1.

GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT CERAMIC TILES 3

1.1 Standards and Classification 3
1.2 QUA Granite Tile Description - Terms and Explanations 4
1.2.1 Mass (Body) 4
1.2.2 Engobe 4
1.2.3 Glaze 4
1.3 Change of Color and Pattern (Class V) 5
1.4 Resistance to Surface Scratch and MOHS Hardness Scale 6
1.5 Resistance to Surface Abrasion - PEI Class 7
1.6 Tile Resistant to Slip (Antislip Surface) 8

2. SELECTION OF APPROPRIATE TILE 9

2.1 Recommendations for Selecting Products according to Body Properties 9
2.1.1 Wall Tiles 9
2.1.2 Floor Tiles 9
2.1.3 Glazed Porcelain Tiles 9
2.2 Recommendations for Selecting Products according to Thickness 9
2.2.1 7mm-6.5mm Porcelain Tiles 9
2.2.2 8mm-9mm Porcelain Tiles 9
2.2.3 20mm and 30mm Porcelain Tiles 9
2.3 Recommendations for Selecting Products according to Surface Properties 10
2.3.1 Glossy Glazed and Full Lappato Surface Products 10
2.3.2 Lappato Surface Products 10
2.3.3 Matte-Granular Matt-Protection Matt and Other Special Products 10

3. APPLICATION METHODS AND INFORMATION FOR USE 11

3.1 Safety First 11
3.2 Application Stages 12
3.2.1 Preparation 12
3.2.2 Application and Adhesion on the Ground 17
3.2.3 Instructions and Recommendations for Mounting of 20mm and 30mm Tiles on 21
Elevated Ground
3.2.4 Instructions for Project Engineers and Customers regarding Application of 22
20mm and 30mm Porcelains on Elevated Ground
3.2.5 Pedestal Calculation and Usage Advice in Raised Floor Applications 23

1 PORCELAIN CERAMIC HANDBOOK

 4. CLEANING AND MAINTENANCE DURING AND AFTER 25
APPLICATION
4.1 Cleaning and Maintenance for Porcelain Surfaces After Application 25
4.2 Maintenance of Products with Matte - Antislip and Rough Surfaces 25

5. CLEANING AND MAINTENANCE IN ROUTINE USE - 26

PREVENTION OF DIRTS AND SCRATCHES
5.1 General Maintenance of Porcelain Tile Products with Matte and Polished 26
Surface
5.2 Maintenance of Metallic Glazed Tile 26
5.3 Maintenance of Grouting Material 27
5.4 Spotter and Recommended Cleaning Agents 27

6. TECHNICAL INSPECTION, METHODS FOR COMPLAINTS 28

7. CRADLE TO GRAVE LIFE CYCLE IN QUA GRANITE 29

PORCELAIN TILES

8. QUA GRANITE WARRANTY CERTIFICATE 31

PORCELAIN CERAMIC HANDBOOK 2

 GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT CERAMIC TILES

According to the expression published by the European Committee for Standardization ( CEN -
the European Committee for Standardization ); The mixtures obtained from clay and/or other
inorganic raw materials by different mixing and grinding processes are formed by extrusion
(Method A) or dry pressing (Method B) process at room temperature and then dried. These
products are fired at a temperature sufficient to provide the required properties are so get a
name ceramic materials. These ceramic products can be glazed (GL) or unglazed (UGL).
Ceramics can be created with other techniques outside the scope of the European standard,
these are out of our scope.

According to the TS EN 14411 Ceramic Tiles-Recipes, classification, features, conformity

assessment and marking standard, accepted and implemented by the Turkish standards
institute prepared and published in CEN, ceramic tiles are divided into various groups according
to their production method and water absorption feature:

Water Absorption Capacity (Eb)

Shaping
Group I Group lla Group IIb Group III
Eb ≤ % 3 %3 <Eb ≤% 6 %6 <Eb ≤ % 10 Eb > % 10

Group AIa Group AIIa-1a) Group AIIb-1a)

Eb ≤ % 0,5 (Annex B) (Annex D)
(Annex L)
A Group AIII
Tiling Method (Annex F)
Group AIb
Group AIIa-2a) Group AIIb-2a)
% 0,5< Eb ≤ % 3
(Annex C) (Annex E)
(Annex A)

Group BIa
Eb ≤ % 0,5
B (Annex G) Group BIIa Group BIIb Group BIIIb
Dry Pressing
(Annex I) (Annex J) (Annex K)
Method Group BIb
% 0,5< Eb ≤% 3
(Annex H)
a) Groups AIIa and AIIb are divided into two parts with different product characteristics (Part 1
and Part 2).
b) Group BIII covers only glazed tiles. There are also unglazed tiles, which are not included in this
product group, albeit in small quantities, with a water absorption of more than 10% and
produced by the dry pressing method.

3 PORCELAIN CERAMIC HANDBOOK

 QUA Granite Tile Description - Terms and Explanations
PORCELAIN CERAMIC TILE; It is called fully glazed (vitrified) ceramic tile with a water
absorption capacity of 0.5% or less. (See Ala and Bla groups in Table1.)
As QUA GRANIT, our company;
• We produce porcelain tiles in 6.5 mm, 7 mm, 9 mm, 20 mm and 30 mm thicknesses and
different sizes.
All of these products;
• It is in Group BIa Eb ≤ 0.5% (Annex G) product group with low water absorption.
• It is produced as glazed (GL – Glazed).
• After it is produced, the box is rectified in a single dimension specified on them and in the
technical reports and micro chamfer is applied and there is no different caliber class.

MASS (Body)
The mixtures obtained from clay and/or other inorganic raw materials are formed into moist
granules in a spray dryer after different mixing and grinding processes, and are shaped and
dried by dry pressing in the form of falt plates (Method B). We use the term ceramic tile body
for the dried raw ceramic plate formed here. As Qua Granit, we have body productions in
product-specific mixtures and colors.
• T1 colorless body
• G1 low amount black body mixed
• G2 high amount black body mixed
• B1 low amount Brown body mixed
• B2 high amount Brown body mixed
We make our productions by using the appropriate bodies for the product top image by coding
in the form.
Engobe
It is a coating material that gives the clay-based, permeable or impermeable, matte-looking
product the technical properties it needs, and is an intermediate layer that provides bonding
by being applied between the glaze and the body. Different mixtures and application methods
are used for our products.
Glaze
It is the impermeable coating on the ceramic tile. Matte, glossy, and varieties that offer
different visual, physical and features are developed specifically for the products.

