.

l iH:i f •

, (2024-25)
SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER 4 I

CLASS X - SCIENCE OS6 I

Time Allowed: 3 hours I

Max. Mark s:80 I

I
SEC TIO N-A I
• . t·ons given for each of the
Select and write the most apjirbpriate option out of the four op 1
questions 1 -20. There is no negative mark for an incorrect response.
1. Pentan e has the molecular formula CsH12. It has: 1
a) 5 covale nt bonds
b) 12 covale nt bonds
••
c) 16 covale nt bonds
d) 17 covale nt bonds
2. Which of these statements is correct when zinc is added to sodium hydrox ide solutio
n in a
beaker and wanne d?
1
a) Zinc granule s doinot undergo any change.
b) A white coat is formed over zinc granules. .
c) Zinc granule s dissolve in sodium hydroxide solution, ,liberate hydrog en and sodium
zincate is formed.
d) Neutra lisation takes place, and zinc hydroxide and water are formed .
3. Which of the following is the correct observation of the reactio n shown in the set-up
? 1

~---M agnes ium

rtbbon

Burner.--... :1111. . ~---Wn tch•gh l.Q

~==:;, r----M agnest um
#·< (»(Ide

a)Brown powde r of Magne sium oxide is formed. •

b)Colourless gas which turns lime water milky is evolved.
c)Magne sium ribbon burns with brilliant white light.
d)Reddish brown gas with a smell of burning sulphur has evolve d.
4. Which one is an example of a substitution reaction?
(a) CH2 =
hv 1
CH2 + H 2 > CH3-CH3
(b) CH3 CH2 OH KMnO~a lk) CH3 COOH

(c) CH
4
+ Cl2 hv> CH3Cl + HCl
(d)CH ==CH + H2 hv> CHJ= C Hi
 STD - X QUESTION BANK SCIENCE ll
5• Salt A, ~ommonly used in fooo products, is a reactant to produce salt B, used in the kitchen
hi h •
for makin
. •
g tasty, cnspy pakoras. Salt B, on heating, converts into another salt C, w c ts
, are 1
used ID the manufacturing of glass. Salts A, B and C, respectively
a) NaHC03, NaCl, N&2C03
b) Na2C03, NaHC03, NaCl
c) Na2C03, NaCl, NaHCQ3
d) NaCl, NaHC03, Na2C03
butane? 1
6. Which of the following are the correct structural isomers.' of
H H H H
H H H
I I I I I I I
H - C - C-C - H
Ci> H-c - c-c- c-.H (ii)

I
H
I
H
I
H
I
H l "1-
I
"
H

H H
H H H I I
(iii} H-!-!-!-H
I I I
(M
H-c-c--H
I I
H-c -c-H
li•H-C -H H
I I I rn"
H
H H
>?.r
a) i and iii
b) ii and iv
c) i and ii
d) iii and iv
a high melting point. This
7. An element reacts with oxygen to give a compound with 1
compound is also soluble in water. The element is likely to be
a) calcium
b) carbon
c) silicon •J
d) iron.
1
8. Which one of the following is a non-biodegradable waste?
a) Cowd ung
b) Manure
\\
c) Plastics
d) Kitchen waste
. . 1I I
1
9. Pollen grains are produced by
a) Ovary
b) Petal
c) Seed " I I

d) Anther
has both tall and dwar f
1o. A plant heterozygous for tallness is self-crossed, F2 generation
• 1
plants. This proves the principle of
a) Dominance ,
b) Sex chromosomes
c) Independentassortment

m EXAMPOiNT ~--" ~·
 SCIENCE
ffi
STD - X QUESTION BANK

d) Incomplete dominance , . 1
11. The first step of the breakdown of glucose 'taktls place in
a) Nucleus
b) Mitochondria
c) Cytoplasm
d) Lysosomes
I
12. The junction between two neurons is called
a) Synapse
b) Axon
c) Cerebrum
d) Auxin
1
13. Magnetic field is a ............ .
a) Scalar quantity
b) Vector quantity
c) Dimensionless quantity
d) None of these options
14. The electrical resistivity of a metallic wire depends upon its.••• ••••• 1
a) Length
b) Material
c) Thickness
d) Shape
15. In the rearview mirror of the vehicle, what will be the magnification? 1
a) 1
b) greater than 1
c) Lesser than 1
d) No magnification seen

