Chapter 1 – Introduction

Background of the Study

Extracurricular activities have long been recognized as a vital component of education,

complementing academic programs. Participating in activities enhances skills such as creativity,

collaboration, time management, and communication. Furthermore, involvement in sports, arts,

or clubs contributes to the physical and mental well-being of students, boosting their self-esteem

and confidence. Participating in extracurricular activities has positive effects on students’

success. More than 80% of youth participate in extracurricular activities (Fredricks, 2011, p.

379). Being involved in extracurricular activities offers important opportunities for adolescent

development (Blomfield & Barber, 2009), such as peer relations, appropriate social conduct, and

basic skills for academic achievement (Metsapelto & Pulkkinen, 2012).

Despite the benefits of joining, many schools face problems and challenges in encouraging and

requiring student participation. Factors such as lack of resources or money to contribute, limited

time, and academic pressures have led to a decline in student engagement in extracurricular

programs. Additionally, some students and parents perceive these activities as distractions from

academic success rather than opportunities for development.

In recent years, educational institutions have introduced incentives such as rewards, certificates,

and even exam exemptions to motivate participation.

Research conducted by Dungs et al., (2017), indicated the benefit of extracurricular activities in

fostering the learning experiences of students and their competence in innovation. It mainly

depends on the cognition and thinking ability of students to develop competence in innovation.

Extracurricular activities like role-playing and drama foster the thinking ability of students and

encourage them to empower with imagination and creativity which further enable them to think

differently (Kuimova&Polyushko, 2015).Dramatization is also helpful in enhancing critical

reasoning, communication, collaboration, and more positive interpersonal relation (Kuimova et

al., 2016).Different extracurricular activities enable students to enhance their ability to think

innovatively and develop other essential work-related skills. In this way, other such

extracurricular activities like science exhibitions or projects nurture critical and creative thinking

skills.

This study aims to explore the impact of extracurricular activities on students' well-being and

academic performance at LMNHS. By examining the experiences and outcomes of students

involved in these activities, this research seeks to provide valuable insights that can guide the

development of programs and interventions that promote holistic student development.

Statement of the Problem

Research Hypothesis

I. Academic Performance

There is no significant difference in attendance rates among students participating in

extracurricular activities compared to those who do not.

in extracurricular activities compared to those who do not.

There is no significant difference in class participation levels among students participating in

extracurricular activities compared to those who do not.

II. Effect of Extracurricular Activities on Well-being

Students participating in extracurricular activities will exhibit significantly higher levels of

cognitive well-being than students who do not.

Students participating in extracurricular activities will exhibit significantly higher levels of

affective well-being than students who do not.

Students participating in extracurricular activities will exhibit significantly more positive

behavioral indicators than students who do not.

III. Relationship between Demographics and Extracurricular Activities/Academic

Performance

There is no significant relationship between demographic variables (age, sex, monthly

allowance) and participation in extracurricular activities.

There is no significant relationship between demographic variables (age, sex, monthly

allowance) and academic performance (attendance, compliance, class participation).

This study aims to determine the impact of extracurricular activities on student’s well-being and

academic performance among Luciano Millan National High School grade 9 students.

This study will be conducted at Luciano Millan National High School with (8 sections ba?) of

the total of 350? students in the Year 2024-2025.

This study limits its coverage only to the Grade 9 High School students of Luciano Millan

National High School.

Significance of the Study

The results of the study were beneficial to the following:

Students. This study can help students identify which activities are most effective in improving

their academic performance and encourage them to participate in those activities.

Researchers. The study findings can provide researchers with valuable insights into the effect of

extracurricular activities on academic performance. This information can help researchers

identify areas for further investigation and inform the development of future studies.

Teachers. It helps teachers make informed decisions about recommending or supervising

extracurricular activities for their students. They can suggest activities that are more likely to

have a positive impact on academic performance.

Parents. This study can help parents make informed decisions about their child's extracurricular

activities and encourage their child to participate in activities that are most beneficial for their

academic success.
School Administrators. They can use this study to inform about which extracurricular activities

to offer and how to promote participation in those activities.

Future Researchers. This study can provide a foundation for future researchers to build upon.

By studying the effect of extracurricular activities on academic performance, future researchers

can explore new areas of investigation.

Definition of Terms

To give clarify to the readers; the following terms are defined contextually and

operationally.

