CH-13 OUR ENVIRONMENT
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
Q.1. In a given food chain if the amount of energy at the fourth trophic level is 6 kJ, what will be the energy
available at the producer level?
(a) 6000 kJ
(b) 20 kJ
(c) 60 kJ
(d) 600 Kj
Q.2. Environment includes:
(a) Land, air, water
(b) Light, temperature, rainfall
(c) Plants, animals, microbes
(d) All of these
Q.3. Which of the following is a biodegradable waste ?
(a) DDT
(b) Aluminum can
(c) Plastic bag
(d) Cow dung
Q.4. Which of the following is the best way for disposal of vegetable and fruit peels?
(a) Landfill
(b) Recycling
(c) Composting
(d) Burning
Q.5. Which group of waste materials can be classified as Non-biodegradable?
(a) Plant waste, used tea bags
(b) Polyethene bags, plastic toys
(c) Used tea bags, paper straw
(d) Old clothes, broken footwear
Q.6. Accumulation of non-biodegradable pesticides in the food chain in increasing amount at each
higher trophic level is known as:
(a) Eutrophication
(b) Pollution
(c) Biomagnification
(d) Accumulation
Q.7. The % of solar radiation absorbed by all green plants for photosynthesis is about ———–.
(a) 1%
(b) 5%
(c) 8%
(d) 10%
Q.8. In an ecosystem, the 10% of energy available for transfer from one trophic level to the next is in the
form of :
(a) heat energy
(b) light energy
(c) chemical energy
(d) mechanical energy
Q.9. Which of the statements is incorrect?
(а) All green plants and blue green algae are producers
(b) Green plants get their food from organic compounds
(c) Producers prepare their own food from inorganic compounds
(d) Plants convert solar energy into chemical energy
Q.10. If a grasshopper is eaten by frog, then the energy transfer will be from:
(a) producers to decomposers
(b) producer to primary consumer
(c) primary consumer to secondary consumer
(d) secondary consumer to primary consumer
Q.11. What will happen if Deer is missing in the food chain given below?
Grass → Deer → Tiger
(а) The population of tiger increases
(b) The population of grass decreases
(c) Tiger will start eating grass
(d) The population of tiger decreases and the population of grass increases
Q.12. The transfer of Energy in a food chain is always:
(a) Unidirectional
(b) Methane
(c) Bi-directional
(d) Random
Q.13. When is the World Environment Day celebrated?
(a) 16 June
(b) 5 December
(c) 5 June
(d) 5 July
Q.14. Which of these is a greenhouse gas?
(a) Hydrogen Sulphide
(b) Methane
(c) Ozone
(d) Carbon monoxide
Q.15. The decomposers are not included in the food chain. The correct reason for the same is because
decomposers:
(a) Act at every trophic level of the food chain
(b) Do not breakdown organic compounds
(c) Convert organic material to inorganic forms
(d) Release enzymes outside their body to convert organic material to inorganic forms.
ASSERTION REASON TYPE QUESTIONS
(a) If both Assertion and reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of assertion
(b) If both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not a correct explanation of the Assertion
(c) If Assertion is true but the Reason is false
(d) If both Assertion and Reason are false
Q.1. Assertion (A) : Garden is an artificial ecosystem.
Reason(R) : Biotic and abiotic components are manipulated by humans.
ANSWER: A
Q.2. Assertion (A) : Food chain is responsible for the entry of harmful chemicals in our bodies.
Reason(R) : The length and complexity of food chain vary greatly
ANSWER: B
Q. 3.Assertion (A) : Biotic components of ecosystem continuously require energy to carry on life processes.
Reason(R) : Abiotic components are non-living factors of ecosystem.
ANSWER: B
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
Q1- Give any two ways in which biodegradable substances would affect the environment.
Ans: They keep the environment clean as they are easily decomposed. They can easily go through the
geochemical cycle with the help of decomposers.
Q 2- In a food chain, 10,000 joules of energy is available to the producer. How much energy will be
available to the secondary consumer to transfer it to the tertiary consumer?
Ans: 10 J
Q 3- The flow of energy in the food chain is unidirectional. Why?
Ans: Energy flows from sun to plants (autotroph), plants to animals (consumer).
Q 4 - Name any two abiotic components of an environment.
Ans: (a) Climatic factors (light, temperature, rainfall) (b) Edaphic factor (Soil)
Q 5- Producers always occupy the first trophic level in any food chain. Why?
Ans: Only producers have the ability to trap solar energy and manufacture organic food through the process
of photosynthesis.
Q 6- What is the full form of CFCs and UNEP?
Ans: CFC=Chlorofluorocarbons UNEP = United Nations Environment Programme.
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTI ONS
Q 1 - Differentiate between biodegradable and non-biodegradable substances with the help of one example
each. List two changes in habit that people must adapt to dispose non-biodegradable waste for saving the
environment.
Ans: Biodegradable substances: Substances that can be slowly destroyed and broken down into very small
parts by natural processes i.e., by bacteria, fungi, etc. For example, organic wastes like vegetables and fruit
peels.
Non-biodegradable substances: Substances that cannot be broken down or decomposed into the soil by
natural agents are called as nonbiodegradable.
