Risk Assessment
Synthetic resins manufacturing industries are generally associated with use of raw
materials and chemicals which are hazardous in nature. The process activities of
these industries are also associated with certain risks. Prevention of human and
property losses is integral to the operation and management of chemical process
plants.
HAZOP Analysis
Detailed step-wise HAZOP analysis studies describing process, operation, possible
hazard failure and remedial actions for each of the product manufactured is
carried out.
Objective and Methodology of Risk Assessment
Objective:
a) Determine possible damage due to major hazards having damage potential to
life and property.
b) Identify major risk in manufacture of chemicals, storage of chemicals and
provide control though assessment. To prepare onsite, offsite, disaster
management plan for control of hazards.
Methodology:
a) Hazard Identification - Identifying sources of process accidents involving release
of hazardous material in the atmosphere and the various ways (that is scenarios)
they could occur.
b) Consequence Analysis - Estimating the probable zone of impact of accidents as
well as the scale and/or probability of damages with respect to human beings
and plant equipment and other structures.
c) Accident Frequency Assessment - Computation of the average likelihood of
accidents.
d) Risk Estimation - Combining accident consequence and frequency to obtain risk
distribution to find out the quantitative Risk Assessment by using software (ALOHA)
Hazard Identification
Hazard is the characteristic of any system or process which has the potential for
accident. For hazard identification total quantity of raw material and products to
be stored within premises after expansion is taken into consideration.
Details of products storage
Sl Products Physical form Type of Capacity of
No packing/mode of storage
storage
1. Cashew Nut Shell Liquid 200 Kg barrel 50 Tons x 3 Nos
Liquid 70 Tons x 1 No
2. Cardanol Liquid 200 Kg barrel
3. Recidol Semi solid 200 Kg barrel
4. Liquid Resin Semi solid 200 Kg barrel
5. Paints and Liquid 200 Kg barrel
No bulk storage
varnishes
6. Phenalkamine Liquid 200 Kg barrel
7. Adducts Liquid 200 Kg barrel
8. Phenolic Resin Liquid 200 Kg barrel
Identification of hazardous chemicals handled within premises
Amongst the above described raw materials and products, some chemicals fall into
category of hazardous chemicals defined under Manufacture, Storage and Import of
Hazardous Chemical Rules, 1989, amended 2000 (MSIHC). Quantity of storage is
within the threshold limits stipulated in the MSIHC Rules.
Toxicity and flammable limits of chemicals
Sl Chemicals Toxicity level Flammable limit Chemical class
No (as per MSIHC
LD 50 LD 50 FP° C BP° C Rules)
Oral dermal
mg/kg mg/kg
1. Phenol 317 669 85 182 Flammable, Toxic,
Hazardous
2. Formaldehyde 100 270 36.5 60 Flammable, Toxic,
Hazardous
3. Xylene NA NA 37.8 138.5 Flammable, Toxic,
Hazardous
4. Turpentine oil 5760 29000 35 165 Flammable
Hazards from storage and handling of hazardous materials
Pool fire
A leak or spill of sufficient size of flammable liquid will result in an accumulation
of flammable liquid on the ground or in bund or dyke. If ignited, the resulting fire
is known as spreading or fixed pool fire. Objects coming in contact with the flame
above the pool will be severely damaged or destroyed.
Jet Fire
Jet fire will occur in the event of release of flammable hydrogen gas followed by
fire. If released flammable gas/vapours and liquid is ignited immediately, jet fire
may take place.
Vapour Cloud Explosion
If released flammable vapours are not ignited immediately, the cloud of vapour
will spread in the surrounding area. As long as the concentration of gas/vapour is
between the lower and upper flammability limits, the vapour cloud may be set on
fire by an ignition source.
Flash Fire
When released quantities of flammable vapours/gas are not ignited immediately,
vapour/ cloud of flammable vapours/gas spreads in the surrounding area, some
amount of flammable vapours/gas concentration will be between the lower and
upper flammable limits, and the vapour cloud may be set on fire by an ignition
source in entire length of flammable vapour cloud resulting flash fire. In the event
of flash fire, essentially, no over pressure effect is occurred.
