TOPIC: CHEMICALS OF LIFE, NATURE OF SECTION MARKS

GENETIC CODE & ENZYMES

Time: 2 ½ hours A
Attempt all questions in this paper B
TOTAL

SECTION A (40 MARKS)

1. Lack of iodine in the diet causes D. polysaccharides C. Galactose
cretinism because iodine 8. C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 D. Sucrose
A. Controls metabolism Glucose Fructose 14. In the lock and key hypothesis for
B. Is essential in the formation of the mechanism of enzyme the
metabolic enzymes Enzyme mechanism of enzyme action,
C. Influence growth of bones how does inhibitor substance stop
D. Is required for synthesis of C12H22O11 + H2O enzyme action? By
thyroxine What is the above called? A. Raising activation energy
2. Chloride ions are vital for efficient A. Dehydration synthesis B. Distorting substrate molecule
functioning of salivary amylase B. Hydrolysis C. Destroying coenzyme
because ion C. Dehydration process D. Occupying active sites on
A. Activator D. Condensation reaction substrate and enzyme
B. Are coenzyme 9. Both deoxyribose and ribose 15. The promoter site and the
C. Are co factor belong to a class of sugars called: terminator site for transcription are
D. For alkaline medium A. trioses located at:
3. In a DNA strand, the nucleotides B. hexoses A. 3′ (downstream) end and 5′
are linked together by: C. pentoses (upstream) end respectively
A. glycosidic bonds D. polysaccharides of the transcription unit
B. phosphodiester bonds 10. Some amino acids are known as B. 5′ (upstream) end and 3′
C. peptide bonds essential because they are (downstream) end,
D. hydrogen bonds A. more important in the body respectively of the
4. In the body, proteins combine with metabolism than other transcription unit
acids or bases depending on the B. not made by the body C. the 5′ (upstream) end
A. Temperature of the medium C. contained in first class D. the 3′ (downstream) end
B. Hydrogen ion concentration in proteins 16. Among the following compounds,
the medium D. required in larger amounts one cannot be hydrolyzed is
C. Number of solvent molecules than others. A. Glycogen
present in the medium 11. When a piece of liver is dropped B. Galactose
D. Number of amino acid into containing H2O2, there is C. Lactose
molecules in the protein vigorous reaction. this is due to D. Maltose
5. Enzyme that catalyze the removal enzyme 17. When the extent of inhibition in an
of water molecules from a A. Catalase enzyme controlled reaction
substrate are known as B. Amylase depends entirely on the
A. Reductase C. Trypsin concentration of the inhibitor, it
B. Dehydrase D. Carbonic anhydrase indicates that the inhibition is
C. Hydrolase 12. The fact that a purine base always A. Competitive
D. hydrase pairs through hydrogen bonds B. Reversible
6. A nucleoside differs from a with a pyrimidine base in the DNA C. Non-competitive
nucleotide. It lacks the: double helix leads to: D. Irreversible.
A. Base A. the antiparallel nature 18. Which of the following statements
B. Sugar B. the semiconservative nature is the most appropriate for sickle
C. Phosphate group C. uniform width throughout cell anaemia?
D. Hydroxyl group DNA A. It cannot be treated with iron
7. Starch, glycogen and cellulose are D. uniform length in all DNA supplements
all composed of 13. Which of the following sugars is B. It is a molecular disease
A. α-glucose not reducing? C. It confers resistance to
B. β-glucose A. Maltose acquiring malaria
C. monosaccharides B. Fructose D. All of the above
JIMO – Biology Dept. 2024 1
19. Which one of the following is the C. Has low freezing points A. Controls metabolism
correct formula of a D. Has high boiling point B. Is essential for formation of
polysaccharide? 25. Which one of the following metabolic enzymes
