Marcela Valencia
84405
FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT DESIGN
Calculation of Design (ESAL) for 20% increment from actual data
Given,
Method of count = 16 thus, CV*1.2
Urban, U & Arterial, A
Terrain Factor, T
Type of terrain = Flat, F
Thus, T ≔ 1.0
Lane Distribution Factor, L
Number of lanes = 3
Thus, L ≔ 0.7
Annual Growth Rate, r (%)
r ≔ 4.15%
Design Life (years)
n ≔ 20
Annual Growth Factor, TGF
((1 + r)) n - 1
TGF ≔ ―――― = 30.246
r
Subgrade Laboratory Test
CBRmean ≔ 15 ⋅ 1.70 = 25.5
CBRS.D ≔ 4.6 ⋅ 0.75 = 3.45
CBRN.D ≔ 1.282 ⋅ 1.0 = 1.282
Marcela Valencia
CV1 (actual) ≔ 400 ⋅ 0.7 = 280 84405
CV2 (actual) ≔ 275 ⋅ 1.0 = 275
CV3 (actual) ≔ 85 ⋅ 1.15 = 98
CV4 (actual) ≔ 50 ⋅ 1.05 = 53
Data of 20% increment from actual data
CV1 ≔ 280 + ((280 ⋅ 0.2)) = 336
CV2 ≔ 275 + ((275 ⋅ 0.2)) = 330
CV3 ≔ 98 + ((98 ⋅ 0.2)) = 118
CV4 ≔ 53 + ((53 ⋅ 0.2)) = 64
Average Daily Traffic, ADT
ADTvc1 ≔ 336 ⋅ 1.2 = 403.2
ADTvc2 ≔ 330 ⋅ 1.2 = 396
ADTvc3 ≔ 118 ⋅ 1.2 = 141.6
ADTvc4 ≔ 53 ⋅ 1.2 = 63.6
Load Equivalence Factor
LEF1 ≔ 0.1 LEF2 ≔ 4 LEF3 ≔ 4.4 LEF4 ≔ 1.8
Design Traffic (Traffic Category)
ESALγ1 ≔ ⎛⎝CV1 ⋅ LEF1 + CV2 ⋅ LEF2 + CV3 ⋅ LEF3 + CV4 ⋅ LEF4⎞⎠ ⋅ 365 ⋅ L ⋅ T = 5.073 ⋅ 10 5
ESALDES ≔ ESALγ1 ⋅ TGF = 1.534 ⋅ 10 7
ESALDES
―――― = 15.344 millions Thus, traffic category is T4 since
1000000 ESAL falls between 10.1 - 30 (ATJ
5/85 PINDAAN 2013, Table 2.5)
Characteristics CBR Design Input Value (DIV)
CBRvalue ≔ ⎛⎝CBRmean⎞⎠ - ⎛⎝CBRN.D - CBRS.D⎞⎠ = 27.668 % SG3 sub-grade
category since CBR falls
between 20.1 - 30 (ATJ
5/85 PINDAAN 2013,
Table 2.6 )
Marcela Valencia
RIGID PAVEMENT DESIGN 84405
Method 1: Equation Method
Given that,
Sub-base Elastic Modulus, ESB
ESB ≔ 1 ⋅ 10 6 psi