Full Polished - Completely Polished Surface

It is the surface that gives full glossy glassy appearance to glazed ceramic tiles by mechanical
polishing after firing.
Lappato - Partially Polished Surface
The process of partial polishing of the products with special surface coating materials (glaze,
granule, metallic, luster, glossy and various other types that can be developed) with
mechanical polishing after firing.

Matte - Granular Matt-Protection Matt and Other Special Surface Products

They are products that do not undergo any further processing on glazed ceramic tile surfaces
after firing. It can be produced in different surface textures and physical properties according
to the glaze and other top materials applied.
PORCELAIN CERAMIC HANDBOOK 4
It is the parameter that classifies whether the product's internal design is homogeneous or
variable. If the design consists of homogeneous and uniform or very similar colors and
patterns, it is classified as V1 and the V value increases as the variations in design and color
increase, similar to the differences in the description and images below:

Differences in pattern and color tone are at a very low level.

Uniform Appearance:
Differences among pieces from the same production run are minimal.

Differences in pattern and color tone are at medium level.

Slight Variation:
Such products have similar tones in surface texture or colors, but they are
designed to have clearly distinguishable differences.

Differences in pattern and color tone are at high level.

Moderate Variation:
While the colors present on a single piece of tile will be indicative of the
colors to be expected on the other tiles, the amount of colors on each
piece may vary significantly. For example "that little bit of color" on one
piece of tile may be the primary color on the next piece.

Differences in pattern and color tone are at the top level.

Substantial Variation:
The color shade or shades of all tile are designed to vary some degree
from piece to piece, from each production run to run. At least several
pieces from the same production run should be reviewed whenever
possible to determine acceptable color shade variations. Thus the final
installation will have a unique blend of tiles.

5 PORCELAIN CERAMIC HANDBOOK

As the name implies, hardness refers to hardness of a mineral. Strength is the resistance of
mineral to pressures and forces acting on the mineral. Hardness is related to chemical
structure of mineral and bond established among minerals. The more and tighter the bonds
are, the harder that mineral is.

Harness is generally measured with reaction to the force of scratch. Friedrich Mohs detected
which mineral is harder as a result of scratches remaining on minerals when he grinded them
together. He noticed the harder mineral scratched the less hard one. As a result of this, he
suggested that minerals hardness of which is not known can be interpreted by using materials
hardness of which is known. Then, Mohs created the Hardness Scale. Resistance of ceramic
tiles to surface scratches is classified with this scale.

Mohs Hardness Scale

Talk 1 nails can scratch

Gipsium 2 nails or a pocket knife and a needle can scratch

Calcite 3 a pocket knife and a needle can scratch

Fluorite 4 a pocket knife and a needle can scratch

Apatite 5 rasp can scratch

Feldspar 6 rasp can scratch

Quartz 7 Those who scratch glass strongly

Topaz 8 Those who scratch glass strongly

Corindum 9 Those who scratch glass strongly

Diamond 10 Only those drawn with a very powerful laser

PORCELAIN CERAMIC HANDBOOK 6

Resistance of glazed tiles that are used for coating grounds to surface abrasion is determined
after products are subject to test numbered EN ISO 10545-7 as specified in European norms
and relevant results are classified for PEI according to description. According to PEI surface
abrasion class provided below, recommendations for use should not be considered correct
product properties are provided for certain requirements, these recommendations should be
used as a guidance only. This classification is applied for applications under normal
conditions. Shoes, traffic type and cleaning methods must be considered in selection of tiles
and grounds must be protected from scratching stains with sole cleaning tool to be placed at
the entrance areas of buildings. For severe conditions such as intense amount of scratcher
and traffic; matte, harder and less-patterned products with high PEI class that make
abrasions less visible and are suitable for body color must be preferred.

It is not recommended to use glazed tiles in this class as ground covering.

Tiles that can be used as floor coverings in places that do not contain dirt that causes
scratching, with soft-soled shoes or in places where one will walk around barefoot (for
example, in houses, bathrooms and bedrooms without any direct entrance from the outside).

Tiles that can be used as floor coverings in places where you will be wandering most
occasionally with soft-soled or normal-soled shoes that contain a certain amount of dirt that
causes scratching (for example, kitchens in homes, living rooms outside the hallway and other
areas with heavy traffic). This does not apply to shoes other than normal shoes, such as boots
with spiked soles.

Tiles that can be used as floor coverings in places where people walk more frequently (for
example, in kitchens, corridors, halls, balconies and terraces) with normal-soled shoes
containing a certain amount of dirt that causes scratching. It is not suitable for areas where
normal shoes with scratching properties are used, such as shoes with spiked soles.

Tiles that can be used as floor coverings with shoes containing a certain amount of dirt
causing scratching and in places exposed to normal pedestrian traffic under conditions more
severe than those specified in Class 3 (for example, entrances, commercial kitchens, hotels,
exhibition and sales rooms).

It can be used as a floor covering in places that are exposed to heavy pedestrian traffic for a
long time (for example, shopping malls, airports, hotel entrances, pedestrian pavements and
public areas such as industrial applications) with shoes containing dirt that causes scratching.
tiles.

7 PORCELAIN CERAMIC HANDBOOK

In order to give extra non-slip properties to products such as matte, wood, concrete surface
that are not processed after firing, technological materials that give this feature are also
applied on the products during glaze applications. The anti-slip class of the product is
determined according to different standard tests according to different usage needs.
• When it is necessary to use in heavy traffic and industrial facilities, standard oil is applied on
the tiles according to DIN 51130 test and a fixed weighted individual with special shoes is
walked to find the slip angle. According to this test, the product is classified from the
minimum lower limit R9 to the most slip resistant value R13.
• For tiles that will be used in wet areas with less traffic, the tiles are wetted with water in
accordance with DIN 51097 test, and the slope that the barefoot person slides on is
determined. According to this test, the products are min. It is classified from limit A to upper
limit C.
• If desired, product slip class can be determined with different test methods such as ANSI
Dynamic friction and ASTM Static friction coefficients.

Comparisons of these mentioned test results are summarized in Diagram 1 by SSI.

