_ Simplification ‘Sean GR Code {for Watching Video iste hme Lie ene |, BODMAS’ Rule: This rule depicts the correct sequence in ‘which the operations are to be executed, tos to find out the value of a given expression. Here, ‘B’ stands for ‘Bracket’, ‘O’ for ‘of’, ‘D’ for ‘Division’, ‘M’ for ‘Multiplication’, ‘A’ for ‘Addition’ and 'S’ for ‘Subtraction’, Thus, in smelly an expression, first of all the brackets must be removed, strictly in the order ( ) (Vand Uh ‘After removing the brackets, we must use the following operations strictly in the order: @ of (i) Division _ (iii) Multiplication (iv) Addition (v) Subtraction: J. Modulus of a Real Number: Modulus of a real number a is defined as tar { i a>0 Vag, fa <0 ‘Thus, |5] =5 and |-5| =-(5)=5. |i. Vimaculum (or Bar): When an expression contains Vimaculum, before applying the ‘BODMAS' rule, we simplify the expression under the Virnaculum. {IV. Some Important Formulae: : @)@+bP = (2 +P + 20) (i) (@- bP = (@ + P - dab) (i) @+ BP + (@- bP = AE 4 BH) — (io) (a + BP - (@- bY = Aad | @@-P=@+bH@-b) (vi) (@ + bP = a3 + B + Bab(a + b) (oii) (a - bP = o - BF - 3ab(a - b) (viii) (@ + B) = (a + B) (@? - ab + BP) (a) @- B) = @-b) @ + ab +P) () @+b+ cP =at+P +c + 2Aab + be + ca) (a) 3 + B + 2 - Babe = (a +b +0) (@2 + + ab - be - ca) V. For any two sets A and B, we have: : () (A ~ B) + n(4 9 B) = nA) (i)-m(B - A) + mA m9 B) = n(B) | Gi) n(A UB) = n(A - B) + (A 1B) + 1B - A) | @) m4 v B) = n(A) + n(B) - (A 9B), SOLVED EXAMPLES Ex. 1, 4368 + 2158 - 596 -? = 3421 + 1262 (Bank P.0,, 2009) Sol. Let 4368 + 2158 — 596 - x = 3421 + 1262 => x +596 = (4368 + 2158) - (3421 + 1262) => x + 596 = 6526 - 4683 = 1843 61=> x = 1843 — 596 = 1247. Bank Reer Hence, required number = 1247. Ex. 2, 3456'+ 12 + 8 =? Sol. Given expression = se +8 = 288 +8=36. oa Ex, 3. 13 x 252 + 42 + 170 =? + 47 Sol. Let 13 x 252 + 42 +170 = x + 47. Then, cypera ot = 28 oe 13x 22 sexes a isx64=20 7 => x = 248 - 47 = 201 Hence, required number = 201. Bank pg Ex. 4. Simplify: (a) 460 x 15 - 5 x 20 t ag) Moree isis isia 4142+ AQ Sol. (@) Given expression = 6900 - 100 = 6800. +1 efrsrefisrea(te3)} nefrvtefiere§l]e = 5 refterefte fete refte§] 4 B 8 5 5 a1+841 = Ix2+1=241-2 eta i} aa 4) Given expression = 2 2Nhad ofrerefier} 1e[retx3] +1 . efi Ex. 5. Find the missing numeral: (a) (2 ~ 2763) + 86 x 13 = 208 (L1cAno, (b) 3565 + 23 + 4675 +? = 430 Bank Recritne Sol. (a) Let (x - 2763) + 86 x 13 = 208. (x-2763) (x =2763) _ 208 hen, —*———-x 13 = 208 => ——__—- = —_ = 1 Yao ge is => (x - 2763) = 16 x 86 = 1376 => x = 1376 + 2763 = 4139, (©) Let 3565 + 23 + 4675 + x = 430. 4675 = 155+ = 430 x 4675 = = = 490 - 155 = 275 = x = 4675 _ x xo. 64+64+646)+6 Oh 3x54344 At4t de dnd Smart 645x444 any 2446 4 5 7 4444441 13° 5x543x2_ 2546 31 6+ 8x43 6425 31 . Ex. 6. Simplify: (a) Sol. (a) Given expression = () Given expression = | question marks in t 128-+16x2-7x2_ | a bi the following equation? =8x6+?? 