ESB;G ≔ ESB ⋅ 0.55 = 5.5 ⋅ 10 5 psi
Relative Damage, Ur
Ur ≔ 0.86
Rigid Foundation Depth (feet), D
D ≔ 7.00
LS
LS ≔ 0.00
Concrete Elastic Modulus, Ec
Ec ≔ 3 ⋅ 10 6 psi
Ec;G ≔ Ec ⋅ 0.75 = 2.25 ⋅ 10 6 psi
Concrete Modulus of Rupture, Sc
S'c ≔ 750pci
S'c;G ≔ S'c ⋅ 0.75 = 562.5 pci
PI
PI ≔ 4.3
PI;G ≔ 4.3 ⋅ 1.00 = 4.3
PT
PT ≔ 2.50
Marcela Valencia
Reliability, R 84405
Table 19.13
When Functional Classification is Principal Arterial, and Road classification is Urban;
Thus,
90
R ≔ ―― = 0.9
100
ZR ≔ -1.282
Standard Deviation, So
Typical range for So=0.30 - 0.4
Thus, So ≔ 0.35
Drainage Coefficient, Cd
Cd ≔ 1.0
With or Without Dowel, J
J = Dowel, D
Marcela Valencia
AASHTO Design Method 84405
Part 1: General Design Variables
Given that,
Design Period, n
n = 20 years
Traffic - ESAL
ESALDES = 1.534 ⋅ 10 7
Reliability, R
R = 0.9
Performance Criteria
Range of ΔPSI is within 0.5 to 3.0
Use, ΔPSI ≔ 2.0
Modulus of Subgrade Reaction, k
Pavement with subbase,
since CBRvalue = 27.668 ,
By interpolation,
20 - 10 20 - 27.668
k ; ―――― = ――――
250 - 200 250 - k
k ≔ 227.205 ###
Relative Damage, Ur
Ur = 0.86
Resilient Modulus MR,
Guess Values
MR ≔ 1
Constraints
Ur ＝ 1.18 ⋅ 10 8 ⋅ MR -2.32
Solver
MR ≔ find ⎛⎝MR⎞⎠
MR = 3.217 ⋅ 10 3
MR = 3.217 ⋅ 10 3
Marcela Valencia
AASHTO Design Method: Subgrade Strength 84405
Part 2: Subgrade Strength
Determining Subbase Thickness, DSB (inches)
Since DSB is within the range of 6 - 20 (in.),
Assumption 1: DSB1 ≔ 11 in.
Assumption 2: DSB2 ≔ 12 in.
Assumption 3: DSB3 ≔ 13 in.
Given that,
Subbase Elastic Modulus, ESB
ESB ≔ 1 ⋅ 10 6
Group ESB
ESB;G ≔ ESB ⋅ 0.70 = 7 ⋅ 10 5
Resilient Modulus MR,
MR = 3.217 ⋅ 10 3
Determining k∞ ,
After plotting,
kinf1 ≔ 650
kinf2 ≔ 700
