NBF Unit 2 Kinematics Exercise

Give a short response questions to the following

Q1 In the park, children. Are you enjoying a ride on Ferris wheel as shown? What kind
of motion does the big wheel have and what kind of motion do the riders have?

Ans. Motion of big wheel is rotatory motion.

Big wheel is rotating about its axis, so the motion of big wheel is rotatory motion

Motion of riders is circular motion

Children are not rotating; they are moving in a circular path. So, the motion of the
children is circular motion.

Q2 A boy moves for some time. Give situations in which his displacement is 0 but
covered distance is not 0?

Ans if starting and ending points are same then displacement will be zero

Case 1. When a boy moves on a straight line from A to B and comes back from B to A
then his displacement is zero because starting and ending points are same, but
distance is not zero which is equal to 5 + 5 = 10 cm

Case 2 When a boy moves on a circular path then his displacement is zero because
starting and ending points are same, but distance is not zero which is equal to zero.

Q3 A stone tied 2 string is whirling in a circle. What is the direction of its velocity at an
instant?
Ans When a stone moves in a circle then the direction of its velocity is always tangent
to the circle which is perpendicular to the direction of centripetal force or radius of
circle.

Q4 Is it possible to accelerate an object without speeding it or slowing it down?

Ans. Yes, it is possible.

Example When an object moves in a circular path, the object has acceleration due to a
change in direction.

In this case the object moves with a constant speed i.e. its speed neither increases nor
decreases.

Q5 can a car moving towards right have a direction of acceleration towards left?

Ans. If a car is moving towards right then direction of velocity and acceleration is same
i.e. towards right

When we apply brakes on the car then its speed decreases and deceleration is
produced in it. In this case the direction of velocity is towards right, but direction of
acceleration is towards left.

Q6 With the help of daily life examples, describe the situations in which.;

a) Acceleration is in the direction of motion.

B) Acceleration is against the direction of motion.

c) Acceleration is 0 and body is in motion.

Ans. A) If a car is moving in a straight line with increasing speed, then the acceleration
is in the direction of motion

b) When we apply brakes on the car then its speed decreases and deceleration is
produced in it. In this case the direction of acceleration is against the direction of
motion.

c) if the car is moving at uniform speed, then its velocity does not change with time. So,
in this case acceleration is zero but the car is in motion.
Q7 Examine distance time graph of a motorcyclist (as Shown) what does this graph tell
us about the speed of motorcyclists? Also plot its velocity- time graph?

Ans. A) above distance time graph

This graph tells us that the speed (velocity) of a motorcyclist is uniform (constant)
because it covers equal distance (displacement) in equal intervals of time.

b) velocity time graph

From the above graph with uniform velocity, we have

Q8 Which controls in the car can produce acceleration or declaration in it?

Ans. 1) accelerator: accelerator in the car increases the speed of the car when pressed.
So, it produces acceleration in the car

2 Brakes. Brakes in the car decrease the speed of the car when pressed. SO, brakes
produce declaration in the car.

Q9 If two stones of 10 kg and 1kg are dropped from a 1 km high tower. Which hit the
ground with greater velocity? Which will hit the ground first?

Ans. If two stones of 10 Kg and 1 Kg are dropped from 1 Km high tower then the heavier
stone will hit the ground with greater velocity. Because the force with which the Earth
attracts the body towards its center is equal to the weight of the object. So, the stone
having mass 10 Kg will hit the ground with greater velocity.
If we neglect air resistance, then both the stones will reach the ground at the same
speed.

Q 10 A 1 Kg steel ball is dropped (from rest) and another is thrown downward with
velocity of 5 ms-1 Which will have greater acceleration? (Neglect air resistance)?

Ans. Ther are two steel balls each of which is 1 Kg. One is dropped from rest and the
other is thrown downward with 5 ms-1. Both balls are moving under the force of gravity
with an acceleration g =10 ms-1. So, both the balls have the same acceleration
independent of their mass.

Can You tell? NBF

Q (page 40) If on a 40 m running track your starting point and ending point is same.
How much distance have you covered? What is your displacement?

Ans Distance: The path between starting and and ending point is called distance. Hence
the distance is 400 m.

Displacement: Displacement of the given path is zero because the displacement of the
closed path always be zero.

Q (page 40) Can displacement be greater than distance?

Can distance and displacement be equal?

Ans: a) Displacement cannot be greater than distance because displacement is the

shortest path between two points while distance the total distance between two points

B) Distance and displacement be equal if the object is moving on a a straight path

without changing the direction.

Q (page 47) The initial velocity vi of a tennis ball at two different points in time is
shown below. The direction of the ball is indicated by the arrow. For each case,
indicate if there is an acceleration and show the direction of acceleration.

𝑣𝑓 −𝑣𝑖 2−2 0
Ans A) 𝑎 = 𝑡1
= 𝑡
= 𝑡 = 0𝑚𝑠 −2
 𝑣𝑓 −𝑣𝑖 4−2 2
B) 𝑎= = = 0𝑚𝑠 −2
𝑡1 𝑡 𝑡

𝑣𝑓 −𝑣𝑖 1−3 −2
c) 𝑎= = = 0𝑚𝑠 −2
𝑡1 𝑡 𝑡

𝑣𝑓 −𝑣𝑖 −2−2 −4
d) 𝑎= = = 0𝑚𝑠 −2
𝑡1 𝑡 𝑡

𝑣𝑓 −𝑣𝑖 −3−1 −4
e) 𝑎= = = 0𝑚𝑠 −2
𝑡1 𝑡 𝑡

𝑣𝑓 −𝑣𝑖 −2−4 −6
f) 𝑎= = = 0𝑚𝑠 −2
𝑡1 𝑡 𝑡

Q (Page 48) The car is depicted after equal intervals, can you determine that in which
picture A, B, C and D the car is

At rest ( A) Speeding up (D)

Moving at a constant speed (B) Slowing down (C)

Q (page 56) What does the slope of these graph tells about acceleration?