Process Hazards and Control Measures
Name of Type of hazards Control measure provided
hazardous possible
process
Thermic fluid Flash point variation of Annual inspections
heater thermal fluid/oil over a Safety interlocks to be provided
period of time Safety and pressure gauge valves
Mist Formation around leak to be fitted
points such as flagged Properly supported and protected
joints, around valves and against corrosion
connection points in the Testing of joints of tubes
pipe line. These may regularly
create explosive
atmospheres
Lagging Fire – leak and
dispersion of oil within
insulation leads to fire
Reactor vessel Release of Heat and Raw Materials quantity must be
Flammable gases controlled either volumetrically
Fire, Toxic gas release and or gravimetrically.
Explosion Process control devices installed
must include the use of sensors
or alarms that take automatic
action to prevent the conditions
of uncontrolled reactions
Auto cut off system must be
provided after reaching of
predetermined maximum safe
temperature
Safety Control valve must be
provided
Use of skilled workers
Proper selection of material of
construction
Mechanical seal in all pumps and
reactors
General Hazards and Control Measures
Type of Identification Possible causes Preventive measures
emergency area
Fire Resins Fire due to bottom Flame proof fittings and
storage area nozzle failure Earthling while
Damage of diesel unloading.
storage tank pump No electrical junction
discharge nozzle failure box close to storage
Unloading tanker hose materials.
rupture Hot work should be
avoided near the storage
area
Explosion Material Vapour explosion due Flameproof electric
handling to contact of spark to installations
areas accumulated flammable Isolated storage of
vapour in confined area flammable material
Spillage and overflow drums
Hot work should be
avoided near the storage
area
Good ventilation for
flammable material
storage
Necessary fire hydrant
systems should be in
place
Material Within the Fire and health hazards Trained employees
handling plant Required PPE and Fire
and Protective equipments
charging to be provided
Good engineering
practice
Consequence Analysis
The objectives of the consequence analysis are to:
Determine relevant toxic and flammable inventories
Analyse a representative set of spill or loss of containment cases
Determine the consequences of each spill with regards to the potential of fire
and explosion and off site impact to people, environment and properties.
Selected Scenarios for Consequence Analysis
Among the various hazardous chemicals to be stored after expansion within the
premises of M/s. Adarsh Industrial Chemicals following chemicals are considered
for catastrophic failure of storage tanks/barrels/drums.
1. Phenol
2. Formaldehyde
3. Ethylene diamine
Model used for Consequence analysis
ALOHA (Areal locations of Hazardous Atmosphere) is an air dispersion model, used
as a tool for predicting the movement and dispersion of gases. It predicts pollutant
concentrations downwind from the sources of a spill, taking into consideration the
physical characteristics of the spilled material. ALOHA also accounts for some of
the physical characteristics of the release site, weather conditions, and the
circumstances of the release. ALOHA provides output as amount of chemical
discharged from the source as well as its concentration in air it takes in to account
different levels of concentrations for a specified chemical. ALOHA version 5.4.7 is
used for consequence analysis.
A Thermal Radiation Level of Concern (LOC) is a threshold level of thermal
radiation, usually the level above which a hazard may exist.
ALOHA uses three threshold values (measured in kilowatts per square meter) to
create the default threat zones:
Red: 10 kW/(sq m) -- potentially lethal within 60 sec
Orange: 5 kW/(sq m) -- second-degree burns within 60 sec
Yellow: 2 kW/ (sq m) -- pain within 60 sec
The thermal radiation affects the people depending upon the length of time they
are exposed to a specific radiation level. Longer exposure durations, even at a
lower thermal radiation level, can produce serious physiological effects.
Toxic release
For toxic release, there are several hazard classification systems in use. ALOHA
determines its default toxic Level of Concern (LOC) values based on the following:
AEGL (Actual exposure guideline levels)
ERPG (Emergency Response Planning Guidelines)
TEEL
IDLH (Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health)
Note: For AEGLs, ERPGs and TEELs, the rank number increase with the hazard
level, so that AEGL-3 is more hazardous than AEGL-1. Typically, the “3” values are
used for the most hazardous (red) threat zones because they represent the
threshold concentration above which health effects may be life threatening.
