2024-2025
TP : MongoDB avec Python
Enseignant : Dr. Abdelkarim Mars Section : Info_2
PyMongo
PyMongo is a Python module for working with MongoDB in Python.
Installing PyMongo
The following command is used to install PyMongo.
$ sudo pip install pymongo
We install PyMongo with pip.
PyMongo create collection
In the first example, we create a new collection. MongoDB stores documents in collections.
Collections are analogous to tables in relational databases.
create_collection.py
#!/usr/bin/python3
from pymongo import MongoClient
cars = [ {'name': 'Audi', 'price': 52642},
{'name': 'Mercedes', 'price': 57127},
{'name': 'Skoda', 'price': 9000},
{'name': 'Volvo', 'price': 29000},
{'name': 'Bentley', 'price': 350000},
{'name': 'Citroen', 'price': 21000},
{'name': 'Hummer', 'price': 41400},
{'name': 'Volkswagen', 'price': 21600} ]
client = MongoClient('mongodb://localhost:27017/')
with client:
db = client.testdb
db.cars.insert_many(cars)
PyMongo list collections
With collection_names, we get list available collections in the database.
list_collections.py
#!/usr/bin/python3
from pymongo import MongoClient
client = MongoClient('mongodb://localhost:27017/')
with client:
db = client.testdb
print(db.collection_names())
The example prints collections in the testdb database.
PyMongo drop collection
The drop method removes a collection from the database.
drop_collection.py
#!/usr/bin/python3
from pymongo import MongoClient
client = MongoClient('mongodb://localhost:27017/')
with client:
db = client.testdb
db.cars.drop()
The example removes the cars collection from the testdb database.
PyMongo cursor
The find methods return a PyMongo cursor, which is a reference to the result set of a query.
cursor.py
#!/usr/bin/python3
from pymongo import MongoClient
client = MongoClient('mongodb://localhost:27017/')
with client:
db = client.testdb
cars = db.cars.find()
print(cars.next())
print(cars.next())
print(cars.next())
cars.rewind()
print(cars.next())
print(cars.next())
print(cars.next())
print(list(cars))
PyMongo read all data
In the following example, we read all records from the collection. We use Python for loop to traverse the
returned cursor.
all_cars.py
#!/usr/bin/python3
from pymongo import MongoClient
client = MongoClient('mongodb://localhost:27017/')
with client:
db = client.testdb
cars = db.cars.find()
for car in cars:
print('{0} {1}'.format(car['name'],
car['price']))
The example prints all car names and their prices from the collection.
cars = db.cars.find()
The find method selects documents in a collection or view and returns a cursor to the selected
documents. A cursor is a reference to the result set of a query.
for car in cars:
print('{0} {1}'.format(car['name'],
car['price']))
With the Python for loop, we iterate over the result set.
PyMongo count documents
The number of documents is retrieved with the count method.
count_cars.py
#!/usr/bin/python3
from pymongo import MongoClient
client = MongoClient('mongodb://localhost:27017/')
with client:
db = client.testdb
n_cars = db.cars.find().count()
print("There are {} cars".format(n_cars))
The example counts the number of cars in the collection with count.
$ ./count_cars.py
There are 8 cars
There are eight cars in the collection.
PyMongo filters
The first parameter of find and find_one is a filter. The filter is a condition that all documents must match.
filtering.py
#!/usr/bin/python3
from pymongo import MongoClient
client = MongoClient('mongodb://localhost:27017/')
with client:
db = client.testdb
expensive_cars = db.cars.find({'price': {'$gt': 50000}})
for ecar in expensive_cars:
print(ecar['name'])
The example prints the names of cars whose price is greater than 50000.
PyMongo projections
With projections, we can select specific fields from the returned documents. The projections are passed in the
second argument of the find method.
projection.py
#!/usr/bin/python3
from pymongo import MongoClient
client = MongoClient('mongodb://localhost:27017/')
with client:
db = client.testdb
cars = db.cars.find({}, {'_id': 1, 'name':1})
for car in cars:
print(car)
The example prints the _id and name fields of the documents.
cars = db.cars.find({}, {'_id': 1, 'name':1})
We can specify either including or excluding projections, not both at the same time.
PyMongo sorting documents
We can sort documents with sort.
sorting.py
#!/usr/bin/python3
from pymongo import MongoClient, DESCENDING
client = MongoClient('mongodb://localhost:27017/')
with client:
db = client.testdb
cars = db.cars.find().sort("price", DESCENDING)
for car in cars:
print('{0} {1}'.format(car['name'],
car['price']))
