Vivekananda Institute of Professional Studies- TC
Accredited Grade "A+" Institution by NAAC, Recognized under Section 2 (f) by
UGC ISO 9001: 2008 Certified Institution, Affiliated to: G.G.S.I.P. University &
Recognized by Bar Council of India & AICTE
Vivekananda School of Journalism and Mass Communication
Still Photography Lab
Course Code: BA (MC) 151
Submitted to: Submitted By:
Dr. Sahil Koul Jannat Nagpal (08429802424)
Assistant Professor, VSJMC Semester and section:1E
Vivekananda Institute of Professional Studies- TC
Accredited Grade "A+" Institution by NAAC, Recognized under Section 2 (f) by
UGC ISO 9001: 2008 Certified Institution, Affiliated to: G.G.S.I.P. University &
Recognized by Bar Council of India & AICTE
Vivekananda School of Journalism and Mass Communication
Certificate
This is to certify that the assignments submitted by Jannat
Nagpal for the subject code BA(JMC)151 in partial fulfilment
of Bachelors of Arts in Journalism and Mass Communication
have been completed under my supervision.
Date: Name: Dr. Sahil Koul
Vivekananda Institute of Professional Studies- TC
Accredited Grade "A+" Institution by NAAC, Recognized under Section 2 (f) by
UGC ISO 9001: 2008 Certified Institution, Affiliated to: G.G.S.I.P. University &
Recognized by Bar Council of India & AICTE
Vivekananda School of Journalism and Mass Communication
UNDERTAKING
I, Jannat Nagpal , enrolment number 08429802424 of
semester1,section E ,declare that the assignments
enclosed in the file for BA(JMC)151 have been completed
by me.
Date: Signature
Vivekananda Institute of Professional Studies- TC
Accredited Grade "A+" Institution by NAAC, Recognized under Section 2 (f) by
UGC ISO 9001: 2008 Certified Institution, Affiliated to: G.G.S.I.P. University &
Recognized by Bar Council of India & AICTE
Vivekananda School of Journalism and Mass Communication
Acknowledgement
I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to our teacher Dr.
Sahil Koul who took out extra time for us to help us complete our projects
in this subject.
Who also cleared all my doubts and helped me whenever I faced any
sort of difficulty. I came to know about so many new things and
learned about photography in a way I never could have learnt
elsewhere.
Alongside, I would like to extend a vote of thanks to the institute,
Chairperson VSJMC & VRC Prof. Siddharth Mishra and Dean VSJMC,
Prof. (Dr) Charu Lata Singh for always being so supportive and motivating
of my work.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
S. no Topic Page no. S. no Topic Page no.
1. Rule Of Thirds 6 11. Broad Lighting 16
2. Rule of Odds 7
12. Short Lighting 17
3. Fill the Frame 8
13. Light Paiting 18
4. Figure to Ground 9
14. Butterfly Painting 19
Frame within a
5. 10
Frame 15. Deep Depth of Field 20
6. Leading Lines 11 16. Shallow Depth of Field 21
7. Diagonal Lines 12
17. Alphabet in an Image 22
8. Rule of Space 13
18. Loop Lighting 23
Dominant eye at the
9. 14 19. 3 Point Lighting 24
Centre
10. Upside Down 15 20. Single colour in 10 pictures 25-34
Rule of Thirds
According to this
rule , the focus of
interest must be
placed at the
intersection of
lines that divide
the frame into
thirds from top to
bottom and from
left to right.
Rule of Odds
The rule of odds states that
images are more visually
appealing when there is an odd
number of subjects. For
example, if you are going to
place more than one person in
a photograph, don't use two,
use 3 or 5 or 7, etc.
Fill the frame
To fill the frame, your
subject should occupy a
significant portion of your
image, leaving no or little
space around it. This way,
the photographer
removes all distractions,
allowing the viewer to
focus on the main subject
and explore every detail.
Figure to ground
Figure-to-ground
photography is a composition
technique where the main
subject is in stark contrast
with the background. This
contrast can be achieved
through lighting, depth of
field, or color. The goal is to
make the subject stand out
and separate it from the
background.
Frame within a frame
A frame within a frame is a
photography composition
technique where a
photographer uses an
element in the foreground to
frame the subject or scene
within the photograph. The
element can be anything that
surrounds the subject and
helps to draw the viewer’s eye
towards it.
Leading lines
Leading lines are used to draw the
viewer's eye through a
photograph. They are intentional
or unintentional, natural lines
created in the space of the
photograph and are used to
create a visual narrative in the
composition.
Diagonal lines
Diagonals refer
to any slanted
lines that appear
in a photo, from
tilted trees and
road paint to
partially raised
arms and bent
flagpoles.
