucleus during decay and has a negative 3.1.76 trim frame—a steel frame with a drilled hole pattern.
charge of one. Its function is to mechanically fasten a cover glass to a window
3.1.62.3 gamma—gamma radiation is high energy, short housing.
wavelength electromagnetic radiation and normally accompa- 3.1.77 trim frame assembly—consists of steel frames, gas-
nies the other forms of particle emissions during radioactive kets and a glass plate (cover glass), assembled together to form
decay. Gamma radiation has no electrical charge. a see through cover glass. The assembly is mechanically

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 C 1572 – 04
fastened to the cold side or hot side of a window housing to Considerations in making the determination should be based on
provide a gas tight containment for the shielding window viewing, seismic, neutron shielding, clarity, and maintenance
assembly. requirements.
3.1.78 viewing angle—the term used to describe the widen- 6.1.1.2 Materials of construction on the hot side shall be
ing view from the eyeball, when looking through a shielding radiation resistant, resistant to the hot cell environment, easily
window into a hot cell. decontaminated, and compatible with other materials with
3.1.79 view port—a small shielding window that is usually which they are in contact.
positioned in a cask, wall or other shielded structure, and is 6.1.1.3 The radiation shielding components shall be de-
utilized for the express purpose of viewing a small area where signed to provide the required radiation shielding, hot side
a gauge, meter, valve, etc. might be located. contamination containment, and viewing capability within the
3.1.80 WG—the abbreviation for “water gauge.” It is the shielded hot cells.
pressure differential, equal to the pressure exerted by a column 6.1.2 Configuration:
of water of the specified height. 6.1.2.1 The shielding window components shall be designed
3.1.81 wall liner embedment—a metal structure, which is as cold side load, or hot side load, with single or multiple steps.
embedded in the hot cell wall. The radiation shielding window A cold side load window with a single step is the preferred
fits into the wall liner. method.
3.1.82 window cavity—the space inside the window hous- 6.1.2.2 If the manufacturer elects to provide multiple
ing that contains the glass slabs and lead packing. stepped window components, he shall demonstrate to the
3.1.83 window housing—the outer metal structure of the Owner-Operator prior to fabrication release that the windows
shielding window. It fits into the wall liner embedment. can be installed, extracted, and re-installed from the cold side
3.1.84 window interchangeability—the ability to remove a with the barrier shield secured in place on the wall liner
shielding window of the same size from one embedment wall embedment.
liner, and move and install it into another embedment wall liner 6.1.3 Radiation Environment and Shielding:
of the same size. 6.1.3.1 Attenuation:
(1) Each radiation shielding window shall provide adequate
4. Significance and Use radiation shielding for the radiation source in the respective
4.1 Radiation Shielding Window Components: cell.
4.1.1 Radiation shielding window components operability (2) The Owner-Operator shall specify the source in terms
and long-term integrity are concerns that originate during the of the specific isotopes, activity, its dose rate, its geometry, and
design, and fabrication sequences. Such concerns can only be its distance from the hot side of the window. Refer to Annex
addressed, or are most efficiently addressed during one or the A1.
other of these stages. The operability and integrity can be (3) The Owner-Operator shall specify the radiation level at
compromised during handling and installation sequences. For the cold side of the window; for example, 2.5 µSv/h (0.25
this reason, the subject equipment should be handled and mrem/h) at a distance of 150 mm (6 in.) from the surface of the
installed under closely controlled and supervised conditions. cold side cover glass. It is recommended that the attenuation of
4.1.2 This standard is intended as a supplement to other the window match the attenuation of the hot cell wall.
standards, and to federal and state regulations, codes, and 6.1.3.2 Build-Up Factor:
criteria applicable to the design of radiation shielding window (1) Unless otherwise specified by the Owner-Operator, the
components. window shall be designed to accommodate the radiation
build-up factor. Build-up Factor in shielding calculations, takes
5. Quality Assurance and Quality Requirements account of scattered radiation. Most shielding calculations are
based on highly collimated photon sources, but normally, the
5.1 Quality Assurance (QA): source is only broadly collimated or uncollimated.
5.1.1 The Manufacturer should administer a quality assur- (2) Radiation scattered from elsewhere in the shield will
ance program acceptable to the Owner-Operator. QA programs reach a particular dose point under consideration. In general,
may be required to comply with 10 CFR830 Subpart A, build-up factor increases with shield thickness and is higher for
ANSI/ASME NQA-1, or ANSI/ISO/ASQ 9001. low atomic number materials.
5.1.2 The Owner-Operator should require appropriate qual- 6.1.3.3 Radiation Streaming:
ity assurance of purchased radiation shielding window compo- (1) Shielding shall be provided along any possible radiation
nents to assure proper fit up, operation and reliability of the path through the window penetration and the wall liner.
components when they are installed in the hot cell.
(2) Installation of shielding materials into the gaps between
the window housing, and the wall liner (with the exception of
6. Design Requirements
metal spacers) should not be permitted for new design and
6.1 General Requirements: build windows, to meet the dose rate requirement at the cold
6.1.1 Application: side of the window. This requirement is to eliminate the
6.1.1.1 The Owner-Operator shall specify whether the ra- potential for mixed hazardous waste such as contaminated lead
diation shielding window shall be dry lead glass or oil filled packing that may be removed from the opening between the
lead glass, based on the application needs and his preference. window and wall liner.

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 C 1572 – 04
6.1.4 Light Transmission: 6.2.1.1 The wall liners shall be of a single or multi-step
6.1.4.1 The minimum initial light transmission specified by construction, to prevent radiation streaming. The wall liners
the Owner-Operator for each type window shall be measured at shall be designed to provide the necessary shielding to com-
a wavelength of 589 nanometers. Refer to A2.1 Sample Data pensate for the gap between the window housing and the wall
Sheet. liner. Refer to Annex A3, Figs. A3.1 and A3.2, for sketches of
6.1.5 Dimensions: the shielding window configurations.
6.1.5.1 The minimum dimensions of the clear view and the 6.2.2 Structure:
maximum dimensions of the barrier shield assemblies shall be 6.2.2.1 The wall liners shall be constructed of carbon steel
as specified by the Owner-Operator on the data sheet for each or stainless steel weldments, or iron or stainless steel castings.
type of window. It is recommended that the hot side of the wall liners,
6.1.5.2 The centerline viewing height of clear view (eye especially where there are corrosive environments, be con-
position above cold side floor), the offset viewing height (eye structed of stainless steel weldments or stainless steel castings.
position above cold side floor), the offset viewing distance Porous castings that may trap contamination shall not be
from clear view centerline, and the viewing distance (distance permitted.
from eyeball to glass) shall be specified by the Owner-Operator 6.2.2.2 Castings shall be inspected for surface defects and
on the data sheet for each type of window. porosity after machining. Castings shall also be inspected for
6.1.5.3 The hot side of the barrier shield cover glass should internal voids by ultrasonic or x-ray testing. These inspections
be designed to eliminate master-slave manipulator interfer- verify surface and internal casting quality, which assures
ence. Refer to Annex A3, Fig. A3.8. structural soundness, radiological containment and adequate
6.1.6 Wall Thickness, Density and Material: shielding.
6.1.6.1 The Owner-Operator shall specify the wall thick- 6.2.2.3 When the wall liners are to be flared out to the hot
ness, density and material. Refer to Annex A2. side to accommodate extreme viewing angles, the designer
6.1.7 Viewing Angles: must ensure that attenuation provided by the wall is not
6.1.7.1 The Owner-Operator shall specify the minimum compromised.
viewing angles as described in Annex A3, Figs. A3.3-A3.5, and 6.2.3 Sealing System:
on the Annex A2 Data Sheet. 6.2.3.1 The wall liners shall be designed to have a primary,
6.1.7.2 Annex A3, Figs. A3.3-A3.5, shows typical calcu- and secondary containment seal.
lated centerline and offset viewing angle geometry in horizon- (1) The primary containment seal shall be at the hot side of
tal and vertical sections respectively. the wall liner and shall be accomplished by sealing the barrier
6.1.8 Physical Conditions: shield assembly to a machined surface of the hot side face of
6.1.8.1 The Owner-Operator shall provide the necessary the wall liner.
information regarding the design and operating requirements (2) The secondary containment seal shall be at the cold
for the cold side and hot side of the window. Refer to Annex side, or at the most cold side step of the wall liner, and shall be
A1-Annex A3. accomplished by sealing the window assembly to a machined
6.1.9 Seismic Requirements: surface at the cold side, or most cold side step of the wall liner.
6.1.9.1 The Owner-Operator shall provide seismic require- (3) The design shall be such that a gas-tight seal is formed
ments for designing the shielding window components as in the cavity between the barrier shield and the window
determined by the American Concrete Institute C-31 Seismic assembly when the shielding window assembly is inserted into
Requirements, the International Building Code Section 2314— the wall liner. Refer to Annex A3, Fig. A3.6 and Fig. A3.8, for
Earthquake Regulations, or other seismic codes specific to the sketches of trim frame configurations and stepped wall liner
Owner-Operator’s facility. configuration.
6.1.9.2 The shielding window components shall withstand 6.2.4 Gas Purge:
seismic and other concurrent loads, while maintaining contain- 6.2.4.1 An inert gas purge line, and a gas vent line should be
ment and shielding during the event. Viewing functionality of provided at the cold side wall liner face to supply and exhaust
the shielding windows during and after the event is not inert gas to and from the cavity between the barrier shield and
required, but shielding and containment must be maintained. window assembly.
6.1.9.3 Seismic qualification of the shielding window com- 6.2.4.2 Consideration shall be given not to exhaust contami-
ponents shall be by analysis unless otherwise specified by the nation to the cold side, should the primary barrier shield seal
Owner-Operator. malfunction. All seal welds shall be continuous so that the liner
6.1.9.4 Friction, where not purposely designed (AISC fric- and flanges will provide an inert gas tight seal.
tion type connection) shall not be relied upon as a resisting 6.2.5 Gaps—Liner to Housing:
force during seismic events. Shielding window assemblies 6.2.5.1 The interface between the wall liner and the shield-
must be mechanically restrained to the wall. ing window assembly shall be designed to provide a gap at the
6.1.10 Design Life: top and sides to allow centering the shielding window in the
6.1.10.1 The design life and radiological duty cycle of the wall liner cavity. The gap is to provide for window inter-
windows shall be specified by the Owner-Operator. changeability.
6.2 Wall Liner Embedments: 6.2.5.2 A gap shall be provided between the window and the
6.2.1 Design: wall liner at the bottom. The inside bottom surface of the wall

