Fundamental of Nursing-II CH

Course Title:- Fundamental of Nursing Year 01, Semester 01

Course Description:
This course introduces the student to nursing as a professional discipline. The concept of
a professional nurse is addressed through a brief overview of nursing historical
development, definitions of nursing, nursing education, the practice, roles of the nurse
and nurse’s accountability. The conceptual basis for nursing practice is presented as the
relationship which exists among human needs, adoption and homeostasis, alterations in
health, voluntary and involuntary processes, and nursing intervention. The position of
nurses in the health care delivery system of the Country is explained through a
description of its organization and administration, facilities, and personnel. International
health and nursing organizations are discussed.
Course Objectives:
At the end of this course, the student will be able to:
a. Describe the historical development of Health care and nursing.
b. Describe early Nursing Leaders and their contributions to the profession of nursing.
c. Compare requirements and advantages of different Nursing Educational Programs.
d. Compare and contrast definitions of nursing by different Nursing Scholars.
e. Describe the roles of a professional nurse.
f. Describe the relationship among Human needs, Adoption Homeostasis, alterations in Health,
Voluntary and Involuntary processes, and nursing intervention.
g. Explain the content and purposes of Code of Ethics, and Standards of Nursing practice.
h. Discuss the purposes and activities of the World Health Organization and the International
Council of Nurses.
Teaching/Learning Strategies:
Lecture, discussion, role play, group work, group presentation, demonstration video and return
demonstration
Evaluation Criteria:
Mid Term Exam 15%
Skills Performance Test (s) 15%
Final Exam 70%
Total 100%
Course Schedule Topic Hours
Unit- I History of Nursing & Development of Nursing 4
Unit- II Role of the Nurse in Health Care 4
Unit-III Goals of Nursing and Related Concepts 4
Unit-IV Communication 4
Unit- V Nursing Skills (Vital Signs) 4
Unit-VI Skin Management 4
Unit-VII Concept of Safety: Risk Management 4
Unit-VIII Concept of Teaching and Learning 4
Unit-IX Oxygenation: Respiratory Function and Cardiovascular System 4
Unit X Activity And Exercise Pattern: 4
Unit XI Process of Hospitalization 4
COURSE OUTLINE
Unit-I: History of Health Care and Nursing
1. Summary of ancient cultures
2. Site of Health Care in Ancient Cultures
3. Islam and Nursing
4. The founder of Nursing
5. Historical Perspective
6. Nursing in Mogual period
7. Nursing Defined by different scholar
8. Definition of Nursing by WHO
9. Types of Nursing Educational Programmes
10. History of Nursing Education in Pakistan
Unit-II: Roles of the Nurse in Health Care
1. Professional
2. Characteristics of a Profession
3. Role of the Professional nurse
4. Description of Career roles
5. Description of role as Communicator
6. Description of role as a Teacher
7. Description of role as Counselor
Unit-III: Goals of Nursing and related concepts
1. Define basic human needs.
2. Discuss basis of nursing practice.
3. Define World Health Organization.
4. Explain model of conceptual framework for generic BS N program.
5. Explore nursing and nursing practice.
6. Define goal of nursing process.
7. Identify historical perspective of the nursing process
Unit-IV: Communication
1. Define Communication, elements of the communication process, ways of communication.
2. Identify the characteristics of the effective verbal communication
3. Describe factors that‟s facilitates and interfere with the effective communication
4. Discuss techniques that facilitate and interfere with effective communication
5. Define ways to respond therapeutically
6. Identify non therapeutically respond
7. Discuss the legal aspects of documentations
Unit V: Nursing Skills (Vital Signs)
In this unit learners will learn the relationship between temperature, blood pressure and respiratory
functions of the body and how these skills can be assessed.
At the completion of this unit learners will be able to:
1. Define Vital Signs.
2. Define terms related to vital sign.
3. Describe the physiological concept of temperature, respiration and blood pressure.
4. Describe the principles and mechanisms for normal thermoregulation in the body.
5. Identify ways that affect heat production and heat loss in the body.
6. Define types of body temperature according to its characteristics.
7. Identify the sign and symptoms of fever.
8. Discuss the normal ranges for temperature, pulse, respiration and blood pressure.
9. List the factors affecting temperature, pulse, respiration.
10. Describe the characteristics of pulse and respiration.
11. List factors responsible for maintaining normal blood pressure.
12. Describe various methods and sites used to measure T.P & B.P.
13. Recognize the signs of alert while taking TPR and B.P.
UNIT VI: Skin Management
At the end of the session learners will be able to:
1. Define decubetic ulcer (bed sore)
2. List the causes of decubetic ulcer
3. Apply nursing interventions to prevent decubetic ulcer.
4. Identity rise bactars of bedsores
UNIT VII: Concept of Safety: Risk Management
In this unit learners will explore various hazards in the environment and will identify ways to
minimize or eliminate these hazards.
