Reinforced concrete structures II – Two-way slab Example
Example 3.2 Two Way slab design
1. Design the two-way slab beam supported floor system if it is intended to be used for office
building, assume the partition wall load to be 2 𝐾𝑁⁄𝑚2 .
Use C25/30 S400 Cover 25 mm
Solution
Step 1: Material property
0.85∗25
▪ C25/30 fcd = = 𝟏𝟒. 𝟏𝟔𝟔𝟕 𝐌𝐩𝐚
1.5
𝑓𝑐𝑡𝑚 = 2.6 𝑚𝑝𝑎
400
• S400 fyd = = 𝟑𝟒𝟕. 𝟖𝟐𝟔 𝐌𝐩𝐚
1.15
Step 2: Depth determination
Assumption: - Slab is lightly reinforced (𝜌 = 0.5%)
𝜌𝑜 = √𝑓𝑐𝑘 ∗ 10−3 = √25 ∗ 10−3 = 5 ∗ 10−3 = 0.5%
𝑙 𝜌𝑜 𝜌𝑜 3⁄
➢ = 𝐾 [11 + 1.5√𝑓𝑐𝑘 + 3.2√𝑓𝑐𝑘 ( − 1) 2 ] ; 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝜌 ≤ 𝜌𝑜
𝑑 𝜌 𝜌
• For Panel 1, 2,3 and 4; From Table 7.4 N; K=1.3
• For Cantilever; From Table 7.4 N; K=0.4
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Reinforced concrete structures II – Two-way slab Example
500 500
• Because we used S400 multiply the value by correction factor( = = 1.25)
𝑓𝑦𝑘 400
𝑙 𝜌𝑜 𝜌𝑜 3⁄ 500
• = 𝐾 [11 + 1.5√𝑓𝑐𝑘 + 3.2√𝑓𝑐𝑘 ( − 1) 2] ∗
𝑑 𝜌 𝜌 𝑓𝑦𝑘
𝑙 0.5 0.5 3⁄
= 𝐾 [11 + 1.5√25 ∗ + 3.2√25( − 1) 2] ∗ 1.25
𝑑 0.5 0.5
𝒍
= 𝟐𝟑. 𝟏𝟐𝟓𝑲 𝒊
𝒅
➢ Use the following recommendations:
• Depth of concrete cover, Cc = 25 mm
• Reinforcement steel diameters =∅10mm
✓ 𝑫 = 𝒅 + 𝒄𝒄 + ∅⁄𝟐 𝒊𝒊
Panel Support Ly Lx Ly/Lx Slab type K lx/d d(mm) D(mm) DProv
condition (mm)
S1 End span 6 5 1.2 Two-Way 1.3 30.0625
166.320 196.320 200
S2 End span 5 5 1 Two-Way 1.3 30.0625
166.320 196.320 200
S3 End span 6 4 1.5 Two-Way 1.3 30.0625
133.056 163.056 200
S4 End span 5 4 1.25 Two-Way 1.3 30.0625
133.056 163.056 200
C-1 Cantilever 6 1.2 5 Cantilever 0.4 9.25 129.730 159.730 200
C-2 Cantilever 5 1.2 4.17 Cantilever 0.4 9.25 129.730 159.730 200
Step 3: Loading
❖ Permanent load
Floor finish 20 ∗ 10−3 ∗ 27 0.54𝐾𝑁⁄𝑚2
Cement screed 30 ∗ 10−3 ∗ 23 0.69 𝐾𝑁⁄𝑚2
RC slab 200 ∗ 10−3 ∗ 25 5 𝐾𝑁⁄𝑚2
Plastering 15 ∗ 10−3 ∗ 25 0.375 𝐾𝑁⁄𝑚2
Load from partition 2 𝐾𝑁⁄𝑚2
𝐺𝑘 = 8.605 𝑲𝑵⁄𝒎𝟐
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Reinforced concrete structures II – Two-way slab Example
❖ Variable Loading
For office 𝑄𝑘 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 2 𝑡𝑜 3 𝐾𝑁⁄𝑚2 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝑸𝑲 = 𝟑 𝑲𝑵⁄𝒎𝟐
➢ Design load for the slab
𝑃𝑑 = 1.35 𝐺𝑘 + 1.5 𝑸𝑲 = 1.35 ∗ 8.605 + 1.5 ∗ 3 =𝟏𝟔. 𝟏𝟏𝟔 𝑲𝑵⁄𝒎𝟐
Parapet wall on the cantilever
Using 20 cm HCB with height of 1.5 m
𝑃𝑑,𝑝𝑎𝑟 = 1.35(0.2 ∗ 1.5 ∗ 23) =𝟗. 𝟑𝟏𝟓𝑲𝑵
Step 4: Analysis
𝑀𝑠𝑥 = 𝛽𝑠𝑥𝑞𝑙𝑥2 𝑀𝑠𝑦 = 𝛽𝑠𝑦𝑞𝑙𝑥2 𝒒 = 𝟏𝟔. 𝟏𝟏𝟔 𝑲𝑵⁄𝒎𝟐