HSE (Health and safety Executive) https://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/geis2.pdf page explains all
current anti-slip measurements.

DIN STANDARDS
ANTISLIP FRICTION COEFFICIENT
Antislip friction coefficient
Standard DIN 51130 1,00

0,92
Standard DIN 51097

Areas of use: Saunas, bathrooms, 0,84

swimming pools, aquaparks, SPAs,
kitchens, operational rooms, etc. 0,64 and above.
(areas with always wet ground) Grup C 0,67

Group C low (friction 0,44-0,64)

Areas of use: Anterooms, entrance halls, lobbies, etc. 0,55
(areas with occasionally wet ground)

Areas of use: dressing rooms, 0,44

toilets, etc.
(areas with occasionally wet ground)
Grup B
0,33

Kullanım alanları: Living rooms,

lounges, etc. Grup A 0,27
(areas with always dry ground)
0,21

0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1 1,2

PORCELAIN CERAMIC HANDBOOK 8

 SELECTION OF APPROPRIATE TILE
You may be bored of a lot options while looking for ceramic tile. However, you can narrow your
search after you understand how tiles are grouped and which types are most suitable for your
needs.

These tiles can only be used on walls of internal areas due to water absorption capacity at
10-20% and low load-carrying capacity as given in the Table 1. They are preferred for internal
walls since they are light in weight and provide quiet rich visual features. They can be used
with the first-day quality for long years with application with proper adhesives. They can easily
crack since they cannot resist water (changes in hot-cold weather) and loads when used on
grounds and external areas.

They are preferred for internal grounds and walls due to maximum water absorption capacity
at 3,0% as given in the Table 1.

Due to its maximum 0.5% water absorption and superior bending strength capacity given in
Table 1, it can be used indoors and outdoors both as a floor, wall coverings and as an exterior
cladding. QUA GRANITE Porcelain tile products, on the other hand, are produced under 0.1%
water absorption rate by lowering their limits.

7mm-6.5mm Porcelain Tiles

In addition to satisfying all the porcelain tile features, by beeing lighter in weight, they are
preferred in interior and exterior wall coverings, floor coverings, pool interiors. With very
smooth sub-base applications leveled in accordance with the conditions of the usage area they
can also be used easily on indoor and outdoor floors.
8mm-9mm Porcelain Tiles
QUA GRANITE porcelain tiles can be used safely in all areas where ceramic tile coating is
planned (indoors, outdoors, on the floor and on the walls. Since it also provides low water
absorption, frost resistance and superior strength properties), it is used in exterior cladding,
inside pools, outdoor areas such as garden terraces, buildings. coatings are also one of the
reasons why they are preferred, they can be used without any problems.

Traditionally, these tiles are preferred mostly on grounds bearing heavy load if they are
adhered on the surface. In addition, they can be applied directly on grass, gravel and sand
surfaces by fixing the tiles and on elevated grounds in offices and workplaces with appropriate
plastic apparatus. We produce this group of products in min. R10 antislip class. Therefore,
they can be used securely on areas such as gardens, terraces, pool sides, wet walking paths,
etc.

9 PORCELAIN CERAMIC HANDBOOK

2.3 Recommendations for Selecting Products According to Surface Properties
Suggestions for product groups are generally made by evaluating their technical features. For
the ceramics to be applied to the floor, the wear and scratch surface properties should be
taken into consideration depending on the use of the space and the appropriate product
selection should be made. In case of uncertainty, our sales representative can be contacted
and information about alternatives can be obtained for the most appropriate selection.

Our company defines the surface feature of products with 15 digit material code system in
which the 14th digit explains the product surface property. For example, in the material code
S04MD433D1X10M0, the product surface is described with a letter M as protection mat glazed
surface. The most fundamental differences from these definitions are given below, different
special surface applications are also available and constantly being developed:
C Matt Glazed
E Lappato
F Full Lappato
G Granular Matte
M Protection Matt Glazed
Z Glossy Glazed

2.3.1 Glossy Glazed and Full Lappato Surface Products

In indoor use, floor and wall can be applied for any area, they add extra sparkle, shine and depth
to the environment where they are applied. Since products with glossy surfaces will become
slippery when wet, if they are to be used in more general places with the potential to get wet, they
should be used with non-slip mats and necessary precautions should be taken. It should not be
used in outdoor areas where human traffic is heavy, as there will be a risk of scratching with
stone, soil, sand residues and slipping due to getting wet.
During the application, the surfaces should be kept clean and protected from scratching, and
should be protected by covering when necessary. Joint residues and mortar residues should be
cleaned before they dry, and it should not be walked around with sandy residues on it.

2.3.2 Lappato Surface Products

The surfaces of these products have a special texture and add extra sparkle to the environment
according to the lighting of the environment. Thanks to the special coating material used on the
surfaces, it is in the group of especially scratch-resistant products. Although the risk of slipping is
very low when dry, it will become slippery when it is wet. It is recommended to clean the liquid
contaminants that will occur in use due to the rough texture on the surface, as it will provide the
fastest cleaning.
The surfaces of QUA GRANITE products are resistant to staining, and when necessary, hard-dry
stains that remain with residue for a long time can be cleaned without damaging the surface with
the appropriate cleaning materials described in this booklet. In case of contradiction, it is
recommended to contact our technical service.

2.3.3 Matte-Granular Matt-Protection Matt and Other Special Products

It is the type of surface that can be recommended for any area, indoors, outdoors, at home or in
outdoor use. Mattness, softness, hardness and anti-slip degrees vary according to the products. It
can be used in wet places. It is easier to clean compared to other surfaces. It is recommended to
use the products in wet areas, such as pool sides, bathroom floors, wet process businesses, by
paying attention to the specified slip class. Products with high PEI abrasion class should be
preferred in places exposed to heavy traffic and where there is a possibility of using abrasive
shoes.
PORCELAIN CERAMIC HANDBOOK 10
 APPLICATION METHODS AND INFORMATION FOR USE

While all the methods and procedures described here have been tested for safety, it is not
possible to fully explain the importance of using the safest construction methods possible. What
is described below; Here are some basic dos and don'ts. They do not replace the common sense
of the person who will do the work. Always use caution, focus, and common sense when
following the procedures described here:

• Always make sure that the electrical installation is safe; make sure that no circuits are
overloaded and that all electrical appliances and electrical outlets are properly grounded. Do
not use power tools in wet areas.