128 + 16xx-7x2 7? -8x6+x" Sol. Let1+ 2 2-8 +15=0 0 > x(x ~ 3) - 5(x - 3) SEDO pe IB Hence, missing number is 3 or 5, gx. 8. Simplify: (a) 108+ 3607 74 2x gh 5 (Pcs, 2009) age (2+8) 13193 10)" 10 10" 3636" Ex. 9. What value will replace the question mark in the following equation? ae 1_ag2 4543242422 2132 2°°6 eet = 0,551, 15,1006 3, +5.25=7 7 "700" 10 “14 "525-147" Ex. 12. Simplify: b- [b- (a+b) - (b-(b-a—6)} + 2a]. Sol. Given exp. = b- [b- (a +b) - (b- (b-@ + B)} + 2a] = [b-a-b-{b-(2b-a)} + 2a]Ex. 13. If x + y = 23 and xy = 126, what is the value of Sok ty = Bs (eryraCaraswazehr rye ate pr2n 1-59 oer P=5 2 Sol. ba - {b- 2b +a) + 2a) =b--a-(-b +a) + 2a =b-[-a+b-a4 2) =b-b=0. e+ Ph doy any a42e at 2y_ gay ey a-2x a-2y Any 4 aay ~2y ~ xy — xx + y) xty xty _2xQy exe y) WOxexry) Gy +s) , 2x(2y = x- y* 2y(2x-x-y) (y-x) Sea 2x 3x=2 x02, 3 29 (x+y) &-y) Bank Recr ey, May Mca,Simplification #65 __ z 3x . x 18. () If 4x + 5y = 83 and ayn gpe then what is the value of y ~ x? Bank P.O., 2008) oe 3 GO 4G 71, then find the value of x. 3x_21 1 2» > =>> =x, z $0 ay Dy" "5 "WY = a 28 4x45y Sd Try + Sy =83-2 By 4 5y 03 83 Spy Bs yw Hat, =13x-2x+6=12ox=6. x+ 123 Be 18: Ife + Sy = 34 and <“¥ og then find the value of 5y + 7x. Sol. The given equations are: 2x + 3y= 34 ~O and, 5428 => 8x+8y=13y > 8x-Sy=0 ii) Multiplying (i) by 5, (ii) by 3 and adding, we get: 34x = 170 or x = 5. Putting x = 5 in (i), we get: 2 By + 2x = (6x 847% 5) = 40435 =75, 1 2.3.5 2.3 ot x 20.The value (1822.3) (3 S)(Fde8) i (ssc cL, 2000 ~ 14) (39 oa" a) 2 5 7 7 10= 82 ia af (a) 105 8 165 22 sot (18+2 of} x -(3-2003 43°48) (3°44 -(63)(}-4.3)-(2 2) 4) \3°3"8)"\3 16, -(1#-4). { x18) 236x527 = 195 167 2)'9'\3"9 9°32 8 Ex. 21. The value of 5 +5 of 5x 2+2+20f5-(5-2)+ 6x2is (SSC CGL 2019) @ 2 w 2 9 @ 8 2 10 5 Sol 5 +5 of 5x 242+20f2x5-(6-2)+6x2 25x 2+2+4x5-(3)+6x2 + His answer was + )s 2. What is the difference between his answer and the correct answer ? 1 1 1 47 i er ) — @ — (a) ia ) a © ma ’66 m Quantitative Aptinde oN 3°15 4 225 648-225 47° +» Required difference = 5-357 =" 30g 1 1 1 : S1)(pat) (get x23, Find the valu of (1 AG i ; i gon 23 4, Sol. Given expression =5 x25 z Ex. 24. Find the value of eee zat Ex. 25. Simplify : 998 « 245, Sol. Given expression = (100 - 1 * 245 = = x 245 = 4899 x 5 = 24495, 1 Ex. 26. Find the value oft (A.A, Exam, 2009) set Gtr een = (5-5) +(5-7) (5 -a)4(5-3)*(6-m5)*(-2) 1 1%. . G-a) “35 Ex. 27. A board 7 ft. 9 inches long is divided into 3 equal parts. What is the length of each part? Sol. Length of board = 7 ft. 9 inches = (7 x 12 + 9) inches = 93 inches, «. Length of each part = (2) inches = 31 inches = 2 ft. 7 inches. Fx 28. Ram went to a shop to buy 50 kg of rice. He buys two varieties of rice which cost him % 4.50 per kg and © 5 per kg. He spends a total of € 240. What was the quantity of rice bought which cost him 4.50 per kg? (MAT, 2007) Sol. Let the quantity of rice bought at & 4.50 per kg be x kg. Then, quantity of rice bought at ® 5 per kg = (50 ~ x) kg. 4.50x + 5(50 ~ x) = 240 = 250 ~ 0.5x = 240 => 0.5x = 10 = x = 20. Hence, quantity of rice bought at & 4.50 per kg = 20 kg. Ex. 29. A boy was asked to multiply a certain number by 53. He multiplied it by 35 and got his answer less than the correct one by 1206, Find the number to be multiplied. (SNAP, 2005) Sol. Let the required number be x. Then, 53x ~ 35x = 1206 > 18x = 1206 <> ot nor,‘Simplification ™_ 67 Hence, number to be multiplied = 67. 45 Ex. 30. 75°F 7 Of @ number is greater than fog? of the same number by 8. What is half of that number? Sol. Let the number be x. 48... 2 Then, 75 0f 5 of x~ Sof Zofx=8 e drekees Bed ag *78 Hence, required number = 315. 