kinf3 ≔ 750
Marcela Valencia
84405
Determining Effective Modulus of Subgrade Reaction, keff (psi)
Given that,
Corrected for potential loss of support, LS
LS = 0
After plotting,
When kinf1 = 650 , keff1 ≔ 680
When kinf2 = 700 , keff2 ≔ 720
When kinf3 = 750 , keff3 ≔ 800
Marcela Valencia
AASHTO Design Method: 84405
Part 3: Determination of Design Slab Thickness
Rigid Foundation Depth (feet), D
D=7
Subbase Thickness, DSB (in.)
DSB1 = 11
DSB2 = 12
DSB3 = 13
Effective Modulus of Subgrade Reaction, keff
keff1 = 680
keff2 = 720
keff3 = 800
Given that,
Reliability, R
R = 0.9
Standard Normal Deviation, ZR
For R = 0.9 ,
ZR ≔ -1.282
Standard Deviation, So
Typical range for So=0.30 - 0.4 Standard Deviation Table
So = 0.35 (chosen)
Drainage Coefficient, Cd
Cd = 1
Load Transfer Coefficient, J
JPCP, Tied PCC Shoulders, with Dowels
Range of 2.5 - 3.1
J ≔ 2.7 (chosen) Load Transfer Coefficient Table
W18 ≔ log ⎛⎝ESALDES⎞⎠ = 7.186
Ec;G = 2.25 ⋅ 10 6
S'c;G = 562.5
Marcela Valencia
Design Slab Thickness, D (in.) 84405
Method 1: Equation Method
Using basic equation 2.3, AASHTO, 1993 (With ΔPSI Assumed)
A) FOR keff1 = 680
First Iteration
Parameters: keff1 = 680 , DSB1 = 11 , W18 ≔ log ⎛⎝ESALDES⎞⎠ = 7.186
⎛ ΔPSI ⎞
log ⎜―――⎟ ⎛⎛ S' ⋅ C ⎞ ⎛ ⎞⎞
⎝ 4.5 - 1.5 ⎠ c;G d DSB1 0.75 - 1.132
D1;1 ≔ ZR ⋅ So + 7.35 log ⎛⎝DSB1 + 1⎞⎠ - 0.06 + ――――――― + ⎛⎝4.22 - 0.32 PT⎞⎠ log ⎜⎜―――― ⎟ ⎜―――――――⎟⎟
1.62 ⋅ 10 7 ⎜⎝ 215.63 ⋅ J ⎠ ⎜ 0.75 18.42 ⎟⎟
1.0 + ――――― ⎜ ⎜ DSB1 - ―――― ⎟⎟
⎛⎝DSB1 + 1⎞⎠ 8.46 ⎜ ⎜ ⎛ Ec;G ⎞ 0.25 ⎟⎟
⎜ ⎜ ⎜―― ⎟ ⎟⎟
⎝ ⎝ ⎜⎝ keff1 ⎟⎠ ⎠⎠
D1;1 = 7.654 D1;1 > log ⎛⎝ESALDES⎞⎠ = 7.186
Second Iteration
Parameters: keff1 = 680 , DSB1;1 ≔ 10
⎛ ΔPSI ⎞
log ⎜―――⎟ ⎛⎛ S' ⋅ C ⎞ ⎛ ⎞⎞
⎝ 4.5 - 1.5 ⎠ c;G d DSB1;1 0.75 - 1.132