• Always read the labels on the packaging of adhesives, solvents and other products; Provide
ventilation and follow all other warnings noted.

• When using tools and equipment, read and follow the instructions for use and especially the
warnings.

• The ceramic cutting machine is used to cut ceramic tiles and similar materials suitable for the
working size of the machine. This machine is specially designed for hobby and professional use.
Cutting wood and metal materials is prohibited.

• Always make sure any settings are locked before continuing. For example, always check the
bevel adjustment of the edge guard of a bench cutting machine or a portable cutting machine
before starting work.

• Before using the ceramic cutter, place it on a flat and non-slip surface. The machine should
not shake.

• Be sure to take precautions in accordance with the warnings specified in the user manuals.

• To avoid injury, always pay special attention to how each tool works.

• Always know the limits of your tools. Do not force them to do what they were not designed to
do.

• When cutting pieces shorter than 7 cm on the work table or when cutting together, always
hold them with the help of holders or pushers. Avoid working with short pieces if possible.

• Always wear safety glasses, especially when using power tools, tearing off existing materials,
cutting concrete or frozen mortar, or cutting ceramic tiles with a knife or saw.

11 PORCELAIN CERAMIC HANDBOOK

• Always be aware that you may not have enough time to reflexively recover from power tool
injuries when in dangerous situations; everything happens so fast. Be awake!
• Always keep your hands away from knives, cutters, and other used workpieces.
• Always use an auxiliary handle drill to control torque when using oversized bits.
• Never work with power tools when you are tired or under the influence of alcohol or drugs.
• Never cut pieces that are much smaller than small pieces. Whenever possible, cut small
pieces from larger pieces.
• Never change the blade or any part of your appliance while the power cord is plugged in,
relying on the switch to be turned off.; You may have an accident. Make sure to unplug the
power cord for these procedures.
• Never work in poor lighting.
• Never work while wearing loose-fitting clothing, hanging hair, open cuffs, or wearing
jewellery.
• Never work with blunt instruments. Have them sharpen it or learn how to sharpen it
yourself.
• Never use a power tool on a workpiece that is not strongly supported or clamped.
• Never support a workpiece with your leg or other body parts while cutting.
• Never carry sharp or pointed tools such as utility knives or chisels in your pockets. If you
want to carry tools, use a leather pocket and a special-purpose tool belt.
• Always use suitable rubber or work gloves when handling chemicals, building materials.
•Always wear a disposable mask when working with odors, dust or fog. Use a special
respirator when working with toxic substances.

Before laying the ceramic tiles, some preparations and checks must be made. When there are
deficiencies or omissions in the requirements described here, it can sometimes lead to
irreversible or very costly consequences.

1.Before starting the application, it is necessary that the environment is bright and the floor is
clean in order to prevent possible mistakes from the beginning.
2.The place where ceramic tiles will be applied should be measured beforehand, the order and
how the tiles will be placed should be planned from the beginning, and the adequacy of the
existing ceramic tile should be checked according to this account.
3.The inner corners of the spaces may not always be exactly square. For this reason,
pre-planning in floor coverings, determining the starting and ending points, determining the
size and position of the piece ceramic tiles are necessary to get good results.

PORCELAIN CERAMIC HANDBOOK 12

 4. The floor or wall where
the ceramic will be laid
should be smooth, if there
are curvatures, level
differences, should be
corrected with suitable
screed material beforehand,
if there are drains on the
floor, the desired slope
towards the drain should be
calculated and this angle
should be applied with the
disposal screed.

5. Before starting the process, it is necessary to have all the materials and hand tools to be used
in the tile laying at hand.

Water gauge for smoothness of level Laser level meter

Professional
Cutter

Safe
Working
Equipment

13 PORCELAIN CERAMIC HANDBOOK

6. Ceramics to be applied should not be wet and should be used after they dry because they will
not adhere if they are wet.
7. If there is dust behind tiles that prevent adhesion, tiles must be used after removing dust with
a brush.
8. On-box information about ceramics to be applied must be controlled, products with the same
production date and production code must be applied on the same areas. Unlike other
producers, all of our QUA GRANITE products are rectified and produced in single size as
micro-beveled, so boxes do not contain calibration code.
9. All of our 6.5 mm to 9 mm products are packaged in boxes. The details given below from the
parts printed on the side of the box should be checked before the application;

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Contains descriptions such as product name, special customer name.

Contains material code of the product.
Contains EAN 13 code of the product.
Contains “V” code of the product.
Contains information on tonality of the product.
Contains packing strap number of the product.
Contains information on date and time.
Indicates shift and responsible operator information

PORCELAIN CERAMIC HANDBOOK 14

20 mm and 30 mm thick tiles are produced with and without cartoon boxed but side printed,
Cartoon Boxed products have the same information as those other thicknesses.
On sides of the unboxed products, following printings are applied to define the tiles:

Product Quality Date of CE Standard Operating

EAN 13 EAN 13
Size and color Production Address Size
Barcode
Name code

Details are printed on the edge of the tile as above. There is also information on the label over
the plastic corner protector.

a
b
c o
d
e n
f

g m
h

j k

The sections on the label of pallet;

Shows product quality (blank if the product is exported).
Shows product name.
Shows material code.
Shows lot number- the first 8 digits show packaging information (00190307), next 5 digits show
tonality information (0001H) and the last 4 digits show year and month of production (22.01)-.
Shows packaging information such as number of tiles in the box, number of boxes in the pallet
and pallet sqm.
Shows details of box for the production (For example, While-in Export box).
Shows information about personnel preparing the pallet label. H.Shows pallet tracking number.
Shows information about barcode containing all information on the pallet label.
Shows date of production.
Shows the conveyor from which package comes out.
Shows information about tonality.
Shows Ean 13 information.

15 PORCELAIN CERAMIC HANDBOOK

10. A few boxes of certain tiles must be opened to control if there is any broken or cracked tile,
check possible color difference or surface fault by laying them down on the ground. If any of
such fault is detected, those tiles must be separated and relevant officer must be informed. If
fault detected is in an amount to affect laying process, you must not start working until you are
responded.

11. There is information on the boxes in the form of print that directly concerns sellers, users,
implementers and enforcers. It is extremely important that the person or persons concerned
read and consider this information.