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 C 1572 – 04
liner shall be designed to mate with the skids and/or rollers on 6.3.3.1 The window housing shall be designed with a
the shielding window assembly. machined surface to provide a secondary containment seal at
6.2.6 Concrete Anchors: the cold side of the wall liner, or at the most cold side step of
6.2.6.1 Where required, the embedded wall liners shall have the wall liner.
concrete anchors secured to the assembly exterior where the 6.3.3.2 Carbon steel or stainless steel trim frame assemblies
wall liner surfaces are in contact with the concrete wall. with cover glasses and sealing gaskets may be mounted at both
6.2.7 Liner Handling: the hot side and cold side faces of the shielding window
assemblies, forming a gas tight chamber within the window
6.2.7.1 Each wall liner shall have suitable lifting points for
cavities.
handling purposes.
6.3.3.3 The Owner-Operator shall specify the requirement
6.2.8 Temporary Bracing: for a hot side trim frame assembly for a dry lead glass window.
6.2.8.1 The embedded wall liner will also be utilized as a 6.3.3.4 The hot side and cold side surfaces of the window
form for placing concrete when the shielding wall is poured. housings shall be designed to provide a sealing surface for the
6.2.8.2 The Manufacturer shall provide and install internal seal gaskets, and a mounting surface for the trim frame
horizontal and vertical temporary bracing as necessary for the assemblies as required.
embedded wall liners such that the required tolerances are 6.3.3.5 The hot side seal gasket for the hot side cover glass
maintained during shipment and installation. where used, shall be placed between the cold side face of the
6.2.8.3 Any bracing shall be placed such that the vent holes glass and the machined steel face at the hot side of the
shall be accessible during the concrete pour. shielding window assembly.
6.2.8.4 The temporary bracing shall be removed at the time 6.3.3.6 The cold side seal gasket for the cold side cover
when the concrete forms are removed. glass shall be placed similarly.
6.2.9 Vent Holes: 6.3.3.7 The joints of the seal gaskets shall be vulcanized
6.2.9.1 Vent holes shall be cut into the bottom surface of the (not glued), or the gasket shall be cookie cut from a solid sheet
wall liners as required to accommodate the removal of trapped of gasket material. Refer to Annex A3, Fig. A3.6 and Fig. A3.8,
air pockets during the concrete pour. for sketches of trim frame configurations.
6.2.9.2 The vent holes in the wall liners shall be seal welded 6.3.3.8 The compression gaskets shall be located between
closed and liquid dye penetrant examined before window the trim frame clamping flange and the cover glass.
installation. 6.3.4 Roller/Skids:
6.3 Shielding Window Assemblies: 6.3.4.1 A pair of skids shall be located on the underside of
the shielding window assemblies. The purpose for the skids is
6.3.1 Design:
to assist in the installation and removal of the windows, and
6.3.1.1 The window housings shall be of a single or multi-
also to help properly align the window assemblies within the
step construction to prevent radiation streaming.
wall liners.
6.3.1.2 The window housings shall be designed to provide 6.3.4.2 The skids shall be designed to match the internal
the necessary shielding to compensate for the gap between the bottom surfaces of the wall liners and to insure a perpendicular
window housing and the wall liner. fit-up. Machining of matching surfaces is recommended.
6.3.1.3 Shielding window assemblies of the same size shall 6.3.4.3 An alternative method to using skids is to use rollers
be interchangeable with wall liners of the same size. Window mounted in the external underside of the shielding window
designs (components and sub-assemblies) should be toleranced assemblies.
accordingly for interchangeability. Refer to Annex A3, Figs. 6.3.5 Window Handling:
A3.1 and A3.2, for sketches of the shielding window configu- 6.3.5.1 The windows shall be provided with suitable lifting
rations. points.
6.3.2 Structure: 6.3.5.2 A suitable attachment method for extracting and
6.3.2.1 The shielding windows shall be dry lead glass, or installing the windows shall be provided.
oil-filled lead glass. 6.3.6 Shielding Glass:
6.3.2.2 The shielding window housings shall be constructed 6.3.6.1 Polished glass slabs shall be installed into the
of carbon steel or stainless steel weldments, or iron or stainless window housings and secured to the interior sides of the
steel castings. It is recommended that the hot side of the window housings with lead packing or other suitable shielding
windows, where exposed to corrosive environments be con- material.
structed of stainless steel weldments or stainless steel castings. 6.3.6.2 The window assemblies shall provide the desired
6.3.2.3 Porous castings that may trap contamination shall shielding while maintaining optical clarity.
not be permitted. Castings shall be inspected for surface 6.3.6.3 The glass slabs shall be secured within the window
defects and porosity after machining. Castings shall also be housings in a manner as to prevent loss of shielding during a
inspected for internal voids by ultrasonic or x-ray testing. seismic event.
These inspections verify surface and internal casting quality, 6.3.7 Cover Glasses:
which assures structural soundness, radiological containment 6.3.7.1 The hot side cover glass, where installed, shall
and adequate shielding. provide as a minimum 25 % greater allowable surface pressure
6.3.3 Sealing Systems: than the cold side cover glass. The purpose for this requirement