P Support 𝑙𝑦 𝑙𝑥 𝑙𝑦/𝑙x 𝛽𝑠𝑥,𝑠𝑢𝑝 𝛽𝑠𝑥,𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛 𝛽𝑠𝑦,𝑠𝑢𝑝 𝛽𝑠𝑦,𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛 𝑀𝑠𝑥,𝑠𝑢𝑝 𝑀𝑠𝑥,𝑠𝑝𝑎 𝑀𝑠𝑦,𝑠𝑢𝑝 𝑀𝑠𝑦,𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛
Type
1 * 6 5 1.2 0.063 0.047 0.045 0.034 25.383 18.936 18.131 13.699
2 * 5 5 1 0.047 0.036 0.045 0.034 18.936 14.504 18.131 13.699
3 ** 6 4 1.5 0.058 0.043 0.037 0.028 14.956 11.088 9.541 7.220
4 ** 5 4 1.25 0.05 0.0375 0.037 0.028 12.893 9.670 9.541 7.220
*Two adjacent edges discontinuous
**One short edge discontinuous
❖ Cantilever Taking 1 m strip
𝟏. 𝟐𝟐
𝑴 = 𝟏𝟔. 𝟏𝟏𝟔 ∗ + 𝟗. 𝟑𝟏𝟓 ∗ 𝟏. 𝟐 = 𝟐𝟐. 𝟕𝟖𝟐𝟐 𝑲𝑵𝒎⁄𝒎
𝟐
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Reinforced concrete structures II – Two-way slab Example
➢ The unadjusted design moment is given below
Step 5: Adjust the unequal edge moment
i.) Support moment adjustment
✓ Between panel 1 and panel 2 …….no need of support moment adjustment
✓ Between panel 3 and panel 4 …….no need of support moment adjustment
a) Between panel 1 and panel 3 ; between panel 3 and C-1
✓ Between panel 1 and 3
∆𝑀 = 𝑀𝐿 − 𝑀𝑆 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑀𝐿 − 𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑟 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑀𝑆 − 𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑟 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑀𝐿 −𝑀𝑆 25.383−14.956
∗ 100 = ∗ 100 = 𝟒𝟏. 𝟎𝟕𝟖% … Use distribution factor to determine adjusted moment
𝑀𝐿 25.383
✓ Between panel 3 and C-1
∆𝑀 = 22.782 − 14.956 = 7.826
∆𝑀 7.826
= ∗ 100 = 𝟑𝟒. 𝟑𝟓% … Use distribution factor to determine adjusted moment
𝑀𝐿 22.782
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Reinforced concrete structures II – Two-way slab Example
b) Between panel 2 and panel 4 ; between panel 4 and C-2
✓ Between panel 1 and 3
∆𝑀 = 18.936 − 12.983 = 6.044
∆𝑀 6.044
= ∗ 100 = 𝟑𝟏. 𝟗𝟐% … Use distribution factor to determine adjusted moment
𝑀𝐿 18.936
✓ Between panel 3 and C-1
∆𝑀 = 22.782 − 12.983 = 9.889
∆𝑀 9.889
= ∗ 100 = 𝟒𝟑. 𝟒𝟏% … Use distribution factor to determine adjusted moment
𝑀𝐿 22.782
Note: For the cantilever slabs the governing moment is the maximum of the two support moments
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Reinforced concrete structures II – Two-way slab Example
ii.) span moment adjustment
▪ If Msup is decreased, then field moments are increase to allow equilibrium compatibility.