Apply the mortar that you mix thoroughly on the ground.

Harrow the surface.

Place the first tile to be guide.

Proceed regularly by placing joint surplus between the tiles.

Level the surface with the help of a wooden jig and rubber mallet.

PORCELAIN CERAMIC HANDBOOK 16

12. The signs and explanations on the box should be examined, it should be ensured that
ceramics suitable for the application area and purpose are used.

Suitable for laying Suitable for laying Resistant

on ground on wall to freezing

All of Full lap, Matte and lappato products are indicated on the box with the phrase "Glazed
Technical Granite" as follows.

1.tConstruction chemicals and joint fillers should be selected according to the application site
and bonding surface (plastered surface, gypsum-based surface, wood, concrete, etc.).
2. It is recommended to use ready-made adhesives due to their high water and frost resistance,
excellent bonding of porcelain tiles with low water absorption and ease of application.
3. In the application, it should be ensured that adhesives and grouting materials suitable for
different areas such as pool, exterior, interior wall and the type of product are used.
4. When applying on large sized ceramics, care should be taken to ensure that there is no gap
between the tile and the floor. The double-sided bonding method should be used.
Attention should be paid to the color tone definitions on the product, products with different
designs should be laid on the ground and checked, the products should be distributed and laid
in accordance with the color tone. The use of products in different color tones in the same area
and mixed together is considered as an application error.

17 PORCELAIN CERAMIC HANDBOOK

5. If it is stated on the boxes of the tiles while applying; Considering the markings such as the
laying direction, the application should be made with each piece facing the same direction.
6. While preparing the adhesive mortar and joint, the usage and preparation recommendations
on the packaging should be followed. Their preparation with the recommended water rates
directly affects the adhesion. While preparing the joints, mixing should be done with a
low-speed drill and the application should be defined before the specified freezing times are
exceeded.

7. Considering the settlement and expansion of the floor over time, a gap of at least 1 cm should
be left from the wall edges and then the bonding process should be done.
8. When applying the adhesive, a ceramic comb of appropriate thickness should be used. For
example, for large sizes such as 60x120 cm, a toothed comb with a greater depth (10 mm)
should be used.

PORCELAIN CERAMIC HANDBOOK 18

9. In all applications, the adhesive must be bonded after the adhesive has been applied to both
the surface and the back of the tile. Adhesives should contact the back of the tile 100%. In order
for the adhesion to be strong and for the adhesive to fully spread and adhere to the back of the
tile, the tile should be tamped lightly with a rubber mallet.
10. Joint gaps should be filled with joint material after 24 hours at the earliest, in order for the
glued ceramic to sit in place. The instructions in the user manual must be followed
11. Joint filler should be preferred due to its ease of application, water-repellent feature and
high abrasion resistance. Jointless application should never be done. At the same time, rectified
tiles must be protected against impact in order not to throw off their edges.

12. Epoxy based joint fillers should be chosen in places with heavy pedestrian traffic.
13. In large area applications, dilatation (expansion joint) space should be left. These areas
should be reinforced with elastic filling material (polyurethane mastic) or expansion profiles.
14. Extending the time for joint grouting reduces the risk of yellowing and discoloration of the
joints as the dimensions get larger and the air temperature is low. In addition, it will prevent the
swelling of ceramics due to water vapor pressure.
15. QUA GRANITE tiles are produced as rectified and micro chamfered. Even in this way, a joint
gap should be left to allow the movement of the tile for the building to settle. In the American
standard ANSI A108.02 “General Requirements: Materials, Environmental and
Workmanship-2010”, it is necessary to leave a joint gap of 3 times the tolerance on the
dimensions of the tiles (for example, 3 * 1.0 mm = 3 mm joint gap for a tile with 1.0 mm
deviation) It is written that it should not be less than 1/16 inch ( 1.6 mm ).

19 PORCELAIN CERAMIC HANDBOOK

15. QUA GRANITE tiles are produced as rectified and micro chamfered. Even in this way, a joint
gap should be left to allow the movement of the tile for the building to settle. In the American
standard ANSI A108.02 “General Requirements: Materials, Environmental and
Workmanship-2010”, it is necessary to leave a joint gap of 3 times the tolerance on the
dimensions of the tiles (for example, 3 * 1.0 mm = 3 mm joint gap for a tile with 1.0 mm
deviation) It is written that it should not be less than 1/16 inch ( 1.6 mm ).

16. Especially when laying rectangular and large size products such as 30x120 and 60x120 cm,
the Ceramic Leveling System (wedge joint application) consisting of wedges, holders and
forceps should be used to adhere them at regular joint intervals and at an even level. As in the
example, using wedge wedges close to the corners and increasing the number in the middle as
the tile size grows will make the application much smoother.

17. For products with an aspect ratio of more than 2 times such as 30x120 (120/30 = 4), as we
have stated in the product boxes, the applications should be made in a 1/3 ratio. Information on
the box is as follows. This means that for a product with a long side of 120 cm, it is tiled with a
shift of 120 cm x (1 / 3) = 40 cm.

PORCELAIN CERAMIC HANDBOOK 20

18. When necessary, the products can also be used by cutting them according to the
dimensions. Since the surfaces of semi lappato or granular surface products are hard and
scratch resistant, wet cutting or reverse cutting is recommended when cutting is required.

19. After the joint material is applied and the process is finished, the material adhering to the
tile must be cleaned immediately. When it is dried without cleaning, cleaning becomes difficult,
especially in relief and semi-lappato products.
20. Cement-based joints should be cleaned within 15-20 minutes after the application, and
sensitive and fine cleaning should be completed within 24 hours.
21. Clean water should be used for fine cleaning and the cleaning water should be changed
frequently.

1.In applications in the form of raised floors above ground level, the material is exposed to air
flow and the effect of wind. The installer should seek the assistance of a qualified professional
to check the suitability of the mounting system, ensuring that it complies with local laws,
regulations and conditions of use. Failure to do so may result in serious injury or property
damage.
2.The ceramic tile mounted on the raised pedestal system may break upon impact when a
heavy object falls on it, and anyone standing or walking on this floor is at risk of injury. Failure to
follow the manufacturer's instructions for installing tiles in raised plinth systems could result in
serious injury.