For example, plastic. a. Segregating and treating the non-biodegradable waste before putting in dustbins.
b. Recycle the plastics or glass present in non-biodegradable wastes.
c. Motivate people to use paper or jute bags instead of plastic bags.
Q 2 - What will happen if we kill all the organisms in one trophic level?
Ans: i-The organisms in specific trophic level will not be able to get the food
ii-It will cause a disturbance in food chain and therefore ecological imbalance will take place.
Q 3 - In a certain study conducted on the occurrence of DDT along food chains in an ecosystem, the
concentration of DDT in grass was found to be 0-5 ppm. In sheep, it was 2 ppm and in man it was 10 ppm.
Name the phenomenon and define?
Ans: Bio-magnification Bio-magnification is the increase in the level of a toxic substance with each
successive rise in the trophic level of a food chain.
Q 4 - How can we help in reducing the problem of waste disposal? List two ways.
Ans: i-Separation of biodegradable and non-biodegradable wastes
ii-Preparation of compost / vermicomposting from biodegradable waste
iii-Recycling of waste.
Q 5 - Why is a lake considered to be a natural ecosystem?
Ans: In Lake living organisms grow , reproduce and interact with other biotic and abiotic components. In
lake different components carry out all activities in nature by themselves without any human interference;
therefore, it is referred to as a natural ecosystem.
Q 6 -Which gas shield the surface of earth from harmful radiation of the sun. why these radiations are
supposed to be harmful for us?
Ans: Ozone gas Harmful radiation of the sun like UV radiation may causes skin cancer , cataract, fall in
immunity in infants, decline in photosynthesis rate etc
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
Q1- Why are bacteria and fungi called decomposers? List any two advantages of decomposers to the
environment.
Ans: Decomposers degrade breakdown the complex organic substances into simple inorganic substances
that go into the soil and are used up once more by the plants.
Advantages: i- Clean environment by decomposing dead bodies of plants/ animals
ii- Replenish nutrients (Inorganic substance) into soil
iii- Helps in Nutrient recycling.
Q2- “Energy flow in a food chain is unidirectional”. Justify this statement. Explain how the pesticides enter
a food chain and subsequently get into our body.
Ans: Because the energy moves progressively through the various trophic levels and is no longer available
to the previous trophic level. The energy captured by autotrophs does not revert to the solar input.
a.Pesticides, used for crop protection when washed down into the soil/ water body, are absorbed by the
plant along with water and minerals
b. Plants are consumed by animals and these chemicals get into animal body
c. Being non-biodegradable, these chemicals get accumulated progressively in the food chain and into our
body
d. As we go into higher levels of food chain amount of harmful substances will increase in the body of
organisms as a result of biomagnification.
Q3- Answer the following: i- What is ozone? How is it formed in the atmosphere?
ii- How ozone layer is useful
iii- Name the substances responsible for the depletion of ozone layer.
Ans: i- Ozone is a triatomic form of oxygen, O3. Ozone is formed in the upper atmosphere by the action of
ultraviolet (UV) radiations over oxygen (O2)
ii- It protects us from harmful UV radiation from the sun.
iii- The important ozone depleting substances chlorofluorocarbons (CFC), methane, N2O, chlorine.
Q4- (a) Write two harmful effects of using plastic bags on the environment. Suggest alternatives to the usage
of plastic bags.
(b) List any two practices that can be followed to dispose of the waste produced in our homes.
Ans: (a) Harmful effects of using plastic bags :
(i) These are non-biodegradable substances.
They cannot be decomposed and therefore remain as pollutants in nature for many years.
(ii) The plastic bags choke drains and cause waterlogging.
(iii) The plastic releases harmful chemicals in soil, water slowly over years. Jute bags and cloth bags are the
alternatives to the polyethene bags.
(b) Practices to dispose off the waste produced in our homes:
(i) Separation of biodegradable and non- biodegradable wastes.
(ii) The biodegradable waste can be converted to manure.
(iii) Non-biodegradable waste should be disposed off at suitable places from where municipal authorities can
pick them up and dispose properly and scientifically.
(iv) Reuse the waste.
Q5- In the following food chain, 100 J of energy is available to the lion. How much energy was available to
the producer?
Ans : simple food chain: Plants ———> Deer ———> Lion.
As per 10 % law only 10 % of energy is transferred to next trophic level-
Energy available to deer = 100J x 10 = 1000 J
Energy available to plants = 1000 x 10 = 10,000 J.
Q.6. In a food chain, if 10000 Joules of energy is available to the producer, how much energy will be
available to the secondary consumer to transfer it to the tertiary consumer?
Ans: Energy which will be available to the secondary consumer to transfer it to the tertiary consumer are
a. Energy available to producers = 10,000 Joules. Energy transfer to producer = 1% of 10,000 Joules = 100
Joules.
b. According to Ten percent law, Energy transfer to primary consumer = 10100 × 100= 10 Joules.
c. Energy transfer to secondary consumer = 10100 × 10 = 1 Joule. d. Energy transfer to tertiary consumer =
10100 × 1 = 0.1 Joule.