At the completion of this unit learners will be able to:
1. Define safety
2. Describe the characteristics of safety
3. Identify physical and microbial hazards in environment
4. Discuss various ways to minimize hazards
5. Discuss the assessment for environmental safety
6. Identify physical and microbial hazards in the hospital environment, which interfere with
patients‟ safety
7. Explain general preventive measures for safe environment for health team members and
patient
8. Using assessment, identify people at risk for safety dysfunction.
Unit-VIII: Concept of Teaching Learning
At the end of this unit, learners will be able to;
1. Identify the learning needs of the patient at the clinical site
2. Develop teaching learning plan
3. Perform health teaching at the clinical site
Unit-IX: Oxygenation: Respiratory Function & Cardiovascular System
1. Identify factors that can interfere with effective oxygenation of body tissues.
2. Describe common manifestations of altered respiratory and cardiovascular function.
3. Discuss lifespan-related changes and problems in respiratory function and cardiovascular
system.
4. Describe nursing measures to ensure a patient airway.
5. Apply Nursing Process and teaching plan for a client with altered respiratory function and
cardiovascular function.
6. Recognize the emergencies related to respiratory and cardiovascular system.
7. Explain ways that caregivers can decrease the exposure of clients to infection.
8. Differentiate between medical and surgical asepsis.
Unit X: Activity and Exercise Pattern
In this unit learners will explore the benefits of mobility for maintenance of health. Develop the
understanding of Range of Motion (ROM) to maintain muscle strength and body alignment for
bed ridden patients.
At the completion of this unit learners will be able to:
1. Define terms mobility, joint mobility, body alignments and body mechanics.
2. Discuss the benefits of activity and exercise.
3. Identify the principles of gravity that affects balance.
4. Discuss factors affecting mobility.
5. Discuss the effects of immobility on human body.
6. Review A&P of muscular skeletal system and characteristics of normal movement.
7. Describe the impact of immobility on Physiologic and Psychological functioning.
8. Apply nursing process while planning for the client with altered muscular skeletal system.
Unit XI: Process of Hospitalization
At the end of this unit learners will be able to:
1. Define the team admission, transfer and discharge
2. Discuss the procedure for admission, transfer and discharge
3. Identify nursing responsibility during admission, transfer and discharge
4. Discuss nurse role in preparing patients and family for discharge
5. Discuss the normal reaction of patient being hospitalized.
Note: Needs to be consistency either write description in all units or just start with objectives.
List of Skills Labs
Hours
CPR Certifications BLS
Preparing of different beds
Bathing a patient in bed
Measuring body temperature
Assessment of pulse
Assessment of Respiration
Monitoring of Blood pressure
Mouth care of unconscious patient
Measurement of Height & Weight
Admission of a patient in hospital
Discharge of patient in hospital
Clinical Objectives of Fundamental of Nursing:
1. Identify the roles and functions of health care team members.
2. Describe the functions of the various departments in a hospital.
3. Describe the physical setup of a ward
4. Utilize techniques of therapeutic communication skills with patient and health team members.
5. Collect patients‟ data through interview.
6. Observe the coordination of patients‟ care between the health team members.
7. Identify different forms used for documentation in patients‟ care.
8. Utilize appropriate hospital forms for documentation.
9. Assess, document and identify variations in Vital Signs
10. Discuss the observations for different Vital Signs pattern.
11. Develop problem list based on patients‟ assessments and rationalize each problem identified.
12. Document assessment of patients‟ problems/needs by using Maslow‟s Hierarchy of human
needs at a beginning level.
13. Develop Nursing care plan based on priority patients‟ problem by following all the six
components of nursing process.
14. Observe the process of admission of a patient in hospital.
15. Orient a patient to hospital environment.
16. Assist in transfer of patients from one unit to another unit and department.
17. Assist in preparing patients and family for discharge.
18. Document the discharge of patients from the hospital.
19. Observe various legal forms/documents used in the admission process
20. Observe patients‟ reactions to hospitalization and give assistance as needed.
21. Demonstrate occupied and unoccupied bed making.
22. Assess the need of personal hygiene care for selected patients and provide care accordingly.
23. Document patients‟ assessment and care provided.
24. Utilize skills to maintain healthy nails and feet
25. Demonstrate use of following safety measures for patients:
26. Side rails,
27. Restraints
28. Hand washing
29. Demonstrate application of body mechanics when moving and lifting patient.
30. Demonstrate range of motion exercises on a patient.
31. Provide back care to bed ridden patients.
32. Assist in transferring patients from bed to bed, bed to chair and bed to stretcher.
33. Utilize different comfort devices in patients‟ care.
34. Assist patients with different types of positions.
35. Demonstrate characteristics of a professional nurse.
36. Assist patients in maintaining proper body alignment in bed.
References:
1. Carpinito L. J. (1998). Nursing Care Plans & Documentation: Nursing Diagnosis and
Collaborative Problem (3rd ed.) Philadelphia: Lippincott
2. Craven, R. F., & Hirnle, C. J. (2000). Fundamentals of Nursing: Human Health and Function.
(3rd ed.). New York: Lippincott.
3. Delaune, S. C., & Ladner, P. K. (2002). Fundamentals of Nursing: Standards and Practice.
(2nd ed.) Canada: Delmar.
4. Erb, G. K., B. (2000). Fundamentals of Nursing: Concepts, Process and Practice (5th ed.)
Addison: Wesley.
5. Potter, P. A & Perry, A. G. (2003). Basic Nursing: Essentials for Practice (5th ed.) St. Louis:
Mosby