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 C 1572 – 04
is to assure the cold side cover glass ruptures first in the event 6.3.9.7 Where an inert gas system is unavailable or imprac-
of over-pressurization of the shielding window assembly. tical, the top of the air dryer shall be sealed with an expandable
6.3.7.2 During purging and oil changing, a polycarbonate bellows to seal the window cavity from the ambient air and still
panel should be installed over the external surface of the cold allow for expansion of the inert gas or shielding oil.
side cover glass and mounted to the trim frame. This panel 6.3.10 Oil Expansion Tank:
shall serve as a safety shield in case the cold side cover glass 6.3.10.1 An oil expansion tank shall be provided for each
ruptures. oil-filled shielding window assembly. The oil expansion tank
6.3.8 Purge Systems: shall be mounted at the Manufacturer’s recommended height
6.3.8.1 Design: above the top of the cold side cover glass, and shall be free
(1) Where excessive temperature cycling may be present, it from all interference from other equipment.
is important to keep ambient air and moisture from entering the 6.3.10.2 The expansion tank shall be constructed of stain-
internal window cavity to prevent filming on the internal glass less steel (preferred), or glass, and shall provide adequate
surfaces. expansion for the shielding oil in the window assembly.
(2) Provisions shall be made in the shielding window 6.3.10.3 The expansion tank shall be designed and mounted
assemblies for the free flow of inert gas, or shielding oil in a manner so that no residual oil remains in the tank when the
beneath each internal glass slab, and for the venting of inert tank is drained.
gas, or flow of shielding oil over the top of each internal glass 6.3.10.4 It shall have a bottom connection for feeding oil to
slab during the purging, and/or oil filling and oil draining the window, a top connection for connecting to the inert gas
processes. purge line, and a replaceable sight gauge for visually checking
(3) Passages for inert gas and oil flow shall be designed the oil level in the expansion tank.
with offsets to prevent radiation streaming through the shield- 6.3.10.5 The expansion tank shall be leak tested to the same
ing window. pressure requirements as the window housing.
(4) The shielding window assemblies shall be designed 6.3.11 Seismic Restraints:
such that they may be filled, drained, gas purged and vented 6.3.11.1 Seismic restraints shall be bolted to the cold side
from the cold side, without removal of the shielding window face of each wall liner to secure each shielding window
assemblies from the wall liners. assembly in position.
(5) There shall be no residual oil trapped at the bottom of
6.3.12 Installation/Removal:
the shielding window assemblies when the oil is drained, and
6.3.12.1 The shielding window assemblies are typically
there shall be no air pockets trapped at the top of the shielding
moved with the use of a lift truck, bridge crane or boom crane.
window assemblies when the shielding windows are filled with
oil. 6.3.12.2 The window assemblies shall be installed with the
(6) The oil fill and drain system should be designed such use of an installation/extraction table, or other suitable device.
that the entire shielding window assembly can be filled or 6.3.12.3 The insulated multi-strand copper grounding strap
drained in approximately one hour. This recommendation is to must be fastened to the cold side face of the window assembly,
eliminate potential stain lines on the glass surfaces due to and connected to the building ground system during installa-
interruption of oil flow. tion. A continuity check shall be made between the shielding
6.3.9 Components: window and the building ground upon completion of the
6.3.9.1 All fittings and valves shall be stainless steel. No installation to ensure proper grounding.
fluoropolymer resin packing shall be allowed in the valves, or 6.4 Shielding Plugs:
used as a thread sealant on the threaded fittings. 6.4.1 Design:
6.3.9.2 A desiccant air dryer assembly shall be mounted 6.4.1.1 The shielding plugs shall have the same external
above each shielding window and connected to the window configuration as the shielding windows and shall be of a single
ventilation system (both inside the window, and between the or multi-step construction to prevent radiation streaming.
window and wall liner cavity), and also to the inert gas purge 6.4.1.2 The shielding plugs shall be designed to provide the
system. On an oil window, the desiccant air dryer shall be necessary shielding to compensate for the gap between the
located above the oil expansion tank. shielding plug and the wall liner.
6.3.9.3 The inert gas purge system shall have a pressure 6.4.1.3 Shielding plugs of the same size shall be inter-
reduction valve, and a pressure relief valve, or bubbler system changeable as though they were shielding windows fitting into
to reduce the inert gas pressure on the windows to a maximum wall liners of the same size. Shielding plug designs (compo-
of 1.7 kPa (0.25 psi). nents and sub-assemblies) should be toleranced accordingly for
6.3.9.4 There shall be a valve in line above the desiccant air interchangeability. Refer to Annex A3, Figs. A3.1 and A3.2, for
dryer assembly to shut off the supply of the inert gas when sketches of the shielding window configurations.
changing out the air dryer crystal cartridge. 6.4.2 Structure:
6.3.9.5 The air dryer shall be easily accessible for change 6.4.2.1 The shielding plugs shall be constructed of carbon
out of the air dryer cartridge. steel or stainless steel weldments, or iron or stainless steel
6.3.9.6 There shall also be a valve mounted on the lower castings. It is recommended that the hot side of the plugs,
cold side face of the shielding window assembly for draining where exposed to corrosive environments be constructed of
oil from the window, or for purging and venting the window. stainless steel weldments or stainless steel castings.

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6.4.2.2 Porous castings that may trap contamination shall 6.5.2.3 Porous castings that may trap contamination shall
not be permitted. Castings shall be inspected for surface not be permitted. Castings shall be inspected for surface
defects and porosity after machining. Castings shall also be defects and porosity after machining. Castings shall also be
inspected for internal voids by ultrasonic or x-ray testing. inspected for internal voids by ultrasonic or x-ray testing.
These inspections verify surface and internal casting quality, These inspections verify surface and internal casting quality,
which assures structural soundness, radiological containment which assures structural soundness, radiological containment
and adequate shielding. and adequate shielding.
6.4.3 Sealing System: 6.5.3 Barrier Shield Glass and Assemblies:
6.4.3.1 The shielding plug shall be designed with a ma- 6.5.3.1 The barrier shield glass shall provide as a minimum
chined surface to provide a secondary containment seal at the 25 % greater allowable surface pressure than the cold side
cold side of the wall liner, or the most cold side step of the wall cover glass.
liner. 6.5.3.2 The barrier shield assembly shall provide mechani-
6.4.4 Rollers/Skids: cal protection for the shielding window assembly, and shall
6.4.4.1 A pair of skids shall be located on the underside of provide a gas tight buffer seal so that the shielding window
the shielding plugs. The purpose of the skids is to assist in the assembly can be removed from the wall liner without breach-
installation and removal of the windows, and also to help ing the containment boundary.
properly align the shield plugs within the wall liners. 6.5.4 Hot Side Window Guard:
6.4.4.2 The skids shall be designed to match the internal 6.5.4.1 Where appropriate for safety protection, consider-
bottom surfaces of the wall liners and to insure a perpendicular ation should be given to the installation of a removable metal
fit-up. Machining of matching surfaces is recommended. grid, polycarbonate sheet, or other suitable guard at the very
6.4.4.3 An alternative method to using skids, is to use rollers hot side of the barrier shield.
mounted in the external underside of the shielding plugs. 6.5.5 Sealing System:
6.4.5 Shielding Plug Handling: 6.5.5.1 The barrier shield assembly shall have a buffer seal
6.4.5.1 The shielding plugs shall be provided with suitable gasket, which seals the barrier shield assembly to the wall liner
lifting points. A suitable attachment method for extracting and flange.
installing the windows shall be provided.
6.5.6 Installation/Removal:
6.4.6 Seismic Restraints:
6.5.6.1 For remote operations, the barrier shield shall be
6.4.6.1 Seismic restraints shall be bolted to the cold side capable of being removed and replaced remotely from the hot
face of each wall liner to secure each shielding plug in position. side of the window assembly.
6.4.7 Installation/Removal: 6.6 View Ports:
6.4.7.1 The shielding plugs are typically moved with the use 6.6.1 Design:
of a lift truck, bridge crane or boom crane. The shielding plugs
shall be installed with the use of an installation/extraction 6.6.1.1 The view port housings shall be of a single or
table, or other suitable device. The insulated multi-strand multi-step construction to prevent radiation streaming.
copper grounding strap must be fastened to the cold side face 6.6.1.2 The view port housings shall be designed to provide
of the shielding plug, and connected to the building ground the necessary shielding to compensate for the gap between the
system during installation. A continuity check shall be made view port housing and the wall liner.
between the shielding plug and the building ground upon 6.6.1.3 View port assemblies of the same size shall be
completion of the installation to ensure proper grounding. interchangeable with wall liners of the same size. View port
6.5 Barrier Shield Assemblies: designs (components and sub-assemblies) should be toleranced
6.5.1 Design: accordingly for interchangeability.
6.5.1.1 The barrier shield frame shall be of a size sufficient 6.6.2 Structure:
to carry the weights of itself, the barrier shield glass, and the 6.6.2.1 The view ports shall be dry lead glass.
other components that make up the barrier shield, with minimal 6.6.2.2 The view port housings shall be constructed of
deformation. Refer to Annex A3, Figs. A3.7 and A3.8, for carbon steel or stainless steel weldments, or iron or stainless
sketches of the barrier shield configurations. steel castings. It is recommended that the hot side of the view
6.5.2 Structure: ports, where exposed to corrosive environments be constructed
6.5.2.1 Consideration shall be given to the hot cell environ- of stainless steel weldments or stainless steel castings.
ment, ability to decontaminate, and compatibility with other 6.6.2.3 Porous castings that may trap contamination shall
materials in which they are in contact, when selecting materials not be permitted. Castings shall be inspected for surface
of construction. defects and porosity after machining. Castings shall also be
6.5.2.2 The barrier shield frames shall be constructed of inspected for internal voids by ultrasonic or x-ray testing.
fabricated carbon steel or stainless steel weldments or iron or These inspections verify surface and internal casting quality,
stainless steel castings. It is recommended the barrier shield which assures structural soundness, radiological containment
frames, where exposed to corrosive environments be con- and adequate shielding.
structed of stainless steel weldments or stainless steel castings. 6.6.3 Sealing System:

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6.6.3.1 The view port housing shall be designed with a 6.7.5.1 The load testing of the table/device provides reason-
machined surface to provide a secondary containment seal at able assurance that the table/device will function properly
the cold side of the wall liner, or at the most cold side step of when installing the window components.
the wall liner. 6.7.5.2 The table/device shall be tested for performance to
6.6.3.2 Carbon steel or stainless steel trim frame assemblies, demonstrate satisfactory operation, and functional design un-
or corner clips may be used to secure cover glasses and sealing der operating conditions. Refer to 10.8.
gaskets at both the hot side and cold side faces of the view port 6.7.6 Table/Device Handling:
assemblies. 6.7.6.1 The table/device shall have suitable lifting points for
6.6.4 View Port Handling: handling purposes.
6.6.4.1 The view ports shall be provided with suitable lifting 6.7.6.2 The Owner-Operator shall specify the requirement
points. for wheels, rollers, and special equipment required to move the
6.6.4.2 A suitable attachment method for extracting and table/device under load. The designer shall confer with the
installing the view ports shall be provided. Owner-Operator regarding proper floor loading.
6.6.5 Cover Glasses:
6.6.5.1 Cover glasses may be bonded or laminated to the 7. Material Requirements
shielding glass in a view port assembly. 7.1 Glass:
6.6.6 Seismic Restraints: 7.1.1 Shielding glass shall comply with the requirements as
6.6.6.1 Seismic restraints shall be bolted to the cold side set out in Atomic Energy Standard Specification AESS (R)
face of each wall liner to secure each view port assembly in 44/70000/6. It is important that the glass slabs and cover
position. glasses are of the best quality, and that there are no visual
6.6.7 Installation/Removal: defects in the central viewing area that are detrimental to the
6.6.7.1 The view port assemblies are typically moved with operator performing his work through the window or view
the use of a lift truck, bridge crane or boom crane. port.
6.6.7.2 The view port assemblies shall be installed with the 7.1.1.1 Inclusions (Bubbles, Stones, Seeds):
use of an installation/extraction table, or other suitable device. (1) The glass provided shall be free of significant defects.
6.6.7.3 The insulated multi-strand copper grounding strap (2) Any inclusion, which is within the size limitation
must be fastened to the cold side face of the view port specified, will individually not be considered to be a significant
assembly, and connected to the building ground system during defect, but where more than an allowable number of inclusions
installation. A continuity check shall be made between the view are present, and then collectively they will represent a signifi-
port and the building ground upon completion of the installa- cant defect.
tion to ensure proper grounding. (3) Permissible inclusions are specified in Table 1.
6.7 Installation/Extraction Table/Device: 7.1.1.2 Striae:
6.7.1 Design: (1) All glass shall meet AESS (R) 44/70000/6 specifica-
6.7.1.1 The installation/extraction table/device, or other tions for optical glass with respect to striae.
suitable equipment shall be designed to perform installation 7.1.1.3 Surface Finish:
and removal of the shielding windows, shielding plugs, and (1) The surface finish in the central area of the optical faces
view ports into or out of the wall liner openings from the cold shall be free of defects other than light short finish. Optical
side of the hot cell. faces of glass plates or slabs that are for gasket sealing surfaces
6.7.2 Structure: shall be flat to accommodate a seal. The edge surfaces of glass
6.7.2.1 The table/device shall be constructed of fabricated slabs shall be dull and nonreflecting, equivalent to a surface
carbon steel or stainless steel for ease of decontamination. Cast produced by acid etching, sawing, or sand blasting.
iron or cast stainless steel shall not be used in any weight 7.1.1.4 Surface Defects:
bearing member. (1) Chips and checks which do not extend into the glass
6.7.2.2 The table/device shall be designed to safely raise a more than two percent of the nominal width or length dimen-
load of 1.5 times the actual load being raised to the desired sions shall be permitted on edge surfaces which will not be
height for installation or removal. gasketed, provided they do not exceed 25 mm (1 in.) and are
6.7.3 Overturning: neatly ground so that no cracks can originate at such defects.
6.7.3.1 The design shall include features that permit attach-
ing the table/devise to the wall liner to eliminate movement,
and or overturning during the installation or removal process of TABLE 1 Permissible Inclusions
the shielding windows, shielding plugs, or view ports. Inclusion Size Number of Inclusions Allowed
6.7.4 Special Tools:
mm in. Central Viewing Area Outer Viewing Area
6.7.4.1 The table/device shall include all special tools such
<0.25 (<0.01) Allow up to 5 in any one 25 mm Ignore
as come-a-longs, chains, steel cables, grounding cables, jacks, (1 in.) dia. area only
levels, shackles, threaded rods, special fasteners, etc., to 0.25–0.75 (0.01–0.03) 100 (min separation 25 mm) (1 in.) Ignore
perform the installation or removal of the shielding windows, 0.75–1.0 (0.03–0.04) 10 (min separation 100 mm) (4 in.) 20
1.0–1.5 (0.04–0.06) 2 5
shielding plugs, or view ports. >1.5 (>0.06) None None
6.7.5 Testing:

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(2) For gasketed glass slabs, edge chips and cracks that are TABLE 3 Plate and Slab Side Length or Diameter Dimensional
neatly ground out, and do not extend into the polished area Tolerances
used for gasket seating, shall be permitted. Maximum Side Length or Length, Width, and Diameter
7.1.1.5 Dielectric Discharge Resistance: Diameter Dimension mm in.
(1) Hot side cover glasses and barrier shield glasses Up to 400 mm (16 in.) dimension +0, -4 (+0, -0.16)
subjected to very high radiation shall be constructed of a glass 400 mm (16 in.) to 600 mm (24 in.) dimension +0, -5 (+0, -0.20)
Over 600 mm (24 in.) dimension +0, -6 (+0, -0.24)
composition which, when irradiated to 1 3 107 Gy (1 3 109
rads) (accumulated dose) shall not electrically discharge. NOTE—The faces of all slabs and plates shall be parallel within the
7.1.1.6 Browning: limits defined by the geometrical tolerances.
(1) The shielding windows shall be designed so that the
glass components shall not prematurely brown when exposed TABLE 4 Bevel Dimensional Tolerances
to the accumulated design life dosage at that location. Beveled Width
(2) Cerium-stabilized glass shall be utilized in an appro- Bevels
mm in.
priate manner to eliminate browning.
The edges of all glass shall be beveled at 45° 3.0 6 1.0 (0.12 6 0.04)
(3) Internal glass shielding slabs shall not be bonded or to reduce the risk of edge damage
laminated where exposed to radiation in excess of 1 kGy (1 3
105 rads) (accumulated dose).
7.1.1.7 Glass Compatibility:
(1) Bonded or laminated glass slabs shall not be used in 7.3 Gasket Material:
windows filled with shielding oil. 7.3.1 The gasket material for the shielding window and
7.1.1.8 Dimensional and Geometrical Tolerance: view port assemblies shall be suitable for the designed high
(1) The dimensional and geometrical tolerances for plates radiation environment, and shall have proven compatibility
and glass slabs shall be as specified in Tables 2-4. with internal window materials.
7.1.1.9 Traceability:
7.4 Shielding Oil:
(1) Each glass slab or glass plate shall have a unique
7.4.1 The shielding oil shall be an optically clear mineral
identification number. The number shall be permanently
oil; modified, purged and tested. Failure to properly test the
marked on the glass as agreed with the Owner-Operator,
shielding oil may allow unwanted moisture to enter the
typically on the lower right hand edge. The Manufacturer shall
window cavity. Moisture may deposit on the glass surfaces,
maintain full traceability.
and cause the glass surfaces to fog, and allow the window to
7.1.1.10 Anti-Reflection Treatment:
become opaque. The shielding oil shall meet the following
(1) Glass surfaces on a dry lead glass window may be
specifications.
anti-reflective treated to meet light transmission requirements.
7.4.1.1 Peroxide number (H2O2 content) shall be < 0.1 parts
On an oil-filled lead glass window, no internal glass surfaces
per million (ppm). The test method shall be as specified by the
need be treated. Only the hot side surface of the hot side cover
Owner-Operator.
glass, and the cold side surface of the barrier glass may be
7.4.1.2 Water content as determined by Test Method D 1533
treated. The general surface appearance of each slab or cover
shall be < 10 parts per million (ppm).
glass so treated shall be uniform when viewed along a line of
sight perpendicular to the optical surfaces. The light transmis- 7.4.1.3 Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) for the shield-
sion of each slab or cover glass so treated shall be recorded ing oil shall be submitted to the Owner-Operator.
after the treatment. The method of anti-reflective treatment and 7.5 Paints and Coatings of Metal Surfaces:
the results of the treatment shall be noted on the inspection 7.5.1 The carbon steel or cast iron surfaces of the wall liner
certificate. embedments, window housings (including any glass band
7.2 Steel/Castings: frames contained within the window), shielding plugs, barrier
7.2.1 All metal materials in the wall liner embedments, shield assemblies, and view ports shall be cleaned and sand-
window housings, shielding plugs, barrier shield assemblies, blasted of rust and scale and coated with an epoxy compatible
and view ports shall comply with applicable standards refer- with shielding oil, lead glass, lead metal, and the sealing
enced in Section 2, Referenced Documents, and Other Refer- gaskets.
ences. 7.5.1.1 The epoxy shall be suitable for the design dose.
7.5.1.2 Solvent cleaned, sandblasted and painted surfaces
shall comply with the requirements of the Steel Structures
TABLE 2 Plate and Slab Thickness Tolerances Painting Council; Solvent cleaning SSPC-SP1, Commercial
Thickness Sandblast Cleaning SSPC-SP6 and Paint Application Specifi-
Maximum Side Dimensions
mm in. cation SSPC-P1.
Plates +0, -1.5 (+0, -0.06) 7.5.1.3 The surfaces to be embedded in the concrete shall be
Slabs up to 400 mm (16 in.) in length +0, -2 (+0, -0.08) cleaned and sandblasted, but not coated.
Slabs up to 600 mm (24 in.) in length +0, -3 (+0, -0.12)
Slabs over 600 mm (24 in.) in length +0, -4 (+0, -0.16)
7.5.1.4 Stainless steel surfaces shall not be sandblasted, and
must be protected during the sandblasting and coating process.
NOTE—The combined amount of wedge and flatness deviation shall not The stainless steel surfaces shall not be coated.
exceed the thickness tolerance. 7.6 Lead:

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7.6.1 Lead sheet or lead wool used within the window detailed in the Manufacturer’s procedures, and listed on the
assemblies and view ports shall be to Federal Standard Manufacturer’s manufacturing, inspection, and test plan.
QQ-C-40. The material shall be cleaned as necessary for 9.3.3 The glass surfaces shall be cleaned with glass cleaning
satisfactory long-term compatibility with the glass, epoxy materials that will leave no residue on the glass surfaces.
coating, and oil used in the window assemblies and view ports. 9.3.4 Each glass slab or cover glass shall be carefully
inspected prior to insertion into the window housing or view
8. Fabrication port by a window technician, and by a quality assurance glass
8.1 Welding Qualification: inspector. There shall be no smudges, fingerprints, suction cup
8.1.1 The Manufacturer’s drawings shall specify all welds. prints, rough deposits, watermarks, polishing compound, or
Gas-tight seal welds shall be multiple-pass and clearly indi- stains on the viewing surfaces.
cated. Welding and welder qualifications shall be performed in
accordance with ANSI/AWS B2.1, D1.1/D1.1M, and D1.6. 10. Testing and Inspection
8.1.2 Visual Weld Inspectors shall be certified as AWS/ 10.1 Testing, Inspection and Reporting:
CWI. Certified Welding Inspectors (CWI’s) shall comply with 10.1.1 All testing, inspection certification and reporting will
ANSI/AWS D1.1, or D1.6, as applicable, except that eye be the responsibility of the Manufacturer.
examinations shall be performed yearly to comply with NDE 10.2 Wall Liner Embedments:
requirements. 10.2.1 All relevant joints, seals, and surfaces shall be
8.1.3 Nondestructive Test Personnel shall be certified in checked for leakage.
accordance with ASNT-SNT-TC-1A with a Level II, or Level 10.2.2 All seal welds shall be dye penetrant examined prior
III certification for each NDE method used. to coating to verify no leak paths.
8.2 Acceptance Criteria: 10.2.3 The wall liner shall pass a leak test to establish that
8.2.1 Structural welding shall be inspected and accepted the liner is gas tight within the limits herein specified.
using the criteria specified in AWS D1.1/D1.6. 10.2.4 All joints and surfaces shall be checked for leakage
8.2.2 Liquid dye penetrant examination of all welds that are with a calibrated helium leak detector to a rate of less than 1 3
exposed to the in-cell atmosphere shall be accepted in accor- 10-4 cc/s (6.1 3 10-6 cubic inches/s) using helium gas with a
dance with AWS D1.1/D1.6. The method used for dye pen- 300 mm (12 in.) WG pressure differential, with no measurable
etrant testing shall be in accordance with Test Method E 165. decay in the WG column in a one-hour period of time.
8.3 Thermal Stress Relieving: 10.2.5 If an extension of 300 mm (12 in.) or longer is used
8.3.1 Weldments in which carbon steel over 38 mm (1.5 in.) on the tip of the leak rate testing instrument, the extension
thick are joined, shall be thermally stress-relieved prior to final typically reduces the sensitivity by a factor of 10. Where an
machining. Temperatures, times, heating and cooling rates extension must be used, a leak rate of 1 3 10-3 cc/s (6.1 3 10-5
shall be in accordance with AWS D1.1. cubic inches/s) is acceptable.
8.4 Identification: 10.2.6 The requirement for leak testing the window or view
8.4.1 Each wall liner embedment, shielding window hous- port housing and window assembly cavities, and the cavities
ing, view port housing, shielding plug, barrier shield assembly, between the wall liner and shielding window, shielding plug, or
and extraction/installation table/device shall be stamped or view port insures that the window cavities remain filled with
etched with an individual serial number. These numbers shall inert gas, as moisture from the atmosphere may collect and fog
be used by the Manufacturer on all records requiring identifi- the glass surfaces if leakage occurs.
cation of the components. 10.2.7 The liner shall be tested with a pseudo or real barrier
shield assembly and pseudo or real window housing. The
9. Assembly and Workmanship results of the leak test shall be recorded.
9.1 Housing Assembly: 10.3 Window and View Port Housings:
9.1.1 A segregated area, isolated from metal working ma- 10.3.1 Prior to coating, all relevant joints, seals, and sur-
chinery dust, or glass processing dust, shall be used for faces shall be checked for leakage.
assembly of the window components. 10.3.2 All seal welds shall be dye penetrant examined to
9.2 Oil Expansion Tanks: verify no leak paths.
9.2.1 The oil expansion tanks shall be flushed with a 10.3.3 The window and view port housings shall pass a leak
cleaning agent that shall leave no residue, and then blown dry. test identical to that of the wall liner embedments. The results
9.3 Glass Surfaces: of the leak test shall be recorded.
9.3.1 It is extremely important that the glass surfaces be 10.4 Glass Slabs and Glass Plates:
properly cleaned prior to being installed in the window 10.4.1 Each finished glass slab and glass plate shall be
components. Smudges, fingerprints, suction-cup prints, rough inspected, and an individual inspection record shall be pre-
deposits, water-marks, polishing compound, film, stains, and pared with an identification number of the slab or glass plate.
wiping marks that are left on the glass surfaces could become The record shall indicate the condition of any checks, chips,
enhanced under radiation exposure, and may eventually be the striae, inclusions, dimensions and density of the glass.
cause of poor visibility through the shielding window or view 10.4.2 The light transmission of each slab shall also be
port. recorded. If the glass slab or cover glass is to receive
9.3.2 The method for cleaning glass slabs (edge surface low-reflective treatment or etching, the light transmission shall
preparation, as well as optical viewing surfaces) shall be be recorded again after treatment.