Application on grass Use on heavy load by adhering

21 PORCELAIN CERAMIC HANDBOOK

When the use of ceramic product in buildings is planned, the project engineer and/or customer
should carefully consider the project requirements regarding the technical characteristics of
the tiles. To avoid the risk of damage or injury, we recommend as a manufacturer:

1.Regarding the raised floor installation, if a heavy object falls from any significant height, the
ceramic tile may break on impact. Therefore, we suggest to check the specific use purpose
before starting its installation and follow the table given below for upgraded installation. In
some cases specified in the table, reinforcement (braided double fiberglass or galvanized steel
sheet) must be applied to the back of the tiles supplied and applied by the manufacturer;

2.With reference to any dry-installation system above ground level, the manufacturer may
consider wind load, load bearing, seismic events, etc. recommends to comply with local
regulations and conditions of use regarding. Failure to follow these recommendations
constitutes product misuse and may result in serious damage or injury.

Application on elevated ground

PORCELAIN CERAMIC HANDBOOK 22

Number of support feet to be used per unit m² in raised floor applications
of 2cm and over porcelain ceramic tiles
In the raised floor applications of porcelain ceramic tiles over 2 cm thickness, the number of
support legs that should be used per unit m² is calculated as follows;

Number of pedestals per m², including tile edge measurements from L1 and L2 meters

For tiles with 60 cm (0.60 mt) or less on both sides = 1 :L1 :L2
For tiles with one side over 60 cm (0.60 mt) = 2 :L1 :L2
For tiles with one side over 60 cm (0.60 mt) = 4 :L1 :L2

cm 40 50 60 80 90 120

20 12,50 10,00 8,33 12,50 11,11 8,33

30 8,33 6,67 5,56 8,33 7,41 5,56

40 6,25 5,00 4,17 6,25 5,56 4,17

45 5,56 4,44 3,70 5,56 4,94 3,70

50 5,00 4,00 3,33 5,00 4,44 3,33

60 4,17 3,33 2,78 4,17 3,70 2,78

80 6,25 5,00 4,17 6,25 5,56 4,17

90 5,56 4,44 3,70 5,56 4,94 3,70

120 4,17 3,33 2,78 4,17 3,70 2,78

23 PORCELAIN CERAMIC HANDBOOK

 APPLICATION ON APPLICATION ON APPLICATION ON
PRODUCT SIZE
2CM HEIGHT 2CM - 10CM HEIGHT 10CM - 30CM HEIGHT

60X60 (24”X24”)

* WITH 4 SUPPORT
(2,78 units/m²)
WITH 4 SUPPORT WITH 4 SUPPORT
* knitted with double glass
(2,78 units/m²) (2,78 units/m²)
fiber or with galvanized
steel plate

45X90 (18”X36”)

* WITH 6 SUPPORT * WITH 6 SUPPORT

(4,94 units/m²) (4,94 units/m²)
WITH 6 SUPPORT
* knitted with double glass * knitted with double glass
(4,94 units/m²)
fiber or with galvanized fiber or with galvanized
steel plate steel plate

60X120 (24”X48”)

* WITH 6 SUPPORT * WITH 6 SUPPORT

(2,78 units/m²) (2,78 units/m²)
WITH 6 SUPPORT
* knitted with double glass * knitted with double glass
(2,78 units/m²)
fiber or with galvanized fiber or with galvanized
steel plate steel plate

60X90 (24”X36”)

* WITH 6 SUPPORT * WITH 6 SUPPORT

WITH 6 SUPPORT (3,70 units/m²) (3,70 units/m²)
(3,70 units/m²) * knitted with double glass * knitted with double glass
fiber or with galvanized fiber or with galvanized
steel plate steel plate

30X120 (12”X48”)

* WITH 6 SUPPORT * WITH 6 SUPPORT

(5,55 units/m²) (5,55 units/m²)
WITH 6 SUPPORT * knitted with double glass * knitted with double glass
(5,55 units/m²) fiber or with galvanized fiber or with galvanized
steel plate steel plate

NOTE:
All different sizes of ceramic tiles in 20mm thickness may be used for applications on elevated ground with dead shores up to 2mm height.
Please consult technical department of QUA GRANITE factory for other applications on elevated ground.

PORCELAIN CERAMIC HANDBOOK 24

 CLEANING AND MAINTENANCE DURING AND AFTER
APPLICATION
QUA Granite porcelain tiles are covering materials that add flexible style and permanent quality
to your houses or commercial areas. With minimal maintenance, they will be in use for
decades.

Use solvent depending on the product to clean residuals on porcelain tiles such as strong paint,
mortar, epoxy grouting adhesive, etc. Always test the solvent in a small area. Apply plenty of
undiluted solvent on a manageable area. Let the solvent remain on the stain before it dries until
residuals of grouting material on the surface softens. If necessary, apply again by wiping with a
cotton towel or sponge until the residual material is removed instead of waiting for it to soften.
If necessary, rub with a nylon rubbing pad. Rinse thoroughly with fresh water. It is not
recommended to use such solvents since they may harm products like natural stones and
marbles or grouting paste.

If the joint filler residues harden on the tile surface after the application, the dirt that will adhere
to these areas will make it difficult to clean the tile surfaces. In this case, the surfaces should be
cleaned with joint solvent special chemicals.

Qua Antislip tiles are hardened tiles which are more resistant to slipping than standard tiles
thanks to a special technology. QUA Antislip products do not require a special maintenance.
They may be cleaned and maintained as any porcelain surface. During application, residuals of
grouting material and mortar on tile must be cleaned before they dry; otherwise, cleaning of the
surface will be difficult due to rough surface. Time of cleaning especially after grouting work is
much more important in products with rough surface.

25 PORCELAIN CERAMIC HANDBOOK

 CLEANING AND MAINTENANCE IN ROUTINE USE -
PREVENTION OF DIRTS AND SCRATCHES

Regular cleaning with warm water and soft soap is sufficient to ensure grounds look good. You
may also use cleaning agents used for multiple daily purposes to prevent stains of hard water
accumulation, muscosity or soap stains. Always dry your porcelain tiles thoroughly after
cleaning.

Porcelain tiles include those with polished and matte surfaces with smooth texture and molded
granular or semi lapp surfaces with rough texture.