D1;2 ≔ ZR ⋅ So + 7.35 log ⎛⎝DSB1;1 + 1⎞⎠ - 0.06 + ―――――――+ ⎛⎝4.22 - 0.32 PT⎞⎠ log ⎜⎜―――― ⎟ ⎜―――――――― ⎟⎟
1.62 ⋅ 10 7 ⎜⎝ 215.63 ⋅ J ⎠ ⎜ 0.75 18.42 ⎟⎟
1.0 + ――――― ⎜ D
⎜ SB1;1 - ―――― ⎟⎟
⎛⎝DSB1;1 + 1⎞⎠ 8.46 ⎜ ⎜ ⎛ Ec;G ⎞ 0.25 ⎟⎟
⎜ ⎜ ⎜―― ⎟ ⎟⎟
⎝ ⎝ ⎜⎝ keff1 ⎟⎠ ⎠⎠
D1;2 = 7.429 D1;2 > log ⎛⎝ESALDES⎞⎠ = 7.186
Third Iteration
Parameters: keff1 = 680 , DSB1;2 ≔ 8.966
⎛ ΔPSI ⎞
log ⎜―――⎟ ⎛⎛ S' ⋅ C ⎞ ⎛ ⎞⎞
⎝ 4.5 - 1.5 ⎠ c;G d DSB1;2 0.75 - 1.132
D1;3 ≔ ZR ⋅ So + 7.35 log ⎛⎝DSB1;2 + 1⎞⎠ - 0.06 + ―――――――+ ⎛⎝4.22 - 0.32 PT⎞⎠ log ⎜⎜―――― ⎟ ⎜―――――――― ⎟⎟
1.62 ⋅ 10 7 ⎜⎝ 215.63 ⋅ J ⎠ ⎜ 0.75 18.42 ⎟⎟
1.0 + ――――― ⎜ D
⎜ SB1;2 - ―――― ⎟⎟
⎛⎝DSB1;2 + 1⎞⎠ 8.46 ⎜ ⎜ ⎛ Ec;G ⎞ 0.25 ⎟⎟
⎜ ⎜ ⎜―― ⎟ ⎟⎟
⎝ ⎝ ⎜⎝ keff1 ⎟⎠ ⎠⎠
D1;3 = 7.186 D1;3 = log ⎛⎝ESALDES⎞⎠ = 7.186 ∴ Accepted
Marcela Valencia
B) FOR keff2 = 720 84405
First Iteration
Parameter: keff2 = 720 , DSB2 = 12
⎛ ΔPSI ⎞
log ⎜―――⎟ ⎛⎛ S' ⋅ C ⎞ ⎛ ⎞⎞
⎝ 4.5 - 1.5 ⎠ c;G d DSB2 0.75 - 1.132
D2;1 ≔ ZR ⋅ So + 7.35 log ⎛⎝DSB2 + 1⎞⎠ - 0.06 + ――――――― + ⎛⎝4.22 - 0.32 PT⎞⎠ log ⎜⎜―――― ⎟ ⎜―――――――⎟⎟
1.62 ⋅ 10 7 ⎜⎝ 215.63 ⋅ J ⎠ ⎜ 0.75 18.42 ⎟⎟
1.0 + ――――― ⎜ ⎜ DSB2 - ―――― ⎟⎟
⎛⎝DSB2 + 1⎞⎠ 8.46 ⎜ ⎜ ⎛ Ec;G ⎞ 0.25 ⎟⎟
⎜ ⎜ ⎜―― ⎟ ⎟⎟
⎝ ⎝ ⎜⎝ keff2 ⎟⎠ ⎠⎠
D2;1 = 7.881 D2;1 > log ⎛⎝ESALDES⎞⎠ = 7.186
Second Iteration
Parameters: keff2 = 720 , DSB2;1 ≔ 11
⎛ ΔPSI ⎞
log ⎜―――⎟ ⎛⎛ S' ⋅ C ⎞ ⎛ ⎞⎞
⎝ 4.5 - 1.5 ⎠ c;G d DSB2;1 0.75 - 1.132
D2;2 ≔ ZR ⋅ So + 7.35 log ⎛⎝DSB2;1 + 1⎞⎠ - 0.06 + ―――――――+ ⎛⎝4.22 - 0.32 PT⎞⎠ log ⎜⎜―――― ⎟ ⎜―――――――― ⎟⎟
1.62 ⋅ 10 7 ⎜⎝ 215.63 ⋅ J ⎠ ⎜ 0.75 18.42 ⎟⎟
1.0 + ――――― ⎜ D
⎜ SB2;1 - ―――― ⎟⎟
⎛⎝DSB2;1 + 1⎞⎠ 8.46 ⎜ ⎜ ⎛ Ec;G ⎞ 0.25 ⎟⎟
⎜ ⎜ ⎜―― ⎟ ⎟⎟
⎝ ⎝ ⎜⎝ keff2 ⎟⎠ ⎠⎠
D2;2 = 7.668 D2;2 > log ⎛⎝ESALDES⎞⎠ = 7.186
Third Iteration
Parameters: keff2 = 720 , DSB2;2 ≔ 8.883
⎛ ΔPSI ⎞
