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Course Name: Electronics Lab.
Instructor: Izzat Tammam.
Made by: Shaima Shaheen.
ID: 21010049.
Major: Control and Robotics Engineering.
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A regulated power supply at 5V provides a stable voltage output,
ensuring consistent power for electronic devices. It's commonly
used in various applications, such as powering
microcontrollers, sensors, and other low-voltage components.
5V power supplies (or 5VDC power supplies) are one of the most
common power supplies in use today. In general, a 5VDC output
is obtained from a 50VAC or 240VAC input using a combination
of transformers, diodes and transistors. 5V power supplies can
be of two types: 5V regulated power supplies, and 5V
unregulated power supplies.5V regulated power supplies come
in three styles: Switching regulated AC to DC, Linear regulated
AC to DC, and Switching regulated DC to DC.
Step by step method to design 5V DC power supply:
Step 1: The selection of regulator IC:
The selection of a regulator IC depends on your output voltage.
In our case, we are designing for the 5V output voltage, we will
select the LM7805 linear regulator IC.
In the design process, the next thing is, that we need to know the
voltage, current, and power ratings of the selected regulator IC.
This is done by using the datasheet of the regulator IC.
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The following are the datasheet provided ratings and pin
diagram for LM7805.
The datasheet of 7805 also prescribes to use of a 0.1μF capacitor
at the output side to avoid transient changes in the voltages due
to changes in load.
And a 0.33μF at the input side of the regulator to avoid ripples if
the filtering is far away from the regulator.
Step 2: The selection of transformer
The right transformer selection means saving a lot of money. We
got to know, that the minimum input to our selected regulator IC
is 7V (See above datasheet values).
So, we need a transformer to step down the main AC to at least
this value.
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But, between the regulator and the secondary side of the
transformer, there is a diode bridge rectifier too.
The rectifier has its own voltage drop across it i.e., 1.4V. We
need to compensate for this value as well.
So mathematically:
This means we should select the transformer with a secondary
voltage value equal to 6V (RMS) or at least 10% more than 6V
(RMS).
Step 3: The selection of diodes for the bridge
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You see in the circuit diagram, the rectifier circuit is made by
arranging diodes in some patterns. To make a rectifier we need
to select the proper diodes for it.
When selecting a diode for the bridge circuit. Keep in mind the
output load current, and maximum secondary voltage of the
transformer i-e 6V(RMS) in our case.
The selected diode must have the current rating more than the
load current (i.e. in this case is 250mA). And peak reverse
voltage (PIV) more than peak secondary transformer voltage.
Step 4: The Selection of smoothing capacitor and calculations
Things we need to keep in mind while selecting a proper
capacitor filter are, its voltage, power rating, and capacitance
value.
The voltage rating is calculated from the secondary voltage of a
transformer.
The rule of thumb is, that the capacitor voltage rating must be at
least 20% more than the secondary voltage.
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So, if the secondary voltage is 8.4 V (Peak value for 6V (RMS)),
then your capacitor voltage rating must be at least 50V.
Second, we need to calculate the proper capacitance value. It
depends upon the output voltage and the ripple factor (the
effectiveness measure of the capacitor filter).
If you remember I shared, in the beginning, that we want to
design a 5v power supply for at least a 3% ripple factor.
Calculations for capacitor value in power supply design:
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So, the capacitor which we gonna use for our design is 470uF.
A monostable 555 timer is configured to operate in a one-shot
mode. It produces a single output pulse in response to an
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external trigger signal. The pulse duration is determined by
external resistor and capacitor values. This mode is useful for
applications like time delay circuits and pulse generators.
A basic amplifier using one transistor is often constructed in a
common-emitter configuration. The transistor amplifies the
input signal. By biasing the transistor appropriately with
resistors, it can provide signal amplification. This simple setup
is often used in educational projects or low-power audio
applications.
A relay is an electromechanical switch that uses an
electromagnetic coil to control the switching of one or more
contacts. When the coil is energized, it generates a magnetic
field, causing the contacts to change position. Relays are
commonly used to control high-voltage circuits with low-voltage
signals, making them versatile in applications like automation,
electronics, and electrical systems.
To create a sequence lighting effect for two 230V lamps, you can
use a sequencer circuit. This circuit can be built using
components like timers or microcontrollers to control the timing
of each lamp. The sequence can be programmed to turn on and
off the lamps in a specific order or pattern. Ensure proper
isolation and safety measures when working with high-voltage
circuits.