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10.5 Shielding Window and View Port Assemblies: after completion of the 20- cycle test. An inspection certificate
10.5.1 After installing the glass, prior to purging and/or shall be prepared for the table/device. The safe working load
filling with oil, the window or view port assembly shall pass a shall be clearly marked on the table/device.
test to verify that the overall leak rate using helium gas is less 10.9 Shielding Oil:
than 1 3 10-4 cc/s (6.1 3 10-6 cubic inches/s). In practice, the 10.9.1 The shielding oil shall be tested and certified for use
smaller helium molecule is able to find leak paths that denser in oil-filled lead glass shielding windows per the requirements
materials, (air, nitrogen or oil) cannot exploit. set out in 7.4. Results of the test shall be recorded.
10.5.2 After the window or view port has been completely 10.10 Radiation Integrity Testing:
assembled, viewing angles shall be tested for compliance to the 10.10.1 The Owner-Operator, after installation of the win-
Owner-Operator requirements. dow components should perform a radiation integrity test on
10.5.3 After the window or view port has been completely each shielding window, view port, and each shielding plug to
assembled, the overall light transmission shall be tested for verify that the window components provide adequate shield-
compliance to the Owner-Operator requirements. ing.
10.5.4 The light transmission, viewing angles and visual 11. Hazard Sources and Failure Modes
appearance of the complete window or view port assembly
shall be recorded. A certificate shall be prepared for the 11.1 Warning:
window or view port assembly recording the measured light 11.1.1 Dielectric Discharge:
transmission, viewing angles, and the serial numbers of the 11.1.1.1 Dielectric discharge of a glass component on a
window or view port housing and all glass components; any shielding window is a very serious hazard. The discharge can
additional glass defects (new chips, etc.); and the results of the occur spontaneously due to dielectric breakdown in the dielec-
leak test. The window or view port assembly transmission tric strength of the material, or it can be initiated by pressure or
multiplied by the transmission of the barrier shield glass shall impact.
be used to determine the overall window or view port trans- 11.1.1.2 When a discharge occurs, a bright flash of light is
mission. emitted, and a loud audible report is produced (sounding like a
shotgun blast). A release of electrical energy of approximately
10.6 Barrier Shield Assemblies:
300 000 volts and 30 000 amps is not uncommon. It can cause
10.6.1 All relevant joints, seals, and surfaces shall be
death or serious injury. It is recommended that all necessary
checked for leakage.
precautions be made in the design of the shielding window to
10.6.2 All seal welds shall be dye penetrant examined to eliminate the risk of a dielectric discharge.
verify no leak paths. 11.1.1.3 It is extremely important that the proper glass
10.6.3 The barrier shield frame assembly shall be tested on components be selected and located in the correct positions
the wall liner flange. The test shall verify the barrier shield to within the shielding window assembly. Grounding the master-
liner fit-up, and the leak-tightness of the production-type slave manipulators and the window assembly will allow the
primary gas-sealing gasket. discharge to dissipate to ground if one should occur.
10.6.4 If glass is not available at this time, a suitable 11.1.1.4 A 20 mm (0.75 in.) thick rubber mat placed on the
polycarbonate or metallic plate may be substituted in lieu of the floor at the cold side front of the window should be adequate
glass. An inspection certificate shall be prepared for the barrier to insulate the window technician from ground.
shield assembly. 11.1.1.5 Strict compliance with procedures is recommended
10.7 Shielding Window/Shielding plug/View Port to Wall when operating hot cell equipment.
Liner Fit-Up: 11.2 Warning:
10.7.1 The shielding windows, shielding plugs, or view 11.2.1 Over-pressurization:
ports shall be fit-up tested in the wall liners. The test shall 11.2.1.1 During installation and servicing, extreme care
verify the leak-tightness, and window, shielding plug, view should be taken to avoid over-pressurizing the window cavity,
port to liner fit-up. An inspection certificate shall be prepared or the cavity between the wall liner and the window housing.
for each assembly. Over-pressurization can cause the cover glass or barrier shield
10.8 Installation/Extraction Table/Device: to rupture.
10.8.1 The table/device shall be tested for performance by 11.2.1.2 Strict compliance with procedures is recommended
the Manufacturer to demonstrate satisfactory operation and when purging the window cavities during installation or when
functional design under operating conditions. A load of 1.5 servicing the shielding windows.
times the weight of the shielding window or shielding plug 11.3 Warning:
(whichever is heavier) shall be used for testing the installation/ 11.3.1 Radiation Exposure:
extraction table/device. 11.3.1.1 Radiation exposure to the window operator is a
10.8.2 If the table/device is to be raised or lowered, the safety concern.
number of cycles for lowering and raising the table/device, and 11.3.1.2 The shielding window components shall be de-
testing of the lifting apparatus shall not be less than 20. signed to properly maintain containment during a seismic event
Additionally, load bearing welds in the table/device and lifting and to attenuate the specified radiation in the hot cell.
apparatus shall be examined by magnetic particle or liquid 11.3.1.3 Seismic, structural and streaming calculations shall
penetrant examination per AWS D1.1. A final magnetic particle be made by the Manufacturer to ascertain proper attenuation
or liquid penetrant surface examination shall be performed and shielding.

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11.4 Warning: TABLE 5 Recommended List of Document Submittals
11.4.1 Contamination: Item Description
Action by
Owner-Operator
11.4.1.1 Contamination containment should be considered
1. Viewing Analysis Approval
in the window design. The shielding window components shall 2. Shielding Analysis Approval
be designed to properly contain radioactive materials within 3. Weld Procedures Approval
the hot cell. 4. Welder Qualification Record Approval
5. Filler Material Control Program Approval
11.4.1.2 Ease of decontamination should be considered in 6. Weld Inspector Qualification Certification Approval
the window component design. This will reduce risk of 7. CMTR’s for filler material Approval
exposure during maintenance/decommissioning. 8. Assembly Drawings Approval
9. As-Built Drawings Approval
11.5 Warning: 10. Acceptance Test Procedures Approval
11.5.1 Overturning of Extraction/Installation Table: 11. Quality Assurance Procedures Approval
12. Shipping Procedures Approval
11.5.1.1 For personal safety, extreme care should be taken 13. Storage, Installation, and Maintenance Manuals Approval
during the installation and removal of shielding windows, 14. Acceptance Test Reports Reference
shielding plugs, or view ports to avoid overturning the extrac- 15. Glass Data Reference
16. Catalog Cuts Reference
tion table/device. 17. Material Information Reference
11.5.1.2 Strict compliance with procedures is recommended 18. Material Samples Approval
19. Relevant NCR’s Approval
when installing or extracting radiation shielding windows, 20. Manufacturing, Inspection and Test Plan Approval
shielding plugs, or view ports. 21. Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) Reference
11.5.1.3 The extraction/installation table/device shall be
tested and certified to safely handle the load of the window
components. 13.2.1 Before crating, all exposed glass surfaces shall be
11.5.1.4 The installation/extraction table/device shall be covered to protect the glass from weathering and to reduce the
secured with bolts to the wall embedment liner to restrict possibility of scratching. The exposed glass surfaces shall be
movement or overturning. further protected from mechanical damage.
11.5.1.5 Bracing shall be installed at the rear of the table/ 13.2.2 Provisions shall be made for expansion of the win-
device to prevent it from backward and upward movement. dow components so they are not over-pressurized during
transport and storage.
12. Procedures and Special Requirements 13.2.3 Each window assembly or window component shall
be suitably packaged.
12.1 Drawings:
13.2.3.1 A vapor barrier, with an enclosed desiccant pack-
12.1.1 The Owner-Operator shall specify the assembly and age shall be wrapped around the window component.
detail drawings, installation instructions and associated draw- 13.2.3.2 The window component shall be secured to the
ings to be provided by the Manufacturer. inside of the shipping crate, and where necessary, insulation
12.1.2 Drawings shall be prepared in accordance with ANSI shall be added to assure temperature changes to the window
Y14, or other standards as specified by the Owner-Operator. component of less than 3°C/h (5°F/h) for applicable shipment
12.1.3 Weld symbols shall be prepared in accordance with and indoor storage for a period to be specified by the
ANSI/AWS A2.4, or other standards specified by the Owner- Owner-Operator.
Operator. 13.2.3.3 It is recommended that a temperature range of 4 to
12.2 Reports and Documentation: 27°C (40 to 80°F) be maintained on all glass bearing window
12.2.1 The Manufacturer shall prepare and submit docu- components during transport and storage.
mentation according to the requirements of the Owner- 13.3 Wall Liner Embedments, Window Assemblies, and
Operator. Quality assurance requirements pertaining to docu- Shielding Plugs:
mentation are specified in Section 5. 13.3.1 The components shall be crated as appropriate and
12.2.2 As a minimum, the Manufacturer shall prepare a shipped in the same attitude in which they will be installed.
manufacturing, inspection, and test plan, an acceptance test 13.4 Barrier Shield:
procedure, a quality assurance procedure, and a shipping 13.4.1 The barrier shield assemblies shall be crated, and
procedure. shipped on edge.
12.3 Document Submittals: 13.5 Installation/Extraction Table/Device:
12.3.1 Table 5 contains a list of recommended document 13.5.1 The installation/extraction table/device and miscella-
submittals to be specified by the Owner-Operator. neous tools shall be crated as appropriate, and separate from
the window components.
13. Packaging, Handling, and Shipping 13.6 Handling and Hoisting:
13.6.1 Shipping crates/skids shall be designed for lifting by
13.1 Responsibility for Delivery: a lift truck, or with an overhead hoist. Each crate/skid shall
13.1.1 Responsibility for delivery of the window compo- have lift points clearly identified.
nents to the Owner-Operator’s facility shall be specified in the 13.7 Transport and Storage:
contract. 13.7.1 All containers or packages shall be clearly labeled to
13.2 Preparation for Shipment: show the purchase order number, weight, part number or name