log ⎜―――⎟ ⎛⎛ S' ⋅ C ⎞ ⎛ ⎞⎞
⎝ 4.5 - 1.5 ⎠ c;G d DSB2;2 0.75 - 1.132
D2;3 ≔ ZR ⋅ So + 7.35 log ⎛⎝DSB2;2 + 1⎞⎠ - 0.06 + ―――――――+ ⎛⎝4.22 - 0.32 PT⎞⎠ log ⎜⎜―――― ⎟ ⎜―――――――― ⎟⎟
1.62 ⋅ 10 7 ⎜⎝ 215.63 ⋅ J ⎠ ⎜ 0.75 18.42 ⎟⎟
1.0 + ――――― ⎜ D
⎜ SB2;2 - ―――― ⎟⎟
⎛⎝DSB2;2 + 1⎞⎠ 8.46 ⎜ ⎜ ⎛ Ec;G ⎞ 0.25 ⎟⎟
⎜ ⎜ ⎜―― ⎟ ⎟⎟
⎝ ⎝ ⎜⎝ keff2 ⎟⎠ ⎠⎠
D2;3 = 7.186 D2;3 = log ⎛⎝ESALDES⎞⎠ = 7.186 ∴ Accepted
Marcela Valencia
C) FOR keff3 = 800 84405
First Iteration
Parameters: keff3 = 800 , DSB3 = 13
⎛ ΔPSI ⎞
log ⎜―――⎟ ⎛⎛ S' ⋅ C ⎞ ⎛ ⎞⎞
⎝ 4.5 - 1.5 ⎠ c;G d DSB3 0.75 - 1.132
D3;1 ≔ ZR ⋅ So + 7.35 log ⎛⎝DSB3 + 1⎞⎠ - 0.06 + ――――――― + ⎛⎝4.22 - 0.32 PT⎞⎠ log ⎜⎜―――― ⎟ ⎜―――――――⎟⎟
1.62 ⋅ 10 7 ⎜⎝ 215.63 ⋅ J ⎠ ⎜ 0.75 18.42 ⎟⎟
1.0 + ――――― ⎜ ⎜ DSB3 - ―――― ⎟⎟
⎛⎝DSB3 + 1⎞⎠ 8.46 ⎜ ⎜ ⎛ Ec;G ⎞ 0.25 ⎟⎟
⎜ ⎜ ⎜―― ⎟ ⎟⎟
⎝ ⎝ ⎜⎝ keff3 ⎟⎠ ⎠⎠
D3;1 = 8.105 D3;1 > log ⎛⎝ESALDES⎞⎠ = 7.186
Second Iteration
Parameters: keff3 = 800 , DSB3;1 ≔ 11
⎛ ΔPSI ⎞
log ⎜―――⎟ ⎛⎛ S' ⋅ C ⎞ ⎛ ⎞⎞
⎝ 4.5 - 1.5 ⎠ c;G d DSB3;1 0.75 - 1.132
D3;2 ≔ ZR ⋅ So + 7.35 log ⎛⎝DSB3;1 + 1⎞⎠ - 0.06 + ―――――――+ ⎛⎝4.22 - 0.32 PT⎞⎠ log ⎜⎜―――― ⎟ ⎜―――――――― ⎟⎟
1.62 ⋅ 10 7 ⎜ ⎝ 215.63 ⋅ J ⎠ ⎜ 0.75 18.42 ⎟⎟
1.0 + ――――― ⎜ ⎜ DSB3;1 - ――――
0.25 ⎟⎟
⎛⎝DSB3;1 + 1⎞⎠ 8.46 ⎜ ⎜ ⎛ E c;G
⎞ ⎟⎟
⎜ ⎜ ⎜―― ⎟ ⎟⎟
⎝ ⎝ ⎜⎝ keff3 ⎟⎠ ⎠⎠
D3;2 = 7.696 D3;2 > log ⎝ESALDES⎠ = 7.186
⎛ ⎞
Third Iteration
Parameters: keff3 = 800 , DSB3;2 ≔ 8.722
⎛ ΔPSI ⎞
log ⎜―――⎟ ⎛⎛ S' ⋅ C ⎞ ⎛ ⎞⎞
⎝ 4.5 - 1.5 ⎠ c;G d DSB3;2 0.75 - 1.132
D3;3 ≔ ZR ⋅ So + 7.35 log ⎛⎝DSB3;2 + 1⎞⎠ - 0.06 + ―――――――+ ⎛⎝4.22 - 0.32 PT⎞⎠ log ⎜⎜―――― ⎟ ⎜―――――――― ⎟⎟
1.62 ⋅ 10 7 ⎜⎝ 215.63 ⋅ J ⎠ ⎜ 18.42 ⎟⎟
1.0 + ――――― ⎜ ⎜ DSB3;2 0.75 - ―――― ⎟⎟
⎛⎝DSB3;2 + 1⎞⎠ 8.46 ⎜ ⎜ ⎛ Ec;G ⎞ 0.25 ⎟⎟
⎜ ⎜ ⎜ ―― ⎟ ⎟⎟
⎝ ⎝ ⎜⎝ keff3 ⎟⎠ ⎠⎠
D3;3 = 7.186 D3;3 = log ⎝⎛ESALDES⎠⎞ = 7.186 ∴ Accepted