Ans 1) As speed is not changing with time so acceleration is zero

2) as speed is increasing with time so graph shows uniformly increasing acceleration.

3) as speed is increasing with time so graph shows uniformly increasing acceleration.

Numerical problems

1) Convert the following

a) 160 Km / h into m /s
160 𝐾 𝑚 160 ×1000 𝑚 44.4𝑚
Solution = =
ℎ 3600 𝑠 𝑠

b) 36 m/s into km /h
36
36 𝑚 𝑘𝑚 36 𝑘𝑚 1 36 𝑘𝑚 3600 𝑘𝑚
Solution = 1000
1 = ÷ 3600 ℎ = × ℎ = 129.6
𝑠 ℎ 1000 1000 1 ℎ
3600

C) 15 km/ h2 into m / s2
15 𝐾 𝑚 15 ×1000 𝑚 0.0011 𝑚
Solution = (3600)2 𝑠2
=
ℎ 𝑠2

d) 1 m / s2 into km/ h2
1 2
1𝑚 𝑘𝑚 1 𝑘𝑚 1 1 𝑘𝑚 36002 ℎ2 𝑘𝑚
Solution = 1000
2 = 1000 ÷ (3600) ℎ2 = 1000 × = 129.6
𝑠2 (
1
) ℎ2 1 ℎ2
3600

2) in 10 seconds, a cyclist increases its speed from 5 km/h to 7 km/h, while a car
moves from rest to 20 Km/h in same time. Calculate and compare acceleration in each
case.

Solution. Case 1 for cyclist

t = 10 s
5𝐾𝑚 5 ×1000 𝑚 1.38𝑚
Initial velocity of cyclist = 𝑣𝑖 = = =
ℎ 3600 𝑠 𝑠

7𝐾𝑚 7×1000 𝑚 1.94 𝑚

final velocity of cyclist = 𝑣𝑓 = = =
ℎ 3600 𝑠 𝑠

∆𝑣 𝑣𝑓 −𝑣𝑖 1.94−1.38 0.056𝑚

Acceleration of cyclist = 𝑎 = = = =
𝑡 𝑡 10 𝑠2

Case 2 for car

t = 10 s
0𝐾𝑚 0𝑚
Initial velocity of car= 𝑣𝑖 = =
ℎ 𝑠

20 𝐾 𝑚 20×1000 𝑚 5.55 𝑚
final velocity of car = 𝑣𝑓 = = =
ℎ 3600 𝑠 𝑠

∆𝑣 𝑣𝑓 −𝑣𝑖 5.55−0 0.555 𝑚

Acceleration of car = 𝑎 = = = =
𝑡 𝑡 10 𝑠2

Result: Car has greater acceleration.

3) A ball is thrown straight up such that it took 2 seconds to reach the top after which
it started falling back. What was the speed with which the ball was thrown up?

Data; Gravitational acceleration = g= -9.8 m s-2

Time to reach maximum height = t = 2 s

Final velocity = vf = 0 m s-1

Solution; Time to reach maximum height = t1

𝑣𝑓 −𝑣𝑖
𝑎= 𝑡1

𝑣𝑓 − 𝑣𝑖
𝑔=
𝑡1
0 − 𝑣𝑖
−9.8 =
2
−9.8 × 2 = 0 − 𝑣𝑖

19.6 𝑚𝑠 −2 = 𝑣𝑖

4) A car is moving with uniform velocity of 20 m/s for 20 seconds. Then brakes are
applied, and it comes to rest with uniform deceleration in 30 s. Plot the graph to
calculate this distance using speed time graph?

Data: initial velocity = vi = 20 m s-1

t = 20 s
1

Final velocity = vf = 0 m s-1

t = 30 s
2

S from graph = ?

Solution: Total distance= S = Area under the graph

S = Area of rectangle + Area of triangle

1
𝑆 = (𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 × ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡) + (2 𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 × ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡)

1
𝑆 = (20 × 20) + (2 × 30 × 20)

1
𝑆 = 400 + ( × 600)
2
𝑆 = 400 + 300
 𝑆 = 400 + 300

5) A girl starts her motion by a racing bicycle in straight line at a speed of 50 Kk /h.
Her speed is changing at constant rate. If she stops after 60 s, what is her
acceleration?
50 𝐾 𝑚 50 ×1000 𝑚 13.98𝑚
Data; Initial velocity = 𝑣𝑖 = = =
ℎ 3600 𝑠 𝑠

t = 60 s

Final velocity = vf = 0 m s-1

acceleration = a = ?
𝑣𝑓 −𝑣𝑖
Solution: 𝑎= 𝑡1

0 − 13.89
𝑎=
60
𝑎 = − 0.23 𝑚𝑠 −2

6) Consider the following speed time graph. Tell:

a) Which part of the graph is showing acceleration, declaration and zero acceleration?

b) Calculate covered distance from 10 seconds from the graph.

Solution:

a) At part OA speed is increasing so it shows acceleration.

At part BC speed is decreasing. So, it shows deceleration.
At Part AB the speed is constant, so it shows 0 acceleration.
b) Part A/B shows. Time from 10 seconds to 20 seconds. So.
Distance=S = area under AB.
S = Area of rectangle
S = 50 ×10
S = 500 m