Chemical raw materials and solvents are stored in tanks above-ground
Solvent/chemical Dia Height Volume Quantity
m m cum stored/month
Phenol 0.6 0.9 0.25 25 ton
Ethylene diamine 0.6 0.9 0.25 15 ton
Xylene 0.6 0.9 0.25 3 KL
PHENOL
Site Data
Location: KARKALA, UDUPI, KARNATAKA, INDIA
Building Air Exchanges Per Hour: 0.62 (sheltered single storied)
Time: April 9, 2019 1548 hours ST (using computer's clock)
Chemical Data
Chemical Name: PHENOL
Molecular Weight: 94.11 g/mol
AEGL-1 (60 min): 15 ppm
AEGL-2 (60 min): 23 ppm
AEGL-3 (60 min): N/A
Ambient Boiling Point: 340.7° F
Vapor Pressure at Ambient Temperature: 0.0045 atm
Ambient Saturation Concentration: 4,578 ppm or 0.46%
Atmospheric Data: (Manual Input of Data)
Wind: 2.58 meters/second from E at 3 meters
Ground Roughness: open country Cloud Cover: 5 tenths
Air Temperature: 30° C Stability Class: C
No Inversion Height Relative Humidity: 50%
Source Strength
Leak from hole in horizontal cylindrical tank
Flammable chemical escaping from tank (not burning)
Tank Diameter: 0.6 meters
Tank Length: 0.9 meters
Tank Volume: 0.25 cubic meters
Tank contains liquid
Internal Temperature: 41° C
Chemical Mass in Tank: 0.19 tons Tank is 58% full
Circular Opening Diameter: 5 centimeters
Opening is 0.18 meters from tank bottom
Ground Type: Default soil
Ground Temperature: equal to ambient
Max Puddle Diameter: Unknown
Release Duration: ALOHA limited the duration to 1 hour
Max Average Sustained Release Rate: 0.207 pounds/min
(averaged over a minute or more)
Total Amount Released: 12.2 pounds
Note: The chemical escaped as a liquid and formed an evaporating puddle.
The puddle spread to a diameter of 5.0 yards.
1) Toxic area of vapour cloud
Threat zone: Model Run: Gaussian
Red : no recommended LOC value --- (N/A = AEGL-3 [60 min])
Orange: 14 yards --- (23 ppm = AEGL-2 [60 min])
Note: Threat zone was not drawn because effects of near-field patchiness
make dispersion predictions less reliable for short distances.
Yellow: 18 yards --- (15 ppm = AEGL-1 [60 min])
Note: Threat zone was not drawn because effects of near-field patchiness
make dispersion predictions less reliable for short distances.
2) Flammable area of vapour cloud
Threat Modelled: Thermal radiation from pool fire
Red : less than 10 meters(10.9 yards) --- (10.0 kW/(sq m) = potentially
lethal within 60 sec)
Orange: less than 10 meters(10.9 yards) --- (5.0 kW/(sq m) = 2nd degree
burns within 60 sec)
Yellow: less than 10 meters(10.9 yards) --- (2.0 kW/(sq m) = pain within 60
sec)
3) Blast area of vapour cloud explosion
Threat Modelled: Thermal radiation from fireball
Red : LOC was never exceeded --- (10.0 kW/(sq m) = potentially lethal
within 60 sec)
Orange: LOC was never exceeded --- (5.0 kW/(sq m) = 2nd degree burns
within 60 sec)
Yellow: LOC was never exceeded --- (2.0 kW/(sq m) = pain within 60 sec)
ETHYLENE DIAMINE
Chemical Name: ETHYLENE DIAMINE
CAS Number: 107-15-3
Molecular Weight: 60.10 g/mol
AEGL-1 (60 min): N/A
AEGL-2 (60 min): 9.7 ppm
AEGL-3 (60 min): 20 ppm
IDLH: 1000 ppm LEL: 25000 ppm , UEL: 120000 ppm
Ambient Boiling Point: 242.2° F
Vapor Pressure at Ambient Temperature: 0.024 atm
Ambient Saturation Concentration: 24,625 ppm or 2.46%
Atmospheric Data: (Manual Input of Data)
Wind: 2.58 meters/second from E at 3 meters
Ground Roughness: urban or forest Cloud Cover: 3 tenths
Air Temperature: 31.58° C Stability Class: C
No Inversion Height Relative Humidity: 75%
Source strength:
Leak from hole in vertical cylindrical tank
Flammable chemical escaping from tank (not burning)
Tank Diameter: 0.6 meters
Tank Length: 0.9 meters
Tank Volume: 0.25 cubic meters
Tank contains liquid
Internal Temperature: 31.58° C
Chemical Mass in Tank: 0.17 tons and Tank is 70% full
Circular Opening Diameter: 8 centimetres
Opening is 0.45 meters from tank bottom
Ground Type: Default soil
Ground Temperature: equal to ambient
Max Puddle Diameter: Unknown
Release Duration: ALOHA limited the duration to 1 hour
Max Average Sustained Release Rate: 0.499 pounds/min
(averaged over a minute or more)
Total Amount Released: 29.5 pounds
Note: The chemical escaped as a liquid and formed an evaporating puddle.