16. What would be the angle of incidence for a light ray having zero reflection angle? 1
a) 180 degrees
b) 90 degrees
c) 0 degree
d) 45 degrees
Q. no 17 to 20 are Assertion - Reasoning based questions.
These consist of two statements -Assertion (A) and Reaso (R) .
by selecting the appropriate option given below: n • Answer these questions

(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanat·
ton of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is not the correct ex .
P1anatton of (A)
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false. •
(D) (A) is False, but (R) is true.

17 . Assertion (A): Alloys are commonly used in ele~trical heatin .

and heaters. g devices like electric irons

9 EXAM POiNT ·~·----

 SCIENCE 11
~e~s~n (R): The resistivity of an alloy is generally higher than that of its constituent metals,
• ' bu~ the alloys have lower melting points than their constituent metals. •1

18. Assertion (A): Green plants are autotrophs

Reason (R): Plants synthesise or make their food from raw materials like CO2 and H2O
in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll. 1

19. Assertion (A): There~s..folding and drooping of Touch-me-not (Mimosa) leaves on

touching. It is a nastic piovement.
Reason (R): The me>i"tem.ent shown by Mimosa is neither towards nor away from the
~~~ 1
)

20. Assertion(A): The centre of curvature is not a part of the mirror. It lies outside its reflecting
surface.
Reason (R): The reflecting surface of a spherical mirror forms a part of a sphere. This
sphere has a centre. 1
' . .I • '

SECTIDN-B
Q. no. 21 to 26 are very short answer questions.
21. In the electrolysis of water:
a) Name the gas collected at the cathode and anode, respectively. 1
b) Why is the volume of one gas collected at one electrode double that of the other
electrode? Name this gas. . ,,1
22. Name the process by whichplanaria grows. Explain the basic features of this process.2

23. Pefine heredity 2

OR
Define ecosystem and two major components of ecosystem. l I

24. List two properties of the images formed by convex mirrors. Draw a ray diagram in
support of your answer. . 2
25. What happens to the image distance in the eye when we increase the distance of an object
from the eye? 2
26. Calculate the resistance of an electric bulb that allows a 10 A current when connected to a
2
220 V power source.
OR

What is the nature of the image formed on the retina of the eye?

SECTIDN-C
Q. no. 27 to 33 are short answer questions.

~ EXAMPOiNT
 SOENCE ~

f hydrogen gas, as s hown Ill

. th'
I I I :,
· . .
27 • In the following schematic diagram for the preparauon made? ° e
figure, what would happen if the following change!u::~e
j

~
'Jffll\lbe.._;;....,- - t
l>llute-'i-----t-
•ulJlhurtc
Acid
Zlnt ,cnnuln - J . - - _ _ . _ - J

t·
k=:::~~======r J 5
...___ ______r si1ffl'r'"
. d ti i~en in the test tube.
1
a) In place of zinc granules, the same amount of zmc us_ . ak
b) Instead of dilute sulphuric acid, dilute hydrochloric acid is t en. 1
c) In place of zinc, copper turnings are taken. 1
£ 1
28. a) l-low many isomers are possible for the compound with the mo1ecu1ar ormu a 1
C4Hs?
b) Draw the electron dot structure of the branched-chain isomer. 1
c) How will you prove that C 4H 8 and C 5H 10 are homologues? 1
29. a) Name the energy currency of the cell. Why is it called so? 2
b) How is it formed? •• 1
30. a) What is the gap between two neurons called? 1
b) How does information travel across this gap? 1
c) Name the part of the nervous system that connects the central nervous system (~S) to
~~p~. 1
31. Define pollination. Differentiate between self-pollination and cross-pollination . What is
the significance of pollination? 3
OR
Why did Mendel choose garden peas for his experiments?
