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Abstract
In this paper, we have developed a high security,simple and reliable wireless
communication system to monitor and to control devices that are far away from
the user by making a call. The mobile which is connected to the system is kept in
‘auto answer’ mode. Using DTMF technology, any devices can be switched and
controlled by pressing the corresponding buttons during the course of a call.
These tones are then decoded by using a DTMF decoder and the corresponding
devices are chosen. Initially an authenticated signal is sent from the user’s cellular
phone via Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) network to the phone
which is fixed to the equipment. This signal or code consists of the information
about the function or action to be taken place i.e. what appliance should be turned
off or turned on. The receiver phone receives the DTMF signal or a SMS message
that is send from the user’s phone and then sends it to the DTMF decoder or the
GSM modem which in turn sends the output digital signal to the microcontroller.
Then the microcontroller, based on the received signal, controls the different
relays connected through ULN2003 (Darlington transistor) and triggers the
required appliance.
Key words: GSM communication, Wireless Control, SMS, DTMF
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
Has technology transformed human kind into omniscient being? Years back,

communication was gone through difficult means like travelling to the destination

of the second party, posting letters test. Today people can communicate easily

through various means like e-mailing, face booking, GSM etc. The new age of

technology has redefined communication, most people nowadays have access to

mobile phones and thus the world indeed has become a global village. At any

given moment, any particular individual can be contacted with the mobile phone.

But application of mobile phones cannot be restricted to sending SMS or starting

conversation. New innovation and ideas can be generated from it that can further

enhance its capabilities. Technologies such as infra-red, Bluetooth etc which has

developed in recent years goes to show the very fact that improvement are infact

possible and those improvement have eased our life and the way we live. Remote

management of several home and offices appliances is a subject of growing

interest and in recent years we have seen many systems providing such controls.

These days, apart from supporting voice calls, a mobile phone can be used to send

text message as well as multimedia message (that may contain pictures, graphics,

animation, etc). Sending written text messages is very popular among mobile

phone users. Instant messaging as it is known, allows an individual to share ideas,

opinions and other relevant information. I have used this to design a system that

allows a platform to receive calls which infact are commands sent to control

different appliances and device connected to the platform. The design of this

control system system is based on the GSM technology that effectively allows
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control from a remote area to the desired location. The application of the suggested

system is immense in the ever changing technological world. It allows a greater

degree of freedom to an individual whether it is controlling the household

appliances or office equipments. The need to be physically presenting order to

control appliances of a certain location eliminated with the use of this system.

The research is borne out of the need for man to control electrical devices that are

remotely located to him. Anything from home devices such as alarms, heaters, air

conditioner and so on, IT equipment such as routers and servers can be controlled.

The desire for man to control an object that is remotely located to him has been for

many ages. However, the technology that meets the perfect desire in this respect

has not been obtained, though there is increasing improvement in technology that

struggles to meet this need in terms of accuracy, speed, ease of operation and

limitless operation point. The introduction of the global system for mobile

communication (GSM) and particularly the use of hand-held mobile phones

brought the innovation of distance communication at remote location. Based on

this, research utilizes this facility for remote control of systems and appliances,

take for instance, a man on a journey inside his car suddenly remembers that he

left the air conditioner (AC) ON when it was supposed to be OFF. The normal

condition is to drive back and switch OFF. But with the GSM mobile phone in the

hand, one looks on how the same could be used to effect control at any point and

time.

1.1 Statement of problem

Technology has advanced so much in the last decade or two that it has made life

more efficient and comfortable. The comfort of being able to take control of
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devices from one particular location has become imperative (i.e. important) as it

saves a lot of time and effort. Therefore there arises a need to do so in a systematic

manner which will be implemented in the proposed system. The system is an

extended approach to automating a control system. With the advancement and

breakthrough in technology over the years, the lives of people have become busier

than before. With the adoption of this system, we can gain control over certain

things that require constant attention. The application of this system comes in

handy when people who forget to do simple things such as turn ON or OFF

devices at their homes or at their offices. They can now d so without their presence

by the transmission of a simple call from their mobile phone. This development , I

believe will ultimately save a lot of time especially when people do not have to

come back for simple things such as to turn ON or OFF at their homes or at their

office once they set out for their respective work or appointment.
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LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Brief History of tone Recognition Device

Despite the fact that the largest stride in the development of tone recognition

device has occurred in the past two decades. This aspect of technology really

began with Alexander Graham Bells invention at about 1870. In this

discovery, conversion of sound waves into electrical signals started the

process of exploring scientific and mathematical basis for understanding

tones.

Bell laboratories in the 50s developed the first effective tone recognition for

numbers. At about 1970, the American research project agency (ARPA) after

various researches on speech understanding developed the technology

further focusing particularly on the fact that the objective of automatic tone

recognition is the understanding of speech not merely words. By the 80s

distinct types of products were available, they offered speaker-independent

recognition useful for telephones transfer processing, development of large

vocabulary voice recognition systems such that documents could be created

by voice dictation (Kurzweil, Dragon IBM).

The last two decades has invariably experienced a developed of voice

recognition to the point of real-time continuous speech systems with

exceptional high accuracy.

2.2 Related works

During the course of research, some related works were found which are explained below

Dial2open GSM remote control and GSM alarm: the Dial2open GSM is a remote control

switch that connects to the GSM mobile phone network. It enables one to open automated

gate, barriers and garage doors using a mobile phone-.dial”Simplythedial2open

which“speedidentifiesyou as an authorized user and the automatic gate, barrier or door

open. There is no call costs incurred when calling without answering easily programmed by

SMS text message, authorized telephone numbers can be added or deleted as required.

