ICT
ICT
INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION AND
COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES
(WEEK-1)
INTRODUCTION TO ICT
Lecturer
Hira Faisal
INSTRUCTOR INTRODUCTION
CLASS INTRODUCTION
COURSE GRADING POLICY
▪ Assignment = 10%
▪ Quiz = 10%
▪ Class Participation and Attendance = 10%
▪ Presentations and projects = 10%
▪ Mid-Term = 25%
▪ Final Exam = 35%
Week 1
What comes to your mind when you
hear the term ICT?
What is a computer?
What is a computer?
• A computer is a machine that executes sequences of instructions that
process data.
• It is common for the popular computers that both instructions and data
reside into the memory.
• Modern computers use specialized system level software to perform many
common tasks needed for their everyday operation.
• Such systems are usually called operating systems
What is a computer?
•A computer is a general-purpose electronic machine that
receives / accepts, processes, stores and output data
into meaningful information..
What exists into a computer?
How does the computer operate?
How does the computer operate?
• The of instructions used by the computer to process data are
combined into computer programs.
• Combination of programs, libraries and other data (like
documentation or digital media) is called software.
Types of Software
• There exist two main types of software:
• – Application software – This category includes software used by
end users to accomplish specific task (like video playing, online
shopping or information processing)
•– System software – This category includes software used to
control the hardware, like provision of basic functionalities
required by users, or to enable execution of other software.
How does a Software develop?
How does a Software develop?
• All kinds of computer software is usually developed by use of
programming languages.
• There are many languages, each suited for specific purposes.
• Some of the popular general-purpose programming languages are:
• C/C++
• Java
• Python
How does a Software develop?
How does a Software is develop?
• Not everything about successful development of a software is about programming
• Software engineering is the discipline that deals with all activities that should be
carried out in software development:
• Requirements gathering
• Design
• Implementation
• Testing
• Maintenance
DEFINE IS ICT?
WHAT IS ICT?
•ICT means information and communication technology
•It refers to the integration of technology for creating,
sharing, storing, and processing information.
Why is ICT important in today’s world?
Why is ICT important in today’s world?
• ICT is crucial because it:
• Enhances global connectivity.
• Improves business efficiency.
• Supports education through e-learning platforms.
• Enables automation in industries.
Can you name some ICT tools used for
communication?
What happens behind the scenes when
you send a message?
Do you think the message is sent directly to the
recipient, or does it pass through different systems?
Data Travels Through Networks
• Data is broken into small packets for transmission.
• These packets travel through wired (fiber optics,
ethernet) or
wireless (wi-fi, mobile networks) connections to reach the
recipient.
What Are Protocols?
What Are Protocols?
• Protocols are standardized sets of rules or guidelines that enable devices to
communicate effectively over a network.
• These rules ensure that data is:
• Transmitted accurately.
• Received in the correct order.
• Understood by both the sender and receiver, even if they use different
hardware or software.
Can you name any protocol you’ve heard of?
Can you name any protocol you’ve heard of?
•Protocols are sets of rules ensuring reliable data transmission.
•Examples:
•HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol): For web pages.
•SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol): For sending emails.
•TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol): Governs packet transfer.
HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol): For Web Pages
• Purpose: HTTP governs how web browsers and servers communicate.
• How It Works: When you type a URL in a browser, the browser sends
an HTTP request to the web server. The server responds with an HTTP
reply, delivering the requested web page.
• Why It’s Important: Enables the smooth delivery of websites over the
Internet. The secure version, HTTPS, encrypts data for safer
transactions.
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol): For Sending Emails
• Purpose: SMTP handles the sending and forwarding of emails between
servers.
• How It Works: When you send an email, your email client (e.g., Gmail,
Outlook) uses SMTP to send the message to the recipient’s email
server.
• Why It’s Important: Ensures emails are sent efficiently and routed
correctly, even across multiple servers
TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol):
Governs Packet Transfer
• Purpose: TCP/IP ensures reliable delivery of data packets across networks.
• How It Works:
• TCP: Splits data into packets, ensures they are sent and received correctly, and
reassembles them in order.
• IP: Assigns unique addresses (IP addresses) to devices and ensures packets reach
the correct destination.
• Why It’s Important: Makes the Internet possible by connecting billions of devices
worldwide.
What might happen if there were no common
protocols for communication?
How Networks Work?
How Networks Work?
• Networks connect devices to share information.
• Types of networks:
• LAN: Small area, like an office or home.
• WAN: Wide area, like the internet.
• Network devices: routers, switches, and modems.