Cleaning and maintenance is very easy for products with smooth texture. It is not recommended
to use highly concentrated acid and bases although tiles are not damaged from any acid and
base substance except hydrofluoric acid. In addition, use of hard cleaning tools such as brush,
sandpaper, etc. is not also recommended.

For products with rough surface, it is always recommended to wipe the surface quickly by using
proper cleaning agent after rough-hewing with warm water without letting stain dry. Use
nonabrasive cleaning products and tools. Sweep or vacuum surfaces before wiping wet to clean
dust or solid residuals. Even if porcelain tiles are resistant to scratches, abrasions and stains,
they may not be resistant to some damages. Do not use abrasive cleaning equipment on
products with polished surfaces such as metal brush. If you continue constructional works on
the area on which polished products are applied, product surfaces should be covered with a
hard cardboard after cleaning rough dust that may scratch the surface with vacuum or sweeper
to prevent scratches. Avoid from exposing your porcelain tiles to permanent inks or paints that
are hardly removable or unremovable. If porcelain surfaces are exposed to permanent pen or
paint, wash the area with water as soon as possible. After you wash the surface; apply the
approved cleaning agent, rinse and dry thoroughly. Even if porcelain tiles are resistant to stains
of fruit juice, wine, coffee and other food products, it is best to wipe residuals to prevent potential
stains. Select proper product from the table below for unremovable stains and clean the
surface with strong solvent by purifying it with water without keeping the agent on the surface
for long.
Be careful not to drop hard and heavy objects on the ceramic tiles. Our products pass EN
10545-5 ball impact test. Nevertheless, tiles may break off the surface if heavy and sharp-edged
equipment fall onto the tile.

Use nonabrasive and liquid domestic cleaning agents to clean metallic glazed tiles. Avoid from
using ammonia, bleacher, acidic abrasive agents or other cleaners containing hazardous /
contaminating compounds. If you will use a new cleaning agent, test the agent on a small area
first to see compatibility with your metallic glazed tile; then you may apply on the whole surface.

Product with metallic surface must be rinsed with plenty of water after cleaning and residuals
of cleaning agent on the surface must be cleaned thoroughly.

PORCELAIN CERAMIC HANDBOOK 26

Do not use abrasive products, rubbing sponges, steel wool, sand paper and other abrasive tools
while cleaning metallic glazed tiles. This type of tile has a polished surface and this makes it
prone to being scratched. Glass and metal tiles must always be swept before mopping. The
reason is mopping with stains on the tile will cause scratches since sand moves on the surface.

Grouting has two purposes: Filling gaps between tiles and giving a space to the tile to expand.
This application reduces break and becomes a permanent and inseparable part of finished
mounting. Porcelain tiles are nonpermeable, but also select nonpermeable grouting materials
for easy maintenance. It is recommended to use a safe product to prevent stains or for easy
cleaning. Cleaning grouting materials is one of the most difficult processes of porcelain tile
care. These materials prone to catch dirt and fade out over time. They require more special
cleaning and maintenance than tile. Joints must be cleaned periodically to prevent
accumulation of dust. Use of cleaning agents containing acid and ammonia (and other hard
chemicals) may harm especially grouting material of tile. Select products compatible with the
grouting material to prevent joints from fading of being damaged. Routine joint cleaning may be
made with concentrated domestic or commercial cleaning agent used for daily purposes.
Prefer cleaning materials with contents that do not harm joints. Rinse and dry joints with fresh
water after you finish cleaning. In environments that are exposed to heavy traffic and moisture,
check if there is any impairment or destruction on grouting material and repeat grouting
application if deemed necessary. Special cleaners must be used as specified by producer of the
chemical. Following table lists cleaning agents which may be used for various types of stains.

Stain Type Recommended Cleaning Agent

Alcoholic and nonalcoholic drinks Hot water, Detergent for daily use, Bleacher
Vegetable oil Liquid detergents
Synthetic oil Grease Liquid detergents
Cellulosic oil paint Carbonated water
Synthetic oil paint Alcohol Cellulosic thinner
Plastic paint Synthetic thinner
Rubber Water Acetone
Rust-oxidization stain, lime scale Rust and Lime remover
Iodine stain Ammonia
Candle Cement Thinner, turpentine
mortar Sulphuric acid
Ink stain and marker Hot water, alcohol

27 PORCELAIN CERAMIC HANDBOOK

 TECHNICAL INSPECTION, METHODS FOR COMPLAINTS

Products must always be checked before application and determined at the first stage
depending on area of application to use the products with the same code and production date at
the same time. In order to assess each possible complaint about ceramics to he applied
properly, information on box of each product including code and date must be kept after process
is completed. Boxes contain printed information concerning sellers, users, appliers and
application officers. It is very important person or persons concerned read and consider this
information. These matters are mentioned above. A few boxes of certain tiles must be opened
to control if there is any broken or cracked tile, check possible color difference or surface fault
by laying them down on the ground. If any of such fault is detected, those tiles must be
separated and relevant officer must be informed. If fault detected is in an amount to affect
laying process, you must not start working until you are responded. If any problem arises during
application, you must contact the dealer from which the product is bought. Stop working, apply
to information of authorized person and take action according to his/her suggestion.
Replacement of defective products during laying process will cause much more loss of
time-workforce and cost. According to standards, complaints about products with obvious
defects are not accepted after they are applied. We may get unintended appearance due to
incorrect applications. Any detection made during application causes unintended scenes and
loss of workforce. Therefore, you are recommended to work with masters who comply with
laying instructions given by licensed and professional layers and who are familiar with the
products. If insoluble problems are detected during product controls, stop the work
immediately and contact dealer of seller from which the product is bought, share clear
explanation, photographs of the problem and product box information, then receive technical
services from the factory. When the problem is shared with our technical service department;

• Information sent is controlled quickly,

• Records on the date of production are reviewed,
• Product is examined remotely if possible
• or at the address of the customer if deemed necessary,
• Then the solution is provided quickly.

Complaints of customers are tracked by the top management with our assessment system
through software named Canias and Atlassian Jira and are solved quickly to meet needs of our
customers. Therefore, we establish a close relationship with our customers and direct them to
use the products correctly. In addition, substantial problems are solved at source. If problems
arise from products, our technical team collaborating with production is informed and
permanent solutions are provided at the stages of production.