32. Compute the heat generated while transferring 96000 coulomb of charge in one hour
through a potential difference of 50 V. 3
33. a) Draw magnetic field lines around a bar magnet. 3
b) Give one point of difference between uniform and non-uniform magnetic fields.

SECTIDN -D
Q. no. 34 to 36 are long answer questions.
34. a) What is a double displacement reaction? Explain with an exam
b) A small amount of quick lime is added to water in a beaker 1 2
p e.
( i) Name and define the type.of1reaction that has taken place •
. .&'. • 1
(ii) Write the balanced chem1ca equation 1or the above reactio d . f
the product formed. . . . n an the chemical nam; o
(iii) List two main observations of this reaction.
1
OR
a) Four samples, A, B, C and D, ch~nge the colour of the pH a
. h pink Blue and Orange. Their pH was recorded as 7 P per or solut~on to Green,
Re ddts • h 2
Whi h samples'•
have the h1g est amount of Hydrogen ion' ' I O•5 and 6 , re¥'ect1ve
r> r • 1
y.
cl • the de~reasing order of their pH. concentration?(A rrange the
samp es m ,
2
' I

Ira EXAM POiNT ~

 . SCIENCE m
very
b) Rahul fo~d ~at ~e Plaster of Paris, which he stored in a container, has become
n
hard and lost its bmd1ng nature. What is the reason for this? Also write a chemic al equatio
2
to represe nt the reaction taking place. '
c) Give anyone use of Plaster of Paris other than for plastering or smooth ening
1
of walls.

35. a) Draw a diagram of the human aliment ary canal and label the following: 2
i) Part in which starch digestio n starts
ii) Part in which bil~_stored
iii)Part in which ntttrie~ts are absorbed.
iv) Part in which "i~~.ri is absorbed.
b) Mentio n the role of HCl in the stomach. 1
c) What functio n is served by the following: 2
i) Anal Sphinc ter
ii) Villi
OR
2
a) Differe ntiate betwee n reflex actions and voluntary actions
2
b) What is the autonom ous nervous system? Name its components.
c) All informa tion from our environment is detected by specialised tips of some nerve
cells. Mentio n the name given to such tips and also mentio n their location. . 1
.
36. A spheric al mirror produce s an image of magnification -1.0 on a screen placed at a
distanc e of 30 cm from the pole of the mirror.
1
(i) Write the type of mirror in this case.
(ii) What is the focal length of the mii;-ror? • 2
(iii) What is the nature of the images formed? 2
OR
A narrow PQ of white light is passing through a glass prism ABC, as shown in the
diagram . Trace it on your answer sheet and show the path of the emergent beam as
observe d on the screen DE.
(i) Write the name and cause of the phenomenon observed. 2
1
(ii) Where else in nature is this phenomenon observed?
(iii) Based on this observation, state the conclusion which can be drawn about the
constituents of white light. 2

SEC TIDN -E
Q.no. 37 to 39 are case-based/data-based questions with 2 to 3 short sub-parts. Internal
choice is provide d in one of these sub-parts.
.
37. An ionic compou nd is a chemical compound in which an ionic bond holds ions together
An ionic bond is a type of bond in which two oppositely charged ions are held together. We
know that metal atoms have loosely bound valence electrons, and non-metals need
electrons in their outermost shell to attain noble gas configuration. So, metal loses
electro fJ 1t~hich are accepted by metals to form ionic compounds. These compounds are
genera11;l~olids, are hard and have high melting and boiling points.
2
a) Sh~~ the formation ?f sodi~ o~ide using electron dot struc~f J:jL .~,''
1
b) List any two properties of an tome compound

f~ EXAM POiNT _,_"'..........,,""'......,....;...

 SCIENCE ~
. be disso lved and one in
c) Give an example of a solvent in which 1on1c . . pounds can I
com
which they cannot be dissolved.
OR
. .