▪ If Msup is increased, no field moment adjustment.
Span moment on panel 1
𝑀1 = (25.383 + 18.936) – 21.473= 22.846KN/m
Span moment on panel 2
𝑀2 = (18.936 + 14.505) – 16.67 = 16.771KN/m
Span moment on panel 3
Since the support moment increased, no field moment adjustment.
Span moment on panel 4
Since the support moment increased, no field moment adjustment.
➢ The adjusted design moment is given below
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Reinforced concrete structures II – Two-way slab Example
Step: 6 Design for flexure (Reinforcement Design)
✓ consider the following points
• width of slabs: unit width, b=1000mm, is used
• Depth of the two-way slabs and the cantilever: D= 200mm
• Depth of concrete cover: CC =25mm
• For both two-way slabs and cantilever =use ф10mm
❖ Reinforcement for the two-way slabs
a) At supports
• Effective depth: d =200mm-25mm-10/2= 170mm.
• Minimum steel area required:
𝑓 2.6
0.26 ∗ 𝑐𝑡𝑚 𝑏𝑡 𝑑 = 0.26 ∗ ∗ 1000 ∗ 170 = 𝟐𝟖𝟕. 𝟑𝒎𝒎𝟐
𝐴𝑆,𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝑚𝑎𝑥 { 𝑓 𝑦𝑘 400
0.0013𝑏𝑡 𝑑 = 0.013 ∗ 1000 ∗ 170 = 221𝑚𝑚2
3ℎ
• Spacing: 𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑥 ≤ { = 400𝑚𝑚
400
b) For panels in shorter direction
• Effective depth: d =200mm-25mm-10/2= 170mm.
• Minimum steel area required:
𝑓
0.26 ∗ 𝑐𝑡𝑚 𝑏𝑡 𝑑
𝐴𝑆,𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝑚𝑎𝑥 { 𝑓𝑦𝑘 = 𝟐𝟖𝟕. 𝟑𝒎𝒎𝟐
0.0013𝑏𝑡 𝑑
3ℎ
• 𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑥 ≤ { = 400𝑚𝑚
400
c) For panels in longer direction
• Effective depth: d =200mm-25mm-10-10/2= 160mm.
• Minimum steel area required:
𝑓
0.26 ∗ 𝑐𝑡𝑚 𝑏𝑡 𝑑
𝐴𝑆,𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝑚𝑎𝑥 { 𝑓𝑦𝑘 = 𝟐𝟕𝟎. 𝟒𝒎𝒎𝟐
0.0013𝑏𝑡 𝑑
3ℎ
• 𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑥 ≤ { = 400𝑚𝑚
400
❖ Reinforcement For the cantilever:
✓ At supports: the same as the two-way slab
✓ For panels in shorter direction: Reinforced with bars extended from the support.
✓ For panels in longer direction (secondary reinf).
• Effective depth: d =200mm-25mm-10-10/2= 160mm.