2 ; Ex. 31, Aman owns % of the market research bureat business and sells 3 of his shares for @ 75000. What is the value of business? : (Campus Recruitment, 2010) Sol. Let the total value be @ x. 3 2 Then, 7 of 5 of x = 75000 <2 5 = 75000 <> x = 150000. ‘Value of business = % 150000. 2 Ex. 32.A man spends = of his salary on house rent, 3 of his salary on food and ; of his salary on conveyance. If he has % 1400 left with him, find his expenditure on food and conveyance. @ 3 3} aa +242|21-==—. 5 10 8 40 40 Let the monthly salary be & x. Sol. Part of the salary left = 1 8000. Then, Z of x=1400 2 x(a) 7 -. Expenditure on food = (2 x s000) = 2400. Expenditure on conveyance = G x 2000) = 1000. Ex 33.A third of Arun’s marks in Mathematics exceeds a half of his marks in English by 30. If he got 240 marks in the two subjects together, how many marks did he get in English? Sol. Let Arun’s marks in Mathematics and English be x and y respectively. Then, 22-3 y=30 © 2x-3y=180 and x +y=240 (ii) 80 and y = 60. 60. Solving (j) and (i), we get :. Arun’s marks in Englis Ex, 34.4 tin of oil was é full. When 6 bottles of oil were taken out and four bottles of oil were poured into it, it was 3 full. How many bottles of oil can the tin contain? Sol. Suppose x bottles can fill the tin completely. Then, $2-2x=(6-4) e@ Goa? @ ¥=00.68 @ Quantitative Aptitude Required number of bottles = 40. 1 Ex. 35. Ina certain office, © of the workers are women, 4 of the women are married and F of the marrieg ‘women have children, If 3 of the men are married and 2 of the married men have children, wha | part of workers are without children? Sol. Let the total number of workers be x. Then, Number of women = 5 and number of ment = (=- 1 Number of women having children = fot zo 18 i . 2 op sop 2k Number of men having children = har baen z ing children = (4.*)27* ‘Number of workers having children = es + 3) 1s 7x) Mx _11 ee kers. 72) TE two ingo for every 30 mangoes in the crate. If 3 out of every and there are 12 unsaleable mangoes in the crate, then Workers having no children = («- Ex. 36. A crate of mangoes contains one bruised ma 4 bruised mangoes are considered unsaleable, how many mangoes are there in the crate? Sol. Let the total number of mangoes in the crate be x. Then, Number of bruised mangoes = ae Number of unsaleable mangoes = (2xds ay © 7 4 g0e)= 402; 1 y= 1or x= (12x 40)=480, 40 Hence, total number of mangoes in the crate = 480. Ex. 37. The cost of 4 rings and 2 bangles is € 57200. What is the cost of 6 rings and 3 bangles? (Bank Recruit- ‘ment, 2009) Sol. We have: 4R + 2B = 57200 => 3R +2B)= 3x 57200 => 6R + 3B = 85800. Hence, cost of 6 rings and 3 bangles = % 85800. Ex 38. The cost of 15 kg of sugar is € 255, the cost of 17 kg of tea is ¥ 1615 and the cost of 22 kg of rice is € 572. What is the total cost of 18 kg of sugar, 21 kg of tea and 27 kg of rice? (Bank P.0., 2008) Sol. Cost of 1 kg sugar = (B=; Cost of 1 kg tea = *(258) =e 55; Cost of 1 kg rice = *(Z)ar2s, “, Required cost = € (17 x 18 + 95 x 21 + 26 x 27) = € (806 + 1995 + 702) = € 3003, Ex. 39. If * is an operation such that x * y = 3x + 2y, find the value of 2*3 + 3*4, Sol. 2°343"4=@x242%3)4(3x34+2% 4) = (6 +6) +(9 +8) =12+17=29, Ex 40, If a? +b? = 117 and ab = 54, then find the value of S48 ; Sol. (@ + bP =a? +P + 2h =117+2%54=295 > a 4+b=15,Simplification @_ 69 (a- bP =a? +B - 2b = 117-2 x 54=9 => a-b=3. a+b_15 3 a Ex. 41. Find the value of 75983 x 75983 et 989) (75983)? ~(45983)* _ (a? - b?) (75983 — 45983) (ab) _ @+b)(a-d) a) 2bn An 9-1 XT) Sol. Given expression = where a = 75983, b = 45983, (a+b) = (75983 + 45983) = 121966. 