c) Why do 1oruc compounds in the solid state not conduct electricity? I
h
• . to keep t e coun o the t f
38. Mend el blended his knowledge of science and mathe~auc
sH obser ved a numb er of
individual exhibiting a particular trait in each generat~on.
fie Id. He cond ucted many
contrasting visible characters controlled in pea plants tn a
ie
experiments to arrive at the laws of inheritance. 0
' : \ rt plant s with wrinkled
i) What do the F 1 progeny of tall plants with round seeds an O
s
.. seeds look like? 1
'1
n) What are recessive traits?
iii)M entio n the type of the new combination of plants obtained . 2 1 ·th
in F proge ny a ong WI
their ratio. If F 1 progeny was allowed to self-pollinate 2
• OR h . .
iii) If 1600 plants were obtained in F progeny, write the numb
2 er of plant s aving traits.
a) Tall with round seeds 2
b) Short with wrinkled seeds
39. Andr e Mari e Ampe re suggested that a magnet must exert an
equal and oppo site force on a
current-carrying conductor, which was experimentally found to
be true. But we know that
curre nt is due to charges in motion. Thus, it is clear that a charg
e movi ng in a magnetic
field experiences a force, except when it is moving in a direc
tion paral lel to it. If the
direc tion of motio n is perpendicular to the direction of the magn
etic field, the magnitude
of force exper ience d depends on the charge, velocity ( v ), streng
th of magn etic field ( B ),
and sine of the angle between v and B. The direction of magn
etic force is given by
Flem ing's left-hand rule.
Left{'8nd

-----.Magnetic
.- field

Foree or Motion

(i) If an electron is travelling horizontally towards the east A magn

. • .c. h t· fi Id . . ll
downward direc tion exerts a 1orce on t e electron along • e 1c 1e 1n a verttca y
a) east 1
b) west
c) north
d) south.
(ii) If a charged particle is moving along a magnetic field line
particle is Th
• e magn etic force on the
a) along its velocity
b) opposite to its velocity
1
c) perpendicular to its velocity
d) zero. '
(iii) Choo se the option and explain.

[_I EXAMPOiNT
 SCIENCE ~
A magnetic field exerts no force on 2
a) a stationary electric charge
b) a magnet
c) an electric charge moving perpendicular to its direction
d) an unmagneti sed iron bar.
OR
(iv) Choose the option and explain.
A uniform magnetic field exists in the plane of paper, pointing from left to right, as shown
in the figure. In the field, an electron and a proton move, as shown. The electron and the
proton experience '. 2 bni; ,
Proton
'

Unltorm

_
_ _,.__.....,_.. .,- Mapetk
_,.__.....,_ ,..~ Fl~d

Eledron

a) forces both pointing into the plane of the paper

b) forces both pointing out of the plane of paper
c) forces pointing into the plane of the paper and out of the plane of the paper, respectively
d) force pointing opposite and along the direction of the uniform magnetic field,
respectively.

• ANSWERS
1. c) 16 covalent bonds
Pentane {CsH12) consists of 5 carbon atoms and 12 hydrogen atoms. Each carbon atom
forms four covalent bonds. •
2. c) Zinc granules dissolve in sodium hydroxide solution, liberate hydrogen and sodium
zincate is fonn~d.
In this reaction, zinc dissolves in the sodium hydroxide solution, and hydrogen gas is
liberated.
3. c) Magnesium ribbon burns with brilliant white light.
Magnesium ribbon, when reacting with oxygen to produce magnesium oxide, burns with a
bright white flame.
4. c) CH4 + Cl2 hv> CH3Cl + HCl

When one atom or group of atoms is replaced by some other atom or group of atoms, it is
known as a substitution reaction.

5. d) NaCl, NaHC03, Na2C03

Salt A is common salt, ie. NaCl. Salt B and sodium bicarbonate are also obtained from
NaCl. On heating NaHCQ3, it converts into Na2C03, which is used for glass manufacturing.
i tqo 'Jrl
6. a) i and iii.

= EXAMPOiNT
 • :. SCIENCE I I