• Minimum steel area required:
𝑓
0.26 ∗ 𝑐𝑡𝑚 𝑏𝑡 𝑑
𝐴𝑆,𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝑚𝑎𝑥 { 𝑓𝑦𝑘 = 𝟐𝟕𝟎. 𝟒𝒎𝒎𝟐
0.0013𝑏𝑡 𝑑
3.5𝐷
• 𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑥 ≤ { = 450𝑚𝑚
450
Reinforced concrete structures II Page 7
Reinforced concrete structures II – Two-way slab Example
The following table is completed by using the following procedure
• 𝐌𝐬𝐝 𝐀
Msd • 𝐀 𝐬,𝐫𝐞𝐪 = max {A 𝐬
• 𝛍𝐬𝐝 = s,min
fcd bd2 𝝅∅𝟐
• 𝐙= • 𝒂𝒔 =
𝟒
𝐚𝐬 ∗𝐛
d⁄2 ∗ (1 + √1 − 2 ∗ μsd ) • 𝐒𝐫𝐞𝐪 =
𝐀𝐬,𝐫𝐞𝐪
Msd
• 𝐀𝐬 = 𝐚𝐬 ∗𝐛
Z∗fyd • 𝐀 𝐬,𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐯 ==
𝐒𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐯
f
0.26 ∗ ctm bt d
• 𝐀 𝐒,𝐦𝐢𝐧 = max { fyk
0.0013bt d
Location 𝐌𝐬𝐝 𝐝 𝛍 𝐳 𝐀𝐬 Asmin 𝐀𝐒,𝐫𝐞𝐪 𝐒𝐫𝐞𝐪 𝐒𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐯 𝐀𝐒,𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐯
Support b/n s1&s2 18.131 170 0.044 166.149 313.735 287.30 313.735 250.34 ∅𝟏𝟎 𝒄⁄𝒄 𝟐𝟓𝟎 314.16
Moment b/n s1&s3 21.473 170 0.052 165.418 373.204 287.30 373.204 210.45 ∅𝟏𝟎 𝒄⁄𝒄 𝟐𝟏𝟎 374.00
b/n s2&s4 16.670 170 0.041 166.466 287.905 287.30 287.905 272.80 ∅𝟏𝟎 𝒄⁄𝒄 𝟐𝟕𝟎 290.89
b/n s 3&s4 9.541 170 0.023 167.996 163.280 287.30 287.300 273.37 ∅𝟏𝟎 𝒄⁄𝒄 𝟐𝟕𝟎 290.89
b/n s3&C-1 22.782 170 0.056 165.131 396.645 287.30 396.645 198.01 ∅𝟏𝟎 𝒄⁄𝒄 𝟏𝟗𝟎 413.37
b/n s4&C-2 22.782 170 0.056 165.131 396.645 287.30 396.645 198.01 ∅𝟏𝟎 𝒄⁄𝒄 𝟏𝟗𝟎 413.37
Span S1 Mxf 22.846 170 0.056 165.117 397.793 287.30 397.793 197.44 ∅𝟏𝟎 𝒄⁄𝒄 𝟏𝟗𝟎 413.37
moment Myf 13.699 160 0.038 156.919 250.987 270.40 270.400 290.46 ∅𝟏𝟎 𝒄⁄𝒄 𝟐𝟗𝟎 270.83
S2 Mxf 16.771 170 0.041 166.444 289.687 287.30 289.687 271.12 ∅𝟏𝟎 𝒄⁄𝒄 𝟐𝟕𝟎 290.89
Myf 13.699 160 0.038 156.919 250.987 270.40 270.400 290.46 ∅𝟏𝟎 𝒄⁄𝒄 𝟐𝟗𝟎 270.83
S3 Mxf 11.088 170 0.027 167.666 190.128 287.30 287.300 273.37 ∅𝟏𝟎 𝒄⁄𝒄 𝟐𝟕𝟎 290.89
Myf 7.220 160 0.020 158.391 131.052 270.40 270.400 290.46 ∅𝟏𝟎 𝒄⁄𝒄 𝟐𝟗𝟎 270.83
S4 Mxf 9.670 170 0.024 167.968 165.515 287.30 287.300 273.37 ∅𝟏𝟎 𝒄⁄𝒄 𝟐𝟕𝟎 290.89
Myf 7.220 160 0.020 158.391 131.052 270.40 270.400 290.46 ∅𝟏𝟎 𝒄⁄𝒄 𝟐𝟗𝟎 270.83