PORCELAIN CERAMIC HANDBOOK 28

 CRADLE TO GRAVE LIFE CYCLE IN QUA GRANITE
PORCELAIN TILES
Tile production basically consists of raw material supply, sludge preparation, spray drying,
pressing, pre-drying, glazing, firing, quality separation and packaging, and shipping processes.

The production process starts with raw material preparation followed by spray drying and
granulation processes. As a result of spray drying, sludge (biscuit) is obtained. Excess moisture
in the sludge is removed by drying. Then, the raw tiles are fired, if necessary by going through
the glazing process. After the firing stage, it comes to the polishing-sizing part. After the quality
control processes, the final products are packaged and sent to distribution.

The system limits used in the Tile LCA study, including the final product packaging, distribution
processes, and demolition and disposal after the product life cycle is completed, are shown in
the table below. The purpose here is; the determination of the environmental effects of the
product, starting from the raw material per unit m2, during the production process, conveying it
to the customer, use, maintenance and after use, from the cradle to the grave, and making
continuous improvements in these matters and monitoring them.

System Limits Definition (under X=LCA, MND=Module not declared)

BENEFITS
AND LOADS
REMAINED
RAW MANUFACTURING USE END OF LIFE
OUTSIDE
MATERIALS PROCESSES
THE
SYSTEM

RE USE – RECYCLING - RE GAIN

OPERATIONAL ENERGY USE

OPERATIONAL WATER USE

RAW MATERIAL SUPPLY

SHIPPING TO USER

WASTE PROCESS
DESTROYMENT
MAINTENANCE
PRODUCTION

APPLICATION

POTENTIAL
DISPOSALT
SHIPPING

SHIPPING
CHANGE

RENEW
REPAIR
USE

A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 C1 C2 C3 C4 D

X MND X X X X X X X X X X MND MND MND MND MND

A1= Includes raw material procurement, raw material extraction and pre-treatment before
production. Production for tile production begins with raw materials.

A2= It is related to transportation to the production site, transportation of the raw material to the
facility and its use within the factory.

29 PORCELAIN CERAMIC HANDBOOK

A3= The production phase starts with the preparation of the sludge. It is then dryed by spray
drying, pressing, pre-drying, glazing, firing, polishing-rectifiying, quality separation and
packaging.

A4= Shipping to the user includes the shipping stage for the product to reach the final
consumer.

A5= The application phase covers the processes during the application of the product.

B1= The use phase looks at the effects during the use of the product. Tiles do not cause any
emissions during use.

B2= Maintenance phase includes cleaning with water and detergent to maintain the function
throughout the life of the product.

B3= For the repair phase, it is assumed that no action is required during use.

B4= For the replacement phase, it is assumed that no action is required during use.

B5=For the regeneration phase, it is assumed that no action is required during use

B6= No operational energy consumption.

B7: No operational water consumption.

C1: The environmental impacts generated during the disassembling phase are very low and
therefore negligible.

C2: The waste transportation stage covers the transportation of the product to the final disposal
site after it has expired and turned into waste.

C3: Waste recycling concerns the crushing of discarded ceramic tiles before they are recycled
or reused.

C4: The disposal stage is the last stage when the product completes its life. Tiles are usually
sent to cement factories.

QUA GRANITE LCA SYSTEM LIMITS

It includes stages A1 and A3 in raw material procurement, A4 and A5 in production processes,
and stages from B1 to B7 in use.

PORCELAIN CERAMIC HANDBOOK 30

 QUA GRANITE WARRANTY CERTIFICATE

25 January 2021
As QUA GRANITE,
we declare our porcelain tiles comply with requirements of the Annex G of International
Standard ISO 13006 dated January 25th, 2021 and European Standard EN 14411Our products
have mechanical and hydrothermal technical properties in accordance with the standard
specified.
Our porcelain tile products (nonslip, matte, matte, sateen matte, polished glazed, metallic glazed) that we
produce according to different types of surfaces can be applied on grounds and walls in compliance with
their technical cards provided to all these series specifically. In order to prevent dust, sand and other
hazardous materials from leaving marks on the surface, it is required to use appropriate tools since various
tile surfaces may be affected differently. Properties of each series of tile are provided in their technical cards.
Our porcelain tiles can be applied on grounds or walls with glue, adhesive agent, sand or cement where
necessary according to area of application.

MAINTENANCE OF METALLIC GLAZED TILES

Use nonabrasive and liquid domestic cleaning agents to clean metallic glazed tiles. Avoid from using
ammonia, bleacher, acidic abrasive agents or other cleaners containing hazardous / contaminating
compounds. If you will use a new cleaning agent, test it in a small area first to see compatibility with your
metallic glazed tile.

PRODUCT WITH METALLIC SURFACE MUST BE RINSED WITH PLENTY OF WATER AFTER CLEANING AND
RESIDUALS OF CLEANING AGENT ON THE SURFACE MUST BE CLEANED.

AVOID FROM using abrasive products, rubbing sponges, steel wool, sand paper and other abrasive tools
while cleaning metallic glazed tiles. This type of tile has a polished surface and this makes it prone to being
scratched. Glass and metal tiles must always be swept before mopping. The reason is mopping with stains
on the tile will cause scratches since sand moves on the surface.

Exceptions;

Following cases are not covered by warranty since faults do not arise from defects in tiles. These are general explanations and
relevant standards are explained in this manner.

1. Use of tiles under pressure much higher than normal pressure or contrarily to normal use of the product.
2. Destruction resulted from foreign agents and / or materials.
3. Improper cleaning and maintenance.
4. Exploitative use in addition to mechanic or manual abrasion.
5. Damages arising from faults of transportation or visual production as determined before laying. Please pay attention that
materials must be checked before laying, defective materials must not be mounted and must be separated for quality control
examination.
6. Faults arising from laying processes conducted by persons other than licensed professional layers or without complying with
laying instructions.

For further information, we are always at your disposal.

Best regards. Canan Güven

Technology Director

QUA GRANITE HAYAL YAPI VE ÜRÜNLERİ SANAYİ TİCARET A.Ş.

Söke Organize Sanayi Bölgesi Mah. 4. Cad. No:1 09200
Tel.: 0850 888 07 08 Faks: 0850 466 06 60
SÖKE / AYDIN / TÜRKİYE

31 PORCELAIN CERAMIC HANDBOOK

qua.com.tr