343 x 343 + 343 113 + 113 x 113 Lcoraheogre nd 3 Ex, 42. Find the value a( 3 ) , whe =343,b=113 @raeey nn" = (a= b) = (343 - 113) = 230. Sol. Given expression = Ex. 43. If x is an integer such that ai.2, find the value of x3, (M3. 2008) x 1_17 ( Sol. x+==eo(x+ x 4 2 2 o(z-2) -B-(8) eu x) 16 (4) O* a 4 Ex. 44. A z00 keeper counted the heads of the animals in a z00 and found it to be 80. When he counted the legs of the animals he found it to be 260. If the zoo had either pigeons or harses, how many horses were there in the 200? 25 RRB, 0) Sol. Let the number of pigeons be x and the number of horses be y. Then, total number of heads = x + y. total number of legs = 2x + 4y. x+y=80 And, 2x + 4y = 260 or x +24 Subtracting (i) from (ii), we get Putting y = 50 in (), we get: x = 30. Hence, number of horses in the zoo = 50. Ex: 45. In a caravan, in addition to 50 hens there are 45 goats and 8 camels with some keepers. If the total number of feet be 224 more than the number of heads, find the number of keepers. Sol. Let the number of keepers be x. Then, : Total number of heads = (50 + 45 + 8 + x) = (103 + 2). Total number of feet = (45 + 8) x 4 + (50 + x) x 2 = (312 + 2x). (B12 + 2x) - (103 +x) = 224 @ x= 15 Hence, number of keepers = 15. Ex. 46, When an amount was distributed among 14 boys, each of them got % 80-more than the amount received by each boy when the same amount is distributed equally among 18 boys. What was the 130 amount? Sol. Let the total amount be % x. Then, 24g) a6) @ 4280 © 1=63x80=5060. 4 18 126 63 Hence, total amount = % 5040.Mr. Bhaskar is on tour and he has % 360 for his expenses. If he exceeds his tour by 4 days, he mu cut down his daily expenses by € 3. For how many days is Mr. Bhaskar on tour? Sol. Suppose Mr. Bhaskar is on tour for x days. Then, 360 360 1 =.= Fed TT Pet = 4120 = 480 <2 x? + dx ~ 480 = 0 € (x + 24) (x - 20) = 0c x = 20. Hence, Mr. Bhaskar is on tour for 20 days. Ex. 48.4 railway half-ticket costs half the full fare, But the reservation charge on half-ticket is the same 4s that on full ticket. One reserved first-class ticket for a journey between two stations is @ 526 and the cost of one full and one half reserved first-class tickets is € 850. What is the rescroation charge? (Bank P.O., 2008) Sol. Let the full fare be & x and the reservation charge per ticket be & y. =30 Then, x + y = 525 onl) And, 3 +.2y-= 850 or 3x + 4y =1700 i) Multiplying (i) by 3 and subtracting from (ii), we get: y Hence, reservation charge = € 125. Ex 49.4 train starts full of passengers: At the first station, it drops one-third of the passengers and takes 280 more. At the second station, it drops one-half of the new total and takes 12 more. On arriv. ing at the third station, it is found to have 248 passengers. Find the number of passengers in the beginning. Sol. Let the number of passengers in the beginning be x. 125. After 1st station, number of passengers = (« = 3) +280 =| (2 + 280). After 2nd station, number of passengers = } (2+ 220) +12, 2 3[ +0) + 12-248 = 4 289=2%236 ©, 2-192 2\3 3 3 ° += (19253) =2ss, +; Required number of passengers = 288, Fx 50. Arun and Sajal are friends. Each