✓ Secondary reinforcement for cantilever = 20% As main =0.2*396.645=79.329 𝑚𝑚2
Provide ∅𝟏𝟎 𝒄⁄𝒄 𝟐𝟗𝟎𝒎𝒎
Step 7: Check shear capacity of the slab
𝟏
𝐕𝐑𝐃,𝐂 = [𝑪𝑹𝒅,𝒄 ∗ 𝑲(𝟏𝟎𝟎𝝆𝟏 . 𝒇𝑪𝑲 )𝟑 + 𝑲𝟏 . 𝝈𝒄𝒑 ] 𝒃𝒘 . 𝒅 > (𝑽𝒎𝒊𝒏 + 𝑲𝟏 . 𝝈𝒄𝒑 ) 𝒃𝒘 . 𝒅 (𝒊)
𝒘𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆:
0.18 0.18
• 𝐶𝑅𝑑,𝑐 = = = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟐
𝛾𝑐 1.5
200 200
• 𝐾 =1+√ =1+√ = 2.085 ≤ 2. 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝐾 = 𝟐
𝑑 170
𝐴𝑠
• 𝜌1 = < 0.02
𝑏𝑤 𝑑
413.37
𝜌1 = { = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟐𝟒𝟑 ≤ 0.02
1000 ∗ 170
• 𝐾1 = 0.15
𝑁
• 𝜎𝑐𝑝 = 𝐸𝐷 < 0.2𝑓𝑐𝑑 = 𝟎 … … . ( 𝑁𝐸𝐷 = 0)
𝐴𝑆
• 𝑓𝐶𝐾 = 25MPa
Reinforced concrete structures II Page 8
Reinforced concrete structures II – Two-way slab Example
3 1
• 𝑉𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.035. 𝐾 2 . 𝑓𝑐𝑘 2 = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟗𝟓
• (𝑉𝑚𝑖𝑛 + 𝐾1 . 𝜎𝑐𝑝 )𝑏𝑤 . 𝑑 = (0.495 + 0.15 ∗ 0) ∗ 1000 ∗ 170 = 𝟖𝟒. 𝟏𝟒𝟔𝑲𝑵
1
➢ VRD,C = [0.12 ∗ 2(100 ∗ 0.00243 ∗ 25)3 + 0.15 ∗ 0] ∗ 1000 ∗ 170 = 𝟕𝟒. 𝟒𝟓𝑲𝑵
𝐕𝐑𝐃,𝐂 = 𝟖𝟒. 𝟏𝟒𝟔𝑲𝑵
✓ Taking one meter strip b=1000mm and d=170mm
Maximum acting shear
Assuming the beam width to be 200 mm
𝑉𝑠𝑑 = 𝑃𝑑(0.5𝑙𝑛 − 𝑑)𝑏𝑤
𝑝𝑑 = 16.116 𝐾𝑁⁄𝑚2 ; 𝑙𝑛 = 5 − 0.2 = 4.8 𝑚 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ
𝑉𝑠𝑑 = 16.116(0.5(4.8) − 0.17) ∗ 1
𝑉𝑠𝑑 = 35.940 𝐾𝑁
𝑉𝑅𝐷,𝐶 > 𝑉𝑠𝑑 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑡𝑒
❖ Check Depth for Flexure As Assignment
Reinforced concrete structures II Page 9
Reinforced concrete structures II – Two-way slab Example
Step 8: Detailing
1 ∅10 𝑐⁄𝑐 190 𝑚𝑚 6 ∅10 𝑐⁄𝑐 210 𝑚𝑚
2
∅10 𝑐⁄𝑐 270 𝑚𝑚 7 ∅10 𝑐⁄𝑐 270 𝑚𝑚
3 ∅10 𝑐⁄𝑐 290 𝑚𝑚 8 ∅10 𝑐⁄𝑐 270 𝑚𝑚
4 ∅10 𝑐⁄𝑐 270 𝑚𝑚 9 ∅10 𝑐⁄𝑐 190 𝑚𝑚
5 ∅10 𝑐⁄𝑐 250 𝑚𝑚 10 ∅10 𝑐⁄𝑐 290 𝑚𝑚
Reinforced concrete structures II Page 10
Reinforced concrete structures II – Two-way slab Example
Step 9: Load transfer to beam
✓ To consider pattern loading, load is transferred separately for dead and live load cases.