C .a-. nt strUctures are called isolller
ompounds having the same molecular formula but d111ere s.
Butane is C4ff 10. (i) is n-butane (iii) being iso-butane.
7 • a) Calcium
.
0 xygen reacts with . hich is an ionic compound having
calcium to form calcium oxide, w mbine with iron t £ a
high melting point and is also soluble in water. Oxygen can a1.so co
O 0
nn
• .d . . t luble m water.
iron ox1 e, which has a high melting point but ts no so
8. c) Plastics
Plastics are an example of a non-biodegradable waste
9. d) Anther -
Anther produces pollen grains that carry male gametes.
10. a) Dominance .
11. c) Cytoplasm .
The first step of the breakdown of glucose is the same for all ~roc:ss~s of respiration. i.e.,
glucose is broken down to a 3-carbon compound called pyruvic acid in the cytoplasm.
12. a) Synapse
A synapse is the junction between two neurons.

13. b) Vector quantity

Since the magnetic field has both magnitude and direction, it is considered a vector quantity.
14. b) Material

. The electrical resistivity of a metallic wire depends upon its thickness.

15. c) Lesser than 1
The magnification in the rearview mirror of the vehicle is less than one.

16. c) 0 degree
Since we know Li = Lr for reflecting surfaces, therefore if the angle of reflection is zero,
then the angle of incidence will also be zero. .

17. (C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.

The resistivity and melting points of alloys are higher than their const·tu t t
. 1
i en meas.
18 _(A) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) ts the correct explanation of {A)
19 _(A) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of {A).
20 _(A) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)~

21 • a) Hydrogen gas is produced at the1cathode,

1
and chlorine gas •·s
d .
d d
pro uced at the ano e.
b) The number of hydrogen mo ecu es pro uced 1s twice th t f Ies
h l tr I • f t • h a o oxygen mo1ecu •
Therefore, during t e edec od ~s12s· lo wa er, It as been shown that the volume ratio of
hydrogen to oxygen pro uce ts ••
22 • Planaria reproduce
•
through a process called regeneration. It is ca . d
d k I b me out
,
by
. 1·sed
spec1a 1
11 that prohferate an ma e a arge num er of cells. Th. o
cea.s . ti·on to form various cell types and tissues ts mass of cells underg
diueren1ta •

t; ~
~
EXAM POiHT
-
 SCIENCE I
•• 23 - The process by which traits and characteristics are reliably inherited or transmitted from
the parents to the offspring is called heredity. •, ,.
OR -
All the intera
.• • 11v1ng
ct tng • • organisms
• •
man area, together with the non-living components of
the envrronment, form an ecosystem. Two main components of the ecosystem are Abiotic
components and Biotic components.
24. Convex mirrors always form diminished, virtual and erect images.

B C

I J
.N

25. When we increase the distance of an object from the eye, the image distance in the eye
remains the same 'because the eye adjusts its focal length through the process of
accommodation. The eye lens changes shape to focus the light from distant objects directly
onto the retina, maintaining a constant image distance.
26. It is given from the question that an electric bulb allows a 10 A current when connected to
a 220 V power source. Therefore,

I= 10 A. ! ;

V = 220V •I I' •

V • I

R=T
220 ,I

10
= 22 ohm
·' OR
The image formed on the retina of the eye is real and inverted. Light rays from an object
converge through the eye's lens to form a smaller, upside-down image on the retina, which
the brain then interprets
I
~s right-side-up.
. t

27. a) Zinc dust has a greater surface area compared to zinc granules. Ifthe same quantity of
zinc dust is used in the test tube, the reaction will occur more rapidly, resulting in a higher