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 C 1572 – 04
of the part or assembly, the Manufacturer, and the address to schedule the estimated time required to install the shielding
which shipped. The shielding window and barrier shield windows and wall plugs.
containers shall be marked “Fragile—Glass—Handle with 14.1.1.3 Provision shall be made for a crew of shielding
Care.” window technicians and a qualified quality assurance inspector
13.7.2 It is recommended that all glass-bearing assemblies to install the barrier shield, and leak test the cavity between the
be shipped in an enclosed vehicle equipped with air suspension shielding window, the wall liners, and the barrier shields.
ride, with shock recorders (range 2 to 10 g, dependent on 14.1.1.4 Provision shall be made for specialized routine
window design) mounted on the outside and within the maintenance training on the window components at the Owner-
glass-bearing crates. This recommendation is made to mini- Operator’s facility for the hot cell engineers and operators.
mize breakage of the glass, which is the most expensive item 14.1.1.5 Provision shall be made for necessary maintenance
in the shielding window assembly. on the window components at the Owner-Operator’s facility
after the window components are installed. Recommended
14. Installation and Maintenance maintenance items may include re-torquing bolts, changing
14.1 Installation and Maintenance Services: gaskets, taking oil test samples, performing analysis on oil
14.1.1 It is recommended that the Owner-Operator specify samples, changing oil in the oil filled lead glass window
that the following installation and maintenance services be assemblies, changing dryer cartridges in the window purge
provided by the Manufacturer: systems, cleaning glass components, and purging windows.
14.1.1.1 Provision shall be made for installation supervision
of the wall liner embedments. 15. Keywords
14.1.1.2 Provision shall be made for a crew of shielding 15.1 barrier shield; dielectric discharge; dry lead glass
window technicians to install the shielding windows and window; hot cell; installation/extraction table/device; installa-
shielding plugs. They shall use the installation/extraction tion and maintenance; oil-filled lead glass window; shielding
table/device and miscellaneous tools provided to perform the glass; shielding oil; shielding plug; shielding window; view
work. The Manufacturer shall identify on the detailed delivery port; wall liner embedment

ANNEXES

(Mandatory Information)

A1. RADIATION SOURCE SPECTRA AND GEOMETRY

TABLE A1.1 Sample Data

Isotope Activity Distance Source Geometry
GBq Ci mm in.

Co-60 370,000 10,000 914 36 Single Cylinder Source having a radius of 602 mm (23.7 in.), a
Cs-137 37,000 1,000 914 36 length of 2408 mm (94.8 in.), and a Source Density of 2.7g/cc
MIXED FISSION PRODUCTS 18,500 500 914 36 (0.097 lbs/cu in.)
The Cylinder Source is vertical with the midpoint of the cylinder
source located opposite the center of window.

TABLE A1.2 Blank

Isotope Activity Distance Source Geometry
GBq Ci mm in.

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A2. SHIELDING WINDOW REQUIREMENT DATA SHEET

TABLE A2.1 Sample Data

Shielding Window Requirements Units Shielding Window Example Shielding Window Example
Identification No. 1 2
Window Type—Dry Lead Glass or Oil Filled Lead Glass Oil Filled Lead Glass Dry Lead Glass
Hot Side Trim Frame Assembly Required Yes Yes
Initial Light Transmission, Min. 30 % 65 %
Radiation Source Spectra and Geometry Annex A1 Annex A1
Average Distance from Source to Hot Side of Window mm (in) 914 (36) 914 (36)
Yearly Dose, Hot Side Sv (rem) 1.0E+5 (1.0E+7) 5.0 (5.0E+2)
Max Beta Dose to Hot Side Sv/h (rem/h) 10 (1000) 0.0001 (0.01)
Max Allowable Cold Side Dose µSv/h (mrem/h) 2.5 (0.25) 2.5 (0.25)
Minimum Density Inch (density multiplied by inch) (g/cc) 3 inch 110 55
Cell Atmosphere Air Air
Temperature Range Hot Side/Cold Side °C (°F) 15 to 57 (60 to 135) 40 (104)
Pressure Differential Hot Side< Cold Side Pa (in-WG) 250 to 625 (1.0 to 2.5) 250 to 625 (1.0 to 2.5)
Max Force Required to Open Barrier Shield Assembly N (lbf) 90 (20) 90 (20)
Maximum Weight Barrier Shield kg (lbm) 226.8 (500) 226.8 (500)
Design Life yr 20 20
Duty Cycle Continuous Continuous
Hot Cell Wall Material kg/m3 (lb/cu ft) High Density Concrete Normal Density Concrete
3200 (200) 2340 (146)
Dimensions Ref. SketchesA mm (in.)—Typical mm (in.)—Typical
Hot Cell Wall Thickness Fig. A3.1 (J), Fig. A3.2 (J) 1219 (48) 305 (12)
Window Clear View, Minimum
Horizontal 1016 (40) 559 (22)
Vertical 559 (22) 1016 (40)
Barrier Shield Clear View, Maximum
Horizontal 1626 (64) 1118 (44)
Vertical 1118 (44) 1626 (64)
Centerline Viewing Height of Clear View Above Floor Fig. A3.4 (K) 1702 (67) 1702 (67)
Offset Viewing Height Above Floor Fig. A3.5 (M) 1804 (71) 1804 (71)
Offset Viewing Distance from Clear View Centerline Fig. A3.5 (N) 102 (4) 102 (4)
Viewing Distance (Eyeball to Glass) Fig. A3.3 (L), Fig. A3.4 (L), Fig. A3.5 (L) 305 (12) 305 (12)
Viewing Angles Degrees—Typical Degrees—Typical
Horizontal
Normal—Left and Right Fig. A3.3 (A) 36° 30°
Extreme—Left and Right Fig. A3.3 (B) 82° 62°
Centerline Vertical
Normal—Up Fig. A3.4 (C) 24° 40°
Normal—Down Fig. A3.4 (D) 24° 40°
Extreme—Up Fig. A3.4 (E) 56° 82°
Extreme—Down Fig. A3.4 (F) 62° 82°
Offset Vertical
Normal—Up Fig. A3.5 (G) 20° 36°
Normal—Down Fig. A3.5 (H) 28° 44°
A
Letters in parenthesis may be found on the Sketches in Figs. A3.1-A3.5 of Annex A3.