The puddle spread to a diameter of 3.8 yards.
1) Toxic area of vapour cloud
Model Run: Gaussian
Red : 21 yards --- (20 ppm = AEGL-3 [60 min])
Note: Threat zone was not drawn because effects of near-field patchiness
make dispersion predictions less reliable for short distances.
Orange: 32 yards --- (9.7 ppm = AEGL-2 [60 min])
Note: Threat zone was not drawn because effects of near-field patchiness
make dispersion predictions less reliable for short distances.
Yellow: no recommended LOC value --- (N/A = AEGL-1 [60 min])
2) Flammable area of vapour cloud
Model Run: Gaussian
Red : less than 10 meters(10.9 yards) --- (15000 ppm = 60% LEL = Flame
Pockets)
Note: Threat zone was not drawn because effects of near-field patchiness
make dispersion predictions less reliable for short distances.
Yellow: less than 10 meters(10.9 yards) --- (2500 ppm = 10% LEL)
Note: Threat zone was not drawn because effects of near-field patchiness
make dispersion predictions less reliable for short distances.
3) Blast area of vapour cloud explosion
Threat Modeled: Overpressure (blast force) from vapor cloud explosion
Type of Ignition: ignited by spark or flame
Level of Congestion: uncongested
Model Run: Gaussian
No explosion: no part of the cloud is above the LEL at any time
XYLENE
Chemical Name: XYLENE
CAS Number: 95-47-6
Molecular Weight: 106.17 g/mol
IDLH: 900 ppm
LEL: 11000 ppm
UEL: 64000 ppm
Ambient Boiling Point: 290.9° F
Vapor Pressure at Ambient Temperature: 0.013 atm
Ambient Saturation Concentration: 12,907 ppm or 1.29%
Atmospheric Data: (Manual Input of Data)
Wind: 2.58 meters/second from E at 3 meters
Ground Roughness: urban or forest Cloud Cover: 3 tenths
Air Temperature: 31.58° C Stability Class: C
No Inversion Height Relative Humidity: 75%
Source strength:
Leak from hole in vertical cylindrical tank
Flammable chemical escaping from tank (not burning)
Tank Diameter: 0.6 meters
Tank Length: 0.9 meters
Tank Volume: 0.25 cubic meters
Tank contains liquid and Internal Temperature: 31.58° C
Chemical Mass in Tank: 0.17 tons Tank is 70% full
Circular Opening Diameter: 8 centimeters
Opening is 0.45 meters from tank bottom
Ground Type: Default soil
Ground Temperature: equal to ambient
Max Puddle Diameter: Unknown
Release Duration: ALOHA limited the duration to 1 hour
Max Average Sustained Release Rate: 0.487 pounds/min
(averaged over a minute or more)
Total Amount Released: 28.4 pounds
Note: The chemical escaped as a liquid and formed an evaporating puddle.
The puddle spread to a diameter of 3.9 yards.
1) Toxic area of vapour cloud
Model Run: Gaussian
Red : less than 10 meters(10.9 yards) --- (900 ppm = IDLH)
Note: Threat zone was not drawn because effects of near-field patchiness
make dispersion predictions less reliable for short distances.
2) Flammable area of vapour cloud
Threat Modelled: Flammable Area of Vapor Cloud
Model Run: Gaussian
Red : less than 10 meters(10.9 yards) --- (6600 ppm = 60% LEL = Flame
Pockets)
Note: Threat zone was not drawn because effects of near-field patchiness
make dispersion predictions less reliable for short distances.
Yellow: less than 10 meters(10.9 yards) --- (1100 ppm = 10% LEL)
Note: Threat zone was not drawn because effects of near-field patchiness
make dispersion predictions less reliable for short distances.
3) Blast area of vapour cloud explosion
Threat Modelled: Overpressure (blast force) from vapor cloud explosion
Type of Ignition: ignited by spark or flame
Level of Congestion: uncongested
Model Run: Gaussian
No explosion: no part of the cloud is above the LEL at any time
Occupational Health Surveillance Programme
Occupational Health Surveillance (also termed as medical surveillance for workers)
constitutes an important component in efforts to protect and improve worker’s
health. It is the systematic collection, analysis of disease data on groups of
workers and is designed to detect early signs of work-related illness.