Extracurricular Activities - activities that are not part of the standard academic curriculum but are

pursued by students outside of regular school hours. These may include sports, arts, music, or

any non-academic pursuits.

Academic Curriculum - structured set of courses, lessons, and learning objectives provided by

educational institutions, focusing on core subjects like math, science, and english.

Students - individuals enrolled in an educational institution.

Participation - act of being actively involved in or contributing to academic or extracurricular

activities.

Skill Development - process of acquiring or improving abilities/skills.

Impact - influence or effect of extracurricular activities may have on a student’s academic

performance.
Time Management - ability of students to effectively plan and allocate time to balance academic

responsibilities with extracurricular involvement.

Self-Esteem - student’s overall sense of self-worth, confidence or personal value.

Motivation - internal drive that pushes students to pursue activities outside the academic setting.

Extrinsic Benefits - tangible rewards or outcomes from participating in extracurriculars.

Chapter 3 – Methodology

Research Design

The study utilized a quantitative approach, specifically a descriptive-comparative survey

design, to gather data on the impact of extracurricular activities on Grade 9 student well-being

and academic performance at Luciano Millan National High School. A sample population of

Grade 9 students was recruited through stratified random sampling to ensure representation

across various extracurricular activity types (e.g., sports, arts, academic clubs) and non-

participants.

The researchers employed a validated self-report questionnaire to measure the

respondents’ well-being, including emotional, social, and physical dimensions, as well as their

engagement in extracurricular activities (e.g., frequency, type, and duration). Academic

performance data, such as grades and attendance, were collected from school records with

administrative approval. Additionally, demographic information such as age, gender, and

socioeconomic status was gathered to analyze potential correlations with well-being and

academic performance.
 Descriptive-comparative statistics were used to analyze the distribution of well-being and

academic performance across student profiles and participation levels in extracurricular

activities.

By exploring these relationships, the study aimed to provide a comprehensive understanding of

how extracurricular activities influence student outcomes. The findings are expected to inform

the development of strategies to maximize the benefits of extracurricular involvement, promoting

both student well-being and academic success.

Sampling Technique

Respondents of the Study

The respondents of this study will be the students of LUCIANO MILLAN NATIONAL

HIGH SCHOOL. Specifically, the target population will include all Grade 9 students who are

currently enrolled in the academic year 2024-2025.

A random sample technique will be employed to select a sample size of (sample size)

students. This method ensures that each student in the population has an equal chance of being

selected, thereby enhancing the generalizability of the findings.

Data Collection Instrument

The researchers will use pen-and-paper survey approach to understand the relationships

between participation in extracurricular activities and the well-being and academic performance
of Grade 9 students at LMNHS. The survey instrument will be used to gather data from students

about their experiences with extracurricular activities, their perceptions of their well-being, and

their academic performance.

The survey will be designed as a structured questionnaire with a combination of closed-ended

and open-ended questions. The instrument will divide into 4 main sections. The first section

aimed to gather information about the demographic profile of the respondents such student ID

no., gender, age, and grade level. The second section are about the extracurricular activities’

participation. The third section is the well-being measures. The forth section will the academic

performance.

Data Collection Procedure

The researchers created a structured questionnaire used to gather relevant information.

Formal permission was sought from the office of the School Head for a survey to be conducted

on the Grade 9 students. Upon approval, the questionnaire was administered, explained the

purpose of the study, emphasized the voluntary nature of participation and assured the

confidentiality of all responses at the same time. The collected data was then systematically

organized, analyzed and interpreted. Statistical techniques were used to draw results from the

data.

Statistical Treatment of Data

To analyze and interpret the data, the researchers used the following statistical procedure to
properly analyze the findings and respond to the study's challenges.
To establish the demographics of the respondents, the researchers took frequency counts and
percentages from the respondent's profiles, using the formula:
𝑓
% = × 100%
𝑛
where, % – percentage of profile;
f – frequency of respondent; and
n – total number of respondents.
The researchers utilized the Likert scale with the Frequency Weighted Mean formula to
determine the of impact of extracurricular activities on grade 9 student well-being and academic
performance at Luciano Millan National Highschool

𝛴𝑓𝑥
𝐹𝑊𝑀 = _____
𝑛
where, FWM – Frequency Weighted Mean;
Σfx – the sum of all the products of f and x;
f – frequency of respondents;
x – point value of classification; and
n – total number of respondents.