A. (C6H10O5)n describes the turnover number of C. Influence growth of bones
B. (CH2O)n an enzyme? D. Is required for synthesis of
C. (C6H12O6)n A. Number of molecules thyroxine
D. C12H22O11)n affected by the enzyme 31. Which one of the following
20. Which one of the following is not B. Number of substrate environmental factors has a direct
true about the lock and key theory molecules turned into its effect on all organisms?
in enzyme-catalyzed reaction? product per minute A. Light.
A. A small change in the active C. Number of product molecules B. Humidity.
site alter the enzyme formed C. Temperature.
B. The substrate and active site D. Number of substrate D. Rainfall
are complementary molecules catalyzed per 32. Discontinuous synthesis of DNA
C. Enzyme catalyzed action go minute occurs in one strand, because:
through the enzyme- 26. With regard to mature mRNA in A. DNA molecule being
substrate complex stage eukaryotes: synthesized is very long
D. A molecule which fits in the A. exons and introns do not B. DNA dependent DNA
active site is a substrate appear in the mature RNA polymerase catalyzes
24. Which of the following is true with B. exons appear but introns do polymerization only
respect to AUG? not appear in the mature RNA C. In one direction (5’ → 3’) it is
A. It codes for methionine only C. introns appear but exons do a more efficient process
B. It is an initiation codon not appear in the mature RNA D. DNA ligase joins the short
C. It codes for methionine in D. both exons and introns stretches of DNA
both prokaryotes and appear in the mature RNA 33. Rainfall A property of water that
eukaryotes 27. Which of the following vitamins is makes it suitable component of a
D. All of the above water soluble? hydrostatic skeleton is it
21. Which one of the following A. A A. High density
statements is true of essential B. B B. High surface tension
fatty acids? They C. D C. Low viscosity
A. They are the most required D. C D. Incompressibility
lipids in the body 28. A B C X 34. The activity of an enzyme in a
B. Are required in the body in E1 E2 E3 chemical reaction depends on the
large quantities If an excess X controls the metabolic A. Molecular weight of the
C. Cannot be synthesized in the pathway of the reaction, the control enzyme
body mechanism is known as, B. Protein nature of the enzyme
D. Are most abundant in animal A. Multi-enzyme control C. Activation energy of the
tissues B. Excess inhibition enzyme
22. Which one of the following does C. End product inhibition D. Surface configuration of the
not have an effect on a non- D. Negative feedback enzyme
competitive inhibition? 29. DNA is a polymer of nucleotides 35. While analyzing the DNA of an
A. Temperature change which are linked to each other by organism a total number of 5386
B. pH change 3’-5’ phosphodiester bond. To nucleotides were found out of
C. enzyme concentration prevent polymerization of which the proportion of different
D. substrate concentration nucleotides, which of the following bases were: Adenine = 29%,
23. The first genetic material could be: modifications would you choose? Guanine = 17%, Cytosine = 32%,
A. Protein A. Replace purine with Thymine = 17%. Considering the
B. Carbohydrates pyrimidines Chargaff’s rule it can be
C. DNA B. Remove/Replace 3′ OH concluded that:
D. RNA group in deoxyribose A. it is a double-stranded
24. Which one of the following C. Remove/Replace 2′ OH circular DNA
properties of water facilitates its group with some other group B. It is single-stranded DNA
efficient transportation of glucose? in deoxyribose C. It is a double-stranded linear
A. Forms hydrogen bonds with D. Both ‘b’ and ‘c’ DNA
other molecules 30. Lack of iodine in diet causes D. No conclusion can be drawn
B. Has high surface tension cretinism because iodine