rate and the same amount of hydrogen gas evolution.
b) When treated with dilute hydrochloric acid, a roughly equal amount of gas is produced.
. ) c er turnings do not produce hydrogen gas because copper is less reactive and hence
ccannot
oppdisplace hydrogen present in the acids. So, tt • does not react wt"th d1·1ute su1phunc
•
acid or HCl. Therefore, no reaction will occur.
( ' ' 11

I~

• '

rr: s
c~. EXAM POiNT
 SCIENCE I
la but different structural
28 • a ) Isomers are compounds having the same mo IecuIar fonnu
formulas. The isomers of C4Hs are
CH3 - CH -=CH--CH3
but -2· cno

CH3- CH2 - CH-CH3

1,u,.1.enc

c~
I
cH3 -c- cH1
W01'
2-mcthy)-prop-1-one

CH2 - - C H2
l
.
~6 2f j
I I
c~ cH2·
Cvclobutanc
There are 4 isomers of compound with molecular formula C4Hs. - . .
b) The electron dot structure of the branched isomer of C4Hs, i.e. (2-methylpropene), ts.

. .
X
H
c) C 4Hs is an alkene with the general forinula CnH2n, where n = 4. The next homologues
will have a value ofn = 5. Its molecular formula will be CsH2xs, i.e.C5H 10. Also, both have
the same functional group (alkane) and differ by the "-CH2" group. Hence, they are
homologues.
29. a) Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is known as the energy currency of a cell as it is used to
supply energy in the cells for _various functions such as contraction of muscles, protein
synthesis, conduction of nerve impulses, etc. ·
b) Energy release~ durin~ respiration is used to make ATP molecules from ADP ( adenosine
diphosphate) and 1norgan1c phosphate.
ADP +'p ➔ ATP
30. a) Synapse .
b) At the end of the axon, the electrical impulse sets off the release of h . II d
neurotransmitters. These chermcals• some c em1cals ca e
cross the gap or synapse and start . . . al
• • •
impulse 1n the dendrites of the next neuron. a simtlar electnc
c) Cranial and spinal nerves of the peripheral nervous system conn t th
, system (CNS) with body parts. . ec e central nervous
31 . Pollination is the transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the sti .
water, and animals are the pollinating agents. gtna of a flower. Wind,
Self-pollination is the transfer of pollens to the stigma of th

flower. The significance of pollination is that it leads to fertilis t

pollination, pollens are transferred from the anther of one flowee :ame fl~wer. In Cross•
O
tbe stigma of another
embryos. i.e'., the male gamete.present in the poll~n grain fuset~~:: the_~~oducti_on of
ary and results in the formation of a zygote, which develops . t egg p~esent 1n the
ov . in o an embryo.- ,
- EXAMPOiNT
 SCIENCE I
~ OR·
Men del selec ted garde n peas for his expe rimen ts due to the
follo wing reaso ns:
• Gard en pea flowe rs are norm ally self-pollinated but can
be easil y cross -poll inate d
• Pure breed ing varie ties of peas are available
• Man y varie ties with distingl;lished contr astin g chara cters
are prese nt. E.g., Roun d and
wrin kled seed
• A singl e plant can prod uce many seeds
• It is very easy to grow
• Shor t lifesp an
32. The given infor matio n is as show n below.
Char ge trans ferre d, Q = 9600 0
Poten tial diffe rence , V = 5 O V.
Heat gene rated , H VQ =
= 50 X 9600 0
= 4800 000j
= 4.8 X 106 j
The heat gene rated while transferring 96000 coulo mb of charg
e in one hour
throu gh a poten tial difference of 50 V is 4.8 x 106 j
33. The magn etic field lines aroun d a bar magn et are as follo
ws:

Unif orm magn etic field lines are parallel, but non- unifo rm magn
etic field lines are non-
parallel.
34. a) The chem ical react ions in whic h ions are exch ange d betw
een two react ants to form two
new comp ound s are calle d double displacement reactions.
The react ion ·betw een sodiu m
sulph ate and bariu m chlor ide is an exam ple of a doub le displ
acem ent reaction. A whit e