• Factored dead load = 1.35 ∗ 8.605 = 11.617 𝐾𝑁⁄𝑚2
• 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑙𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 = 1.5 ∗ 3 = 4.5 𝐾𝑁⁄𝑚2
• F𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑝𝑒𝑡 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 9.315 𝐾𝑁
𝑽𝒊 = 𝜷𝒗𝒊 𝒒𝒊 𝒍𝒙
✓ Case 1 Dead load
𝑞𝑖 = 11.617 𝐾𝑁⁄𝑚2
P Support 𝑙𝑦 𝑙𝑥 𝑙𝑦/𝑙x 𝒒𝒊 𝛽𝑣𝑥,𝑐 𝛽𝑣𝑥,𝑑 𝛽𝑣𝑦,𝑐 𝛽𝑣𝑦,𝑑 𝑉𝑥,𝑐 𝑉𝑥,𝑑 𝑉𝑦𝑐 𝑉𝑦𝑑
Type
1 * 6 5 1.2 11.617 0.47 0.31 0.4 0.26 27.299 18.006 23.234 15.102
2 * 5 5 1 11.617 0.4 0.26 0.4 0.26 23.234 15.102 23.234 15.102
3 ** 6 4 1.5 11.617 0.47 - 0.36 0.24 21.839 - 16.728 11.152
4 ** 5 4 1.25 11.617 0.43 - 0.36 0.24 19.981 - 16.728 11.152
*Two adjacent edges discontinuous
**One short edge discontinuous
✓ Case 2 Live load
𝑞𝑖 = 4.5 𝐾𝑁⁄𝑚2
P Support 𝑙𝑦 𝑙𝑥 𝑙𝑦/𝑙x 𝑞𝑖 𝛽𝑣𝑥,𝑐 𝛽𝑣𝑥,𝑑 𝛽𝑣𝑦,𝑐 𝛽𝑣𝑦,𝑑 𝑉x,𝑐 𝑉𝑥,𝑑 Vy,𝑐 Vyd
Type
1 * 6 5 1.2 4.5 0.47 0.31 0.4 0.26 10.575 6.975 9.000 5.850
2 * 5 5 1 4.5 0.4 0.26 0.4 0.26 9.000 5.850 9.000 5.850
3 ** 6 4 1.5 4.5 0.47 - 0.36 0.24 8.460 6.480 4.320
4 ** 5 4 1.25 4.5 0.43 - 0.36 0.24 7.740 6.480 4.320
*Two adjacent edges discontinuous
**One short edge discontinuous
✓ Load transfer on the cantilever part
Dead load case only 𝑉 = 23.2551 𝐾𝑁
Live load case only V=5.4KN
Reinforced concrete structures II Page 11
Reinforced concrete structures II – Two-way slab Example
Load on beam due to dead load only
Load on beam due to live load only
Reinforced concrete structures II Page 12
Reinforced concrete structures II – Two-way slab Example
❖ Loading on beam
• Load from slab
• partition load directly supported on the beam
• Own weight of the beam
✓ For this particular case without partition load on beam and excluding the self-weight.
❖ The load on axis 2 will be
▪ Maximum span moment at AB
▪ Maximum span moment at BC
▪ Maximum support moment at B
Reinforced concrete structures II Page 13