Pre-placement examination and periodic examination must be carried out at
workplace
Emergency/exposure examination and test should be carried out
Maintain the work profile and medical history of employee/workers
Pulmonary function test must be carried out in case handling of
formaldehyde
Written medical opinion must be maintained by industry
A medical program has been developed for M/s.Adarsh Industrial Chemicals., based
on site specific needs and potential exposures of employees and workers to the
various chemicals handled at the site.
A site medical program consists of the following components:
A. Surveillance:
Pre-employment screening
Periodic medical examinations (and follow-up examinations when
appropriate)
B. Treatment:
Emergency
Non-emergency (on a case-by-case basis)
C. Record-keeping
D. Program review
Plan and Fund allocation for Occupational Health & Safety Programme
Component Recommendation Fund
allocation
Pre- Occupational history -
Employment Physical examination
Screening Determination of fitness to work wearing
protective equipment
Periodic Yearly update of medical and occupational Rs. 30,000/
Medical history year
Examinations Yearly physical examination and testing
Emergency Provide emergency first aid on site Rs. 15,000 /
treatment Develop liaison with local hospital and year (in case of
medical specialists emergency)
Give details of incident and medical history
to next care provider
Record keeping Maintain and provide access to medical -
and review Report and record occupational injuries and
illnesses
Review program periodically
Focus on current site hazards, exposures,
and industrial hygiene standards.
Workers can be directly or indirectly exposed to chemicals like Phenol, Formalin,
Caustic Soda, Para Formaldehyde, xylene etc., during process or material handling.
Following actions will be taken to keep the chemicals within Permissible Exposure
Limit (PEL)/ Threshold Limit Value (TLV).
Process will be carried out in closed system
Exhaust ventilation system will be provided
Chemicals will be handled by competent person
MSDS of all the chemicals will be maintained by company
Flame proof electrical fittings should be provided
Safety devices like temperature control and pressure control must be
provided to vessel
Labelling and sign board should be provided
Firefighting and emergency exit should be provided
PPE must be used during handling of chemicals
Evaluation of Exposure of Chemical during Pre-Placement and Periodical
Medical Monitoring
Emergency /exposure examination and test should be carried out.
Examination is based on irritation, sensitization of skin, respiratory system,
eye, shortness of breath.
Test must be carried out as per handling of chemicals as per OSHA
guideline.
Previous medical opinion of workers/employees must be taken into account
during pre-placement and periodical medical monitoring period
Treatment of workers affected by accidental spillage of chemicals
Hazards with Acute and chronic Exposure
Contact with skin may cause severe burns
Systemic effects may occur from any route of exposure, especially after skin
absorption
Repeated or prolonged exposure may harm the respiratory system
Methanol affects the central nervous system, liver, and kidneys
Precautions
Prevent contact with skin by wearing gloves and lab coat
Wear safety glasses or a face shield if splashing may occur
Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area, away from heated surfaces or
ignition sources
Remove contaminated clothing
Skin contact requires immediate flushing of the contaminated area with
water at a sink or shower. In case of eye contact, promptly flush the eyes
with ample amounts of water and obtain medical attention.
Risk Mitigation Measures for Phenol
Phenol can pose a severe health hazard and should be handled with extreme
caution. Phenol is highly corrosive to the skin and readily absorbed through it,
where upon it can affect the central nervous system and cause damage to the liver
and kidneys.
Phenol handling should be done only in presence of collection system
especially when heating it
Prevent phenol from contacting skin by wearing gloves. Wear chemical
goggles to protect the eyes.
Review a phenol Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) before handling the
material.
As with any chemical, do not eat, drink, or smoke where phenol is handled,
processed, or stored, since the chemical could be ingested.
Store phenol in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area, away from heated surfaces
or ignition sources.
Risk Mitigation Measures for Formaldehyde
Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) need to be developed for the use of
formalin / formaldehyde.
Employees who handle formaldehyde must be trained on the hazards of
formaldehyde and informed about the measures to be taken during exposure
or spill.
It should be ensured that workers are not over-exposed
Formaldehyde should be used with adequate ventilation, away from ignition
sources preferably in a fume hood, to minimize inhalation of formaldehyde
vapour.
Risk Mitigation Measures for Spills
In all chemical and hazardous material emergency situations, the primary concern
is the protection of personnel. The secondary concern is to confine the
contamination. The release or spill of hazardous material will require a prompt
response including the amount, type and location of the spill.
Hazardous materials spills can occur during storage, handling or charging on
reactor.