preci pitate of bariu m sulph ate is formed by exch angin g S042
- and c1- ions, respectively.
N a2S04(aq)+BaCl2(aq) -+BaSQ4(s)+2Na Cl(aq)
b) (i) The react ion of quick lime with wate r is an exam ple
of a comb inati on react ion. A
comb inati on react ion is a react ion in whic h two or more react
ants comb ine to form a singl e
product.
(ii) The balan ced chem ical equa tion for the react ion betw een
quick lime and wate r is
CaO( s) + H20 (l)-+ Ca(OH)2(aq)
Toe chem ical name of the prod uct is calci um hydro xide/ slake
d lime.
(iii) • A signi fican t increase in temp eratu re when wate r is adde
d to calci um oxide .
• Reac tion takes place vigorously.
~fff~ I
OR
a) Sart,l~)e B has a lowe r P1:1• he~ce the highe r hydr ogen ion co!lce
~tr,~nol),. The s!llllples in •
the decre asing order ofthe rr pH ts C >A> D > B.
1• . ••
ti 2tl1r
 SCIENCE
I I d .
b) P • : • phere an ts converted int
. the annos o
laster of Paris reacts with the moisture present in '
gypsum.
1 C S04.2J-I20
Ca So4.!.H2O + l-H20 ~ a
2 2

c) Used for making fireproof materials.

35. a)

Diagra1n of hu1uan alhne11tnry cattnl

i1>Iq 21
(, ') .

,{·----~--:~i'
t •. ·-~--~ -
Mouth (Bucoal cavity)
· tarts
•'\<~ • (I) Starch digestions me
t: ..\ due to salivary amylase enzy
) "' which Is present In saflva
,,,.
~. _,,. ,.,,---·-·~
/ / ,,,,
'--·- .

i
l
i I
l I
1
Gall bladder I
(ii) Stores bile
·temporarily which
is produced b}' liver
'Small Intestine .
~ - ~ t - - - ; ; 7 (iii) Nutrients are absorbed
through the epithelial surlace
of the vlflf of small Intestine

!
i Large Intestine (Colon)
. {Iv) ·water Is absorbed

b) Concentrated Hydrochloric acid in the stomach makes the pH of the stomach acidic so
that the enzyme can act on the food. It also acts as an anti-microbial agent and kills genns
present in the food.

c) i) Anal sphincter regulates the exit of undigested waste material.

ii) Villi increases the surface available for absorption in the small intestine.
OR
a)
Reflex actions -
Voluntary actions
• Controlled by the spinal cord
• -
They are controlled by the brain _
,. • Involuntary actions that occur
•
without the will of the individual These actions occur with the will
of the individual _
• These actions involve reflex arc
•
. These actions do not involve reflex
" I•

arc
• Example: Knee jerk reflex
Example: Walking
b) The specific set of nerves that mainly controls and int
• -
organs is called the autonomous nervous system It c egrates the functions of interna1
0
heart blood vessels, glands, 1ungs, stomach and uteru
• ntrols
. the b o d y organs sueh as the
de; the control of our will. The autonomic nervous sin the body; these are not directIY
un -sympathetic nervous system. Both the system h system c_ons1sts . of Sympathetic and
para th th ·nh·b· as oppos t .
if one stimulates the organ, e o er I I its its action I e effects on an organ. i.e.,
(IJ <'l fy. . ,,
 SCIENCE ~

c) :pecialised tips of nerve cells are called receptors. They are located in our sense organs.
. xampl~s are gustatory receptors of the tongue, olfactory receptors of the nose, etc.
36 • {t) The mirror is a concave mirror.
(ii) Distance the image from the mirror= -30 cm
Magnificatio n, m = .::!
u
.Herem= -1 and v = -30 cm
-1 = _ (-30)
u
:. u = -30 cm
As v = u, The object is placed at the centre of curvature. Therefore, the focal length of
the mirror,
-30
[=-=-1 5cm
(iii) The image formed is real and inverted ~d of the same size as the object.

OR
(i) The phenomenon of the splitting up of the white light into its constituents' colours is
called dispersion of light. Dispersion of light is caused due to different constituents and
colours of light after different refractive indices to the material of the prism.
(ii) The formation of a rainbow is caused by the dispersion of the white sunlight into its