has some money. If Arun gives & 30 to Sajal, then Sajal will have twice the money left with Arun. But, if Sajal gives % 10 to Arun, then Arun will have thrice as much 4s is left with Sajal. How much money does each have? Sol. Suppose Arun has ® x and Sajal has & y. Then, 2x -30)=¥ +30 => 2w-y=90 “ and x+10=3(y-10) = x-3y=~40 Ci Solving (i) and (ii), we gi 62 and y = 34. +, Arun has & 62 and Sajal has & 34. Ex: 51. An executive goes on a business trip. His daily schedule has a definite pattern. If he is busy with a meeting in the morning, he is free in the afternoon. When he returns, he realises that he attended i pe altogether. There were 12 free mornings and 13 free afternoons. What was the duration of his Sol. Let M and A represent the number of busy mornings and busy aftemoons respectively. Then, total number of mornings in the trip = 12 + M. And, total number of afternoons in the trip = 13 + A. Clearly, 12+M=13+AorM-A=1 ~ Total number of meetings = M + A i) i)$0,M+A=15 Adding (i) and (ii), we get: 2M = 16 or M28. Hence, duration of the trip = (12 + 8) = 20 days. Ex, 52.A man received a cheque. The rupees had been transposed for paise and vice- versa. After spending 5 rupees 42 paise, he discovered that he now had exactly six times the value of the correct cheque amount. What amount should he have received? (M.A, 2005) Sol. Let the amount received be x rupees and y paise. Then, amount written on cheque = (100x + y) paise. Actual amount to be received = (100y + 2) paise. (100x + y) = 542 = 6(100y +x) * > 100x + y ~ 542 = 600y + 6x > 94x - 599y = 542 = 94x = 542 + 599y 542+ 599y _ 470-4 470y +72+129y 72+ 129y x= M24 599y 470+ 470y +724 129y 72+ 1299 ° a a Ba++ Se For an integral value of x, (72 + 129y) must be divisible by 94. This happensewhen y = 6. ¥2501+6)+ 2X6 35 9 Hence, the man should have received % 6.44. EXERCISE (OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS) ae Basle Directions: Mark (V) against the correct answer: @o1s 012 (2 Woss 1.1200 + 568 + 8-35 =? [RBI Pre 2020] 1 5 (use) 1294 (1236 1382 10.1f (4)e-9+3- +, then what is the value of 5204432 4, 2 2 [SSC CGL Tier (CBSE) Exam. 2017) 2 «= 187 RBI Pre 20201 ‘a6 wa ora @”7 © 56 ©e2 @4 11. Determine the value ‘x’, if 3.145 - 32+8x15 _ > [RBI Pre 2020] = (919864)? (949-864)? @13 2710 (]us Ww (0886x1728) 4.780 + 12 x 50 + 25 (REL Dee 2020) [SSC CHSL (1042) Tier-II CBSE Exam. 2018] (@) 130 (& 250 (©) 370 (a) 430 @1 m4 7 (@) 1789 5.22+44+4-225-5=? - 12. Simplify: (213 x 213 + 187 x 187) DIPS. Clent}2019) {SSC CHSL (10+2) Tier-I CBSE Exam. 2018] @1 (001 =) None (a) 1 (a) 80338 —(b) 80438 (c) 60338 (d) 60438 6.7x8+123+2=2x2 UBS Clerk 20191 | 95, If N = (12345)? + 12345 + 12346, then what is the (@) 68.55 (b) 58.75 (c) 63.25 (a) 65 value of YN? raw igen CoE asl [SSC CGL Tierstl CBSE Exam. 2018] 59 (a) 12346 (b) 12345 (c) 12344 (d) 12347 7 4 32 14, Assume 57 + 59 + 109 = 0, then find the value 7 ia ys |. Assume Y 0 5 ® 5s @ 45 y of 573 + 599 + 1099, (@) None of these [SSC CHSL (1042) Tiers CBSE Exam. 2018] 9, 343%343x343 -13x13x13 (HSEE 2018) (@) 1099701 (6) 1099601 (c) 1099801 (2) 1098701 M3343 + 343% 13 +1313 15, 51_[31 s_(3.2-4) (@) 343, 13 (0) 330 (a) 356 ‘5 |°27]6 ("10 15) . 9.1f @ of +}-(2o9) equals -4, then find x, [SSC SI In Delhi Police CAPFs é ASI (CISF) Exam. 2019] 9 a, [SSC CHSL (1042) Tier (CBSE) Exam. 2017)]