Rule of space
The rule of space in
photography is a method of
incorporating visual absence
to give a subject room to
breathe.
Although the rule of space is
more like a guide than a rigid
rule, it is a handy
compositional device. It’s a
great way to add a sense of
vastness, depth, and/or
motion to a photograph.
Dominant eye at the center
When photographing
people, place their
dominant eye in the
center of the
photograph. This
makes the picture
more luring as it
appears that the
subject’s eyes are
following the viewer.
Upside Down
Upside-down photography is a
creative technique where the
camera or the subject is
intentionally flipped, resulting in
images with an inverted
perspective. This approach
challenges traditional viewpoints,
emphasizing abstract, surreal, or
unexpected compositions. It often
adds intrigue, or a fresh
perspective to otherwise familiar
scenes.
Broad lighting
Broad lighting is
a type of lighting
setup where the
area of a
subject’s face
that is facing the
camera is lit
more brightly.
The term “broad
lighting” comes
from lighting the
broad side of a
subject’s face.
Short lighting
Short lighting is a
lighting technique
used primarily in
portrait
photography in
which the far side
of a subject’s face
is lit relative to the
camera. This
leaves the near
side of the face
darker or entirely
shadowed.
Light Painting
Light painting is a
photographic
technique that involves
using a light source to
create shapes,
patterns, or effects in a
dark environment
while the camera
captures the image
with a long exposure
setting. The result is a
dynamic and colorful
image that shows the
movement of light in
the scene.
Butterfly lighting
Butterfly lighting is
a lighting pattern
used in portrait
photography
where the key light
is placed above and
pointing down on
the subject’s face.
This creates a
dramatic shadow
under the nose and
chin that looks like
a butterfly.
Deep depth of field
When a lens focuses on
a subject at a distance,
all subjects at that
distance are sharply
focused. Subjects that
are not at the same
distance are out of focus
and theoretically are
not sharp. Small
apertures (larger f-stop
number) give deep DOF
Shallow depth of field
When a lens focuses on a
subject at a distance, all
subjects at that distance
are sharply focused.
Subjects that are not at the
same distance are out of
focus and theoretically are
not sharp. Large apertures
(smaller f-stop number)
give shallow DOF
Alphabet in an image
In short, alphabet
photography is
the art of
searching for and
capturing images
of everyday
objects, nature,
architecture, and
more that
resemble letters
of the alphabet.
Loop lighting
Loop lighting is a
popular portrait
photography technique
where the key light is
positioned to create a
small, soft shadow that
loops down and around
the side of the subject's
nose. This style adds
dimension and depth to
the face while
maintaining a flattering
and natural look. It
works well for most
face shapes and is a go-
to lighting setup for
professional portraits.
3 point lighting
Three-point lighting is a
foundational photography
and videography technique
using three light sources:
the key light for main
illumination, the fill light to
reduce shadows, and the
backlight to separate the
subject from the
background. This setup
creates depth, dimension,
and a balanced,
professional look.
Single colour in 10 pictures
Red
This photo
highlights the beauty
of nature , it
showcases the
bright red flower
capturing the
attention of human
eye from afar.
This shot captures a
visually striking
composition with vibrant
red flowers on a ceiling
,complemented by warm
lighting.The woven
pattern of the lamp
contrasts with the
organic texture of the
flowers and leaves ,
adding visual interest and
making it look appealing.
This photograph has
many elements,
however the first
thing that will
capture your
attention is the logo
of the brand,the
photo is captured in
a way that it
highlights the brand
logo among the rest
of the elements.
The photo depicts
a crowded hall ,
the entire area is
immersed with
red colour giving it
a warm feel and
tone.
The picture depicts a
series of lamps
arranged in a way that
they form 2 parallel
lines, the overall
picture looks
captivating.
A very random click
yet somehow
captures the
attention of the
viewer , the
reflection of light is
highlighting the
bright red colour of
the curtain.
The image shows a
crowded concert
scene bathed in
red
lighting,attendees
can be seen facing
the stage, some
capturing the
event on their
phones.
This photo shows
the canopy of a tree
with vibrant reddish
orange autumn
leaves. Sunlight
filters through the
foliage, creating a
warm and glowing
effect. The sky
above appears clear
and slightly hazy,
adding to the
serene, seasonal
atmosphere.
This image shows the
view of vibrant red roses
, it highlights the intricate
details of the petals ,
emphasising their
natural beauty , the
background of the image
is dark , thus drawing the
attention entirely to the
roses.
This picture
highlights the
beauty of red color,
an illusion and
illuminations of
alike backdrops up
and down more like
mirror images
giving an
aesthetically
pleasing visual.