constituent colours.
(iii) Based on the dispersion of white light into its constituents' colours, we can conclude
that
(a) The white light consists of seven colours.
(b) The violet light Miller's maximum deviations, and the red light suffers minimum
deviation.

37. a) Na~ Na++ le-

0 + 2e- ~ 0 2-
Na~. 2
Nao9 : ► [Nar[:§~ -[Nar
b) (i) Ionic compounds have high melting points as a strong electrostatic force of attraction
holds their particles together.
(ii) Soluble in water and insoluble in kerosene, ether, etc.
(iii) Ionic compounds are good conductors in a liquid and aqueous state.
c) Ionic compounds are soluble in water and insoluble in organic solvents like kerosene,
ether, etc.
OR '

c) Ionic compounds in the solid state do not conduct electricity because the movement of
ions in the solid is not possible due to their rigid structure. But ionic compounds conduct
electricity in the molten state.

38. i) The iW~rogeny contains tall p!ants with round se~ds ~ecause th~y are the dominant trait.
ii) Recessive traits are th~se ~alts of character wh~ch 1s _masked 1n ?1....e 1]:r~, generation and
reappear in the F2 generation. 1.e., the short plant with wrinkled seed 1s the recessive trait

~~ EXAM POiNT
 SCIENCE
I I
• :• binatio ns o b tame
• d.
m F2
••• )
111 . . . types of com ·nkl d seeds.
After self-polhnation in F 1 progeny different ith wrt e
progen y are short plants with round se~ds and tall plants w
11rr
short with
TmR
'fall wilh
X wrinkled~
ro\D\d utd

..............._..,.,,,_ .~/
.............. r""",,.,,.,.,~
................~,,,, 1 bl~
2i
llRt
Tllll \\'ith , ~niv<.
...;
round ,ccd
-
tr
TR Tr
tR -
TtRr
TTRR TtRR TTRr
TR Tall Round
Tall Round Tntl Round Tall Round

TtRR TtRr ttRr

tR ttRR
Tall Round Short Ro.und Tall Round Short Round

TTRr TTRr Ttrr

Tr TtRr
Tall Round Tall Round Tall wrinkled Tall wrinkled

TtRr ttRr Ttrr ttrr

tr
Tall Ra.und Short Round Tall wrinkled Short vninkled

OR
a) Total numbe r of plants in F2 generation = 1600
Phenot ypic ratio of plants in F2 generation
= Tall Round: Short Round: Tall Wrinkled: Short wrinkled = 9 : 3 : 3: 1
No: of Tall plants with round seeds = ~ x 1600 900 =
b) No: of short plants with wrinkled seeds =~ x 1600 = 100

39. (i) d) South

Flemin g's left-hand rule is used to determine the direction of h
in the south direction. .
t e force on an electron, i.e.,
(ii) d) Zero
The angle betwee n velocity and magnetic field is zero. Th .
the particle is zero. erefore , the magne tic force on
(iii) a) a stationary electric charge
A magne tic field exerts a force on moving elect .
•
materia ls under certain cond'1ttons.
• A
magnetic field dnc charges, magne ts and magnett·c
electric charge. oes note '
Xert any force on a stationarY

OR
(iv) a) forces both pointing into the plane of the Paper.
 SCIENCE

To dete_nnine the direction of the force experienced by a charged particle moving in a

magnetic field, we use Fleming's left-hand rule.
.,
• Index fmger: Points in the direction of the magnetic field (left to right)
• Middle fmger: Points in the direction of the current (or the direction of motion of a
positive charge)
• Thumb: Points in the direction of the force experienced by the positive charge
For the proton:
• The magnetic field is from left to right.
• The proton is moving upwards.
• Applying Fleming's left-hand rule, the thumb points into the plane of the paper.
For the electron:
• The magnetic field is from left to right.
• The electron is moving downwards, which is equivalent to a positive charge moving
upwards.
• Applying Fleming's left-hand rule again, the thumb points into the plane of the paper.
Therefore, both the electron and the proton experience forces pointing into the plane of the
paper.

• • .l

• ii tnrl