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TABLE A2.2 Blank
Shielding Window Requirements Units Shielding Window Example Shielding Window Example
Identification No. 1 2
Window Type—Dry Lead Glass or Oil Filled Lead Glass
Hot Side Trim Frame Assembly Required
Initial Light Transmission, Min.
Radiation Source Spectra and Geometry
Average Distance from Source to Hot Side of Window mm (in)
Yearly Dose, Hot Side Sv (rem)
Max Beta Dose to Hot Side Sv/h (rem/h)
Max Allowable Cold Side Dose µSv/h (mrem/h)
Minimum Density Inch (density multiplied by inch) (g/cc) 3 inch
Cell Atmosphere
Temperature Range Hot Side/Cold Side °C (°F)
Pressure Differential Hot Side< Cold Side Pa (in-WG)
Max Force Required to Open Barrier Shield Assembly N (lbf)
Maximum Weight Barrier Shield kg (lbm)
Design Life yr
Duty Cycle
Hot Cell Wall Material kg/m3 (lb/cu ft)
Dimensions Ref. SketchesA mm (in.)—Typical mm (in.)—Typical
Hot Cell Wall Thickness Fig. A3.1 (J), Fig. A3.2 (J)
Window Clear View, Minimum
Horizontal
Vertical
Barrier Shield Clear View, Maximum
Horizontal
Vertical
Centerline Viewing Height of Clear View Above Floor Fig. A3.4 (K)
Offset Viewing Height Above Floor Fig. A3.5 (M)
Offset Viewing Distance from Clear View Centerline Fig. A3.5 (N)
Viewing Distance (Eyeball to Glass) Fig. A3.3 (L), Fig. A3.4 (L), Fig. A3.5 (L)
Viewing Angles Degrees—Typical Degrees—Typical
Horizontal
Normal—Left and Right Fig. A3.3 (A)
Extreme—Left and Right Fig. A3.3 (B)
Centerline Vertical
Normal—Up Fig. A3.4 (C)
Normal—Down Fig. A3.4 (D)
Extreme—Up Fig. A3.4 (E)
Extreme—Down Fig. A3.4 (F)
Offset Vertical
Normal—Up Fig. A3.5 (G)
Normal—Down Fig. A3.5 (H)
A
Letters in parenthesis may be found on the Sketches in Figs. A3.1-A3.5 of Annex A3.

A3. GENERAL WINDOW CONFIGURATION SKETCHES

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FIG. A3.1 General Window Configuration—Oil-filled Lead Glass Window

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FIG. A3.2 General Window Configuration—Dry Lead Glass Window

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FIG. A3.3 Typical Shield Window—Viewing Angles in Horizontal Section

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FIG. A3.4 Typical Shield Window—Centerline Viewing Angles in Vertical Section

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FIG. A3.5 Typical Shield Window—Offset Viewing Angles in Vertical Section

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FIG. A3.6 Elastomer Seals Used in Trim Frame to Window and Wall Liner to Window

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FIG. A3.7 Barrier Shield Assembly—Hot Side View with Hinges and Lifting Bail

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FIG. A3.8 Barrier Shield and Hot Side Cover Glass Assemblies—Cross Section View

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 C 1572 – 04

REFERENCES
Documents having applicability to the design, fabrication, inspection, testing, installation and maintenance of dry lead glass
and oil-filled lead windows include the following:

(1) Kalkwarf, C. D. (Hot Cell Services Corp), Tobias, D.A. (Argonne), (13) Rockwell III, T., “Reactor Shielding Design Manual,” McGraw-Hill
“Dielectric Discharge Seminars,” Sponsored by E. I. Dupont de Book Company, Inc., 1956.
Nemours, and Co., November, 1982. (14) Shand, E. B., “Glass Engineering Handbook,” 2nd Edition, McGraw-
(2) Kalkwarf, C. D. (Chem Nuclear Services Inc), “Maintenance and Hill Book Company, 1958, p. 140.
Refurbishment of Oil-Filled Lead Glass Shielding Windows,” Pro- (15) Gross, B. J., “Compton Current and Polarization in Gamma-
ceedings 27th Conference RSTD, November, 1979. Irradiated Dielectrics,” Applied Physics, Vol 36, No. 5, May 1965, p.
(3) Kalkwarf, C. D. (Hot Cell Services Corp), “Modification and Refur- 1635.
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OTHER REFERENCES

1.1 Industry and National Consensus Standards— A 479M Stainless Steel Bars and Shapes
Nationally recognized industry and consensus standards which A 489 Eyebolts for Lifting Purposes
may be applicable in whole or in part to the design, fabrication, A 490 Heat Treated Structural Bolts
installation and maintenance of radiation shielding window A 511 Specification for Stainless Steel Mechanical Tubing
components that are not referenced in this standard, but may be C 1036 Specification for Flat Glass
applicable include the following: D 676 Method for Test of Identification of Rubber by Means
1.1.1 ASTM Standards:2 of a Durometer
A 27 Steel Castings, Carbon for General Applications D 974-58T Neutralization Value
A 36 Structural Steel D 1056 Specification for Flexible Cellular Materials
A 167 Stainless and Heat-Resisting Chromium-Nickel Steel D 1831 Peroxide Number in Petroleum Wax
Plate, Sheet, and Strip D 2000 Specification for Rubber Products
A 240 Heat-Resisting Chromium and Chromium-Nickel E 299 Test Method for Trace Amounts of Peroxides in
Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip for Fusion-Welded Organic Solvents
Unfired Pressure Vessels E 499 Method of Leak Testing using The Mass Spec. Leak
A 269 Seamless and Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel Tub- Detector
ing for General Service F 593 Stainless Steel Bolts, Hex Head Cap Screws and
A 276 Stainless Steel Bars and Shapes Studs

26
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 C 1572 – 04
F 594 Stainless Steel Nuts and Washers MIL-STD-410, NAS-410 Standard for Qualification and
1.1.2 American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC) Stan- Certification of Nondestructive Test Personnel
dard:11 MIL-E-12397B Coating of Optical Glass Surfaces (Anti-
Manual of Steel Construction Reflection)
1.1.3 American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) 1.1.7 Federal Standards (FS):15
Standard:12 CCC-C440E Coating of Glass Optical Surfaces (Anti-
Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Reflection)
1.1.4 American Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT) 1.1.8 Federal Regulations (FR):15
Standard:13 29 CFR1910 Occupational Safety and Health Standards
CP 189 Standard for Qualification and Certification of 10 CFR Part 835 Occupational Radiation Protection
Nondestructive Test Personnel 1.1.9 National Fire Protection Association (NFPA):16
1.1.5 American Welding Society (AWS) Standards:14 NFPA 801 Facilities Handling Radioactive Materials
AWS A2.1 DC Welding Symbols Chart: Desk 1.1.10 American Nuclear Society (ANS):17
AWS A3.0 Standard Welding Terms and Definitions ANS Design Guides for Radioactive Material Handling
AWS B5.17 Specification for the Qualification of Welding Facilities and Equipment
Fabricators ANS Glossary of Terms in Nuclear Science and Technology
AWS D11.2 Guide for Welding Castings (ANS Glossary)
QC-1-88Standard for AWS Certification of Welding Inspec- ANSI/ANS 6.4.2-85 Specification for Radiation Shielding
tors Materials
1.1.6 Military (MIL) Standards:15 1.1.11 Other Standard:
EN 12659 / AFNOR A55E Lead Wool18
11
American Institute of Steel Construction, 101 Park Ave., New York 17, N.Y.
12
American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 3 Park Ave., New York, NY
10016.
13 16
American Society of Nondestructive Testing (ASNT) Standards, PO Box National Fire Protection Agency (NFPA), One Batterymarch Park, Quincy,
28518, 1711 Arlingate Lane, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. MA 02269.
14 17
American Welding Society (AWS) Standards, 550 NW LeJeune Road, Miami, American Nuclear Society, 555 North Kensington Ave., La Grange Park, IL
FL 33126. 60525.
15 18
Available from U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Docu- HIS Engineering / HIS International, 15 Inverness Way East, Englewood, CO,
ments, Mail Stop SSOP, Washington DC 20402-9328. 80112.

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Laurentian University pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.