JIMO – Biology Dept. 2024 2

36. Aquatic organism survives under B. Ice is less dense than water D. Warm water floats on top of
solidified water body because at 40C cold water
A. Water solidifies from bottom C. Cold water is denser than hot
to top of lakes water and falls to the bottom
37. Use the figure below, the part of reaction of the Krebs cycle to answer the question that follows.

Enzyme 2
α - keto Enzyme 1 Succinic Fumaric
glutaric acid acid acid
+
NAD NADH 2 Enzyme 3

Malic acid
Succinic acid accumulates when malic acid is added to the reaction medium. Which one of the following statement best describes
the role of malic acid?
A. Malic acid is an inhibitor of enzyme 1
B. Malic acid reacts with α-keto-glutaric acid to form succinic acid
C. Malic acid is an inhibitor of enzyme 2
D. Malic acid acts as coenzyme of enzyme 1
38. If the sequence of nitrogen bases 39. In the body, proteins combine with 40. The amino acid attaches to the
of the coding strand of DNA in a acids or bases depending on the tRNA at its:
transcription unit is: 5′ – A T G A A. Temperature of the medium A. 5′ – end
A T G – 3′, the sequence of bases B. Hydrogen ion concentration in B. 3′ – end
in its RNA transcript would be; the medium C. Anticodon site
A. 5′ – A U G A A U G – 3′ C. Number of solvent molecules D. DHU loop
B. 5′ – U A C U U A C – 3′ present in the medium
C. 5′ – C A U U C A U – 3′ D. Number of amino acid
D. 5′ – G U A A G U A – 3′ molecules in the protein

SECTION B. (60MARKS)
41. Different carbohydrates possess unique arrangements of the monomer units that give them special functions in cells of
different organisms. The figure below shows three examples of carbohydrates. Study them carefully and answer the
questions that follow.

R S T
(a) Name the examples of carbohydrates represented as: (1½marks)
R………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
S………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
T ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) State the difference in structure of
(i) R and S. (3marks)
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(ii) R and chitin. (1mark)
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(c) State the precise role of each molecule in organisms. (1½marks)
R………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
S………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
T ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(d) State how the structure of S suit to its function in cells. (3marks)
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42. The figure below an extension of organic compounds that form the chromosome in many eukaryotic cells. Study the
figure provided and use it to answer question that follow

DNA
strand

(a) Name the molecule labeled with letter C and state its function. (1½marks)
…………….……………………..……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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(b) Describe the composition of the molecules in part A. (2marks)
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…………….……………………..……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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(c) (i) State the rule that governs the formation of B in the DNA molecule. (2marks)
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(ii) in analysis of the NA molecule, it was observed to contain 14% of its bases being adenine. Determine the percentage
composition of guanine in the same molecule. (1½marks)
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(d) How is DNA adapted to store large amounts of genetic information in organisms? (3marks)
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43. Figure below shows the effect of increasing the concentration of a substrate on the rate of an enzyme controlled
reaction in presence of inhibitors A and B, in relation to the control experiment without an inhibitor.

By giving the explanation for each case, identify the curve that represents. (10marks)

JIMO – Biology Dept. 2024 5

Enzyme with competitive inhibitor
…………….……………………..……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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Enzyme without inhibitor
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Enzyme with irreversible inhibitor
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Enzyme with non-competitive inhibitor
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44. Using the structural formula below for glycerol, and molecular formula CH3(CH2)nCOOH for a fatty acid show the
formation of triglyceride from fatty acids and glycerol. (2marks)
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(b) What properties do lipids possess as storage food substances? (2marks)

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…………….……………………..……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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(c) Outline the structural and physiological functions of lipids in living organisms.
(i) Structural (3marks)
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(ii) Physiological (2marks)
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45. The figure below shows biochemical reactions and compounds that occur during protein synthesis.

DNA strand (a) (i) Name the following components in the

biochemical reaction. (2marks)
A…………….……………………..…………………
B…………….……………………..…………………
D
D…………….……………………..…………………
F…………….……………………..…………………
E
(ii) State two properties of component C. (1mark)
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F
(iii) Mention the role of structure G. (1mark)

B …………….……………………..…………………

C …………….……………………..…………………
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(b) Describe what happens in the formation of E. (3marks)

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…………….……………………..……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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(c) Explain the fate of F in the cell. (1mark)
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(d) State the adaptations of the nucleus for protein synthesis in the cell. (2marks)
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46. (a) Explain the property of enzymes that is described by the lock and key hypothesis. (2marks)
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(b) (i) Giving an example in each case, distinguish between an activator and a coenzyme in enzyme activities. (5marks)
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(ii) Mention two ways in which the working of enzymes is regulated in cells. (2marks)
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(c) State the economic application of enzymes. (3marks)
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END

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