Spill control and management
The following measures will be taken in the event of spills:
Notify such area immediately
Limit access, prevent contamination spread
Survey personnel before exiting
Cover spill with absorbent materials (unless liquid is flammable or oxidizing)
Remove contaminated clothing and footwear
Record spill details and contamination monitoring results
Persons involved in the spill should leave the area immediately
Close off and secure the spill area to prevent entry
Warning signs will be posted
Select the appropriate PPE, shielding and absorbent spill materials like
absorbent paper or spill pillows if the liquid is not a flammable or oxidizing
agent.
Personal Protective Equipments
Personal protective equipments (PPEs) are devices issued to each worker
personally for their exclusive use. They are intended for temporary use and
emergency response action only. If a worker must enter a contaminated area, he
must wear adequate protective equipment. Protective equipments like helmets,
goggles, aprons, gloves etc., based on the area of work to ensure safety.
Employees will be taught when and how to use equipments and how to
recognize defects in the equipment.
Personal protective equipment should be kept where it can be accessed
quickly, outside the hazardous material storage area and away from areas of
likely contamination.
Employees are instructed to maintain the personal protective equipments in
clean, working condition at all times.
Mock drills: Safety mock drills will be held by annually before the regulatory
authorities for prompt and safe response during emergencies.
Training: Safety training for the employees on need basis depending on the work
area is given at regular intervals to ensure development and maintenance of safety
mind-set amongst the employees.
Safe Practice for Handling, Storage, Transportation and Unloading of Hazardous
Chemicals
For Storage and Handling
Keep solvents in well ventilated room
Fire hydrant system shall be installed
Flame proof light fitting shall be provided at flammable storage area
Proper selection of MoC for chemicals storage tank
Earthing/bonding shall be provided for static charges
Hazardous material should be stored away from the plant and safe distance
shall be maintained
Caution note, hazardous identification board should be provided
Only authorized person shall be permitted in storage tank area
For Transportation & Unloading
Solvent shall be received by road tanker and stored in above ground storage
tanks
Loading and unloading procedure shall be carried out very carefully
Fixed pipeline with pumps shall be provided for transfer to vessel.
Transporters shall be trained for transportation of hazardous chemicals.
Personal Protective Equipment (safety goggles, hand gloves, apron, masks,
gum boots etc.) shall be provided.
General Risk Reduction Measures in View of Safety Consideration
Storage tank of Formaldehyde, Phenol and Xylene should be installed as
away as possible from the plant area
Proper sloping and collection sumps should be provided so that any spillages
in the bulk storage and other handling areas shall not stagnate and shall be
quickly lead away to a safe distance from the source of leakage.
Inspection of the storage tanks as per inspection schedule for thickness
measurement, joint and weld efficiency etc.
Provision of flameproof electrical fittings / equipment’s.
Strict enforcement of no smoking.
Periodic training and refresher courses to train the staff in safety
firefighting.
Emergency drills should be carried out periodically to ensure preparedness
for emergency situations
Many of the raw materials used for resin are either toxic or flammable. It is
therefore important to ensure that these materials are stored in closed,
well ventilated totally safe areas.
All personnel should be trained in handling emergency situations
Adequate number of caution boards highlighting the hazards of chemicals
should be provided at critical locations.
Prepare & display the safe operating procedure for hazardous chemicals
storage, handling & transporting or using.
Reduce the level of physical activity by sharing workload with other or by
using mechanical means.
Firefighting Facilities
A. Fire Extinguishers
Portable fire extinguishers/ sand buckets are provided in the industry
depending upon the specific needs of the area.
Cease fire cylinders 15 kgs – 10 numbers
Carbon dioxide cylinders 15 kgs – 10 Numbers
Carbon dioxide cylinders 10 kgs – 10 Numbers
Sand buckets – 5 nos
Some spare equipments will also be maintained in the inventory at an identified
fire & safety equipment store.
B. Fire Alarm Sirens
Sirens are provided to alert all the employees inside the premises about the
situation of an emergency.
C. Safety Equipments
All types of personnel protective safety equipments required for handling
the emergency are to be arranged at the site after making necessary
upgradation for proposed expansion.
In addition, the necessary safety documents like Material Safety Data Sheets
(MSDS), risk assessment study report, HAZOP study report, on-site emergency plan
shall be prepared and made readily available to the concerned persons in case of
emergency. Contact numbers of concerned in case of emergencies will be
displayed at prominent locations