GSM based device ON-OFF control especially designed for agricultural needs

The device consist of GSM modem, microcontroller, motor stater, relays, memory and

display. If the user wants to control some devices in his house he/she have to send the SMS

message indicating the operation of the device and then the system password, while the

MODEM embedded with the system microcontroller receives SMS. The microcontroller

will read SMS and check for the password the user had sent with the SMS. If the password

is correct then it will check whether the massage is for switch ON or OFF the motor.

According to the received message, the controller will switch on/off the relays. The device

is password controlled; therefore only people who know thw device password are capable of

controlling the device. The relay or buzzer are controlled by the microcontroller using

single pins i.e. giving high means device will be switch on and vise versa. Sometimes it can

be interchanged according to the transistors used to drive the devices.

GSM-Auto Remote control switch: the GSM-auto is a remote control switch, it connects

to the cell phone and like a cell phone has its own cell phone number. The GSM-auto is

activated by calling its cell phone number, it will recognize an authorized telephone number
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calling it, rejects the call without answering and switches on/off the device connected to it

because it rejects the call without answering there is no call cost incurred. It has two

independent relays switches with normally open or normally closed switch contacts, these

can be programmed to switch on for a pre-determined length of time whenever the GSM-

auto is called, alternatively the switches can be permanently switched ON or OFF by

sending the GSM-auto a short message service (SMS). Applications include the remote

control of Hein holiday homes, lighting, engine pre-heaters, aviation engine heaters,

irrigation systems, water well pumps and reboots of remote servers and routers, arming and

disarming security systems etc.

In the above related work, since the short message system (SMS) are used there is a

disadvantage of late delivery of SMS because of traffic on the networks. Users might not be

able to track what appliances is ON at a particular time. In subsequent study of this project,

the GSM control system will take advantage of the keypad tone hence ensuring that users

track each equipment just by the press of a button.

WHY GSM ?

Because GSM is the one of the most used communication networks today . Almost every

person has a mobile station these days , which are used as terminals for the voice calls , they

can also be used for many other applications . Now, If we use it for controlling distant home

appliances it will be very beneficiary because of two reasons:

1. The wireless remote controls for appliances are expensive and also it is also difficult

for any individual to carry many remote controllers .

2. Now, If we use only the single mobile for communicating with many devices and
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voice calls also .The User has to carry a single Mobile.

3. Mobile Stations are incorporated with many functions so why not to add few more .

DTMF

The DTMF (Dual Tone Multiple Frequency) application is associated with digital

telephony, and provides two selected output frequencies (one high band, one low band). The

matrix for selecting the high and low band frequencies associated with each key. Each key

is uniquely referenced by selecting one of the four low band frequencies associated with the

matrix rows, coupled with selecting one of the four high band frequencies associated with
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the matrix columns. The low band frequencies are 697, 770, 852, and 941 Hz, while the

high band frequencies are 1209, 1336 and 1477 Hz. The DTMF subroutine assumes that the

key decoding is supplied as a low order hex digit in the accumulator.

If we press 1

The corresponding signal produced

DTMF DECODER

DTMF decoder is a very easy to use Integrated Circuit to decode DTMF dial tones found on

telephone lines with touch tone phones. The frequencies used for the DTMF (dual-tone,

multi-frequency) system, which is also referred to as tone dialling are 697, 770, 852, and

941 Hz at low pass filter and1209, 1336 , 1477 Hz at high pass filter . These frequency

signals are encoded as a pair of sinusoidal (sine wave) tones from the table below which are

mixed with each other. So, we need to decode it for knowing which digit was pressed at the

Encoder .DTMF is used by most PSTN (public switched telephone networks) systems for

number dialling, and is also used for voice-response systems such as telephone banking and

sometimes over private radio networks to provide signalling and transferring of small

amounts of data.

A Decoder need to have many units like High pass filters for Higher frequencies

correspondingly Low pass Filters , and most of the IC have Zero crossing Detector circuit

for Couting the frequency and many other Units . The unit will not detect numbers dialled

using pulse dialling. Circuit uses a CM8870 DTMF receiver chip and pre-programmed

microcontroller.
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8051 MICROCONTROLLER

An embedded microcontroller is a chip, which has a computer processor with all its support

function (clocking and reset), memory (both program storage and RAM), and I/O (including

bus interfaces) built into the device. These built in function minimize the need for external

circuits and devices to the designed in the final applications. The improvements in micro-

controller technology has meant that it is often more cost effective, faster and more efficient

to develop an application using a micro-controller .

There are two types of micro-controller commonly in use. Embedded micro-controller is the

micro-controller, which has the entire hardware requirement to run the application, provided

on the chip. External memory micro-controller is the micro-controller that allows the

connection of external memory when the program memory is insufficient for an application

or during the work a separate ROM (or even RAM) will make the work easier.
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FEATURES OF 8051

 128 bytes of RAM

 16 bit address bus

 4 Parallel Ports

 1 Serial port

 4K ROM

 6 Interrupts Sources

 less power consumption

 16-bit program counter and data pointer

 32 general purpose registers each of 8 bits

 ROM on 8051 is 4 Kbytes in size

 2 Timers
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RELAYS

A relay is an electrically operated switch. Relays are used where it is necessary to control a

circuit by a low-power signal with complete electrical isolation between control and

controlled circuit

SOLID STATE RELAYS

A solid-state relay is an ON-OFF control device in which the load current is conducted by

one or more semiconductors - e.g., a power transistor, an SCR, or a TRIAC. (The SCR and

TRIAC are often called “thyristors,” a term derived by combining thyratron and transistor,

since thyristors are triggered semiconductor switches.)

Like all relays, the SSR requires relatively low controlcircuit energy to switch the output

state from OFF to ON, or vice versa. Since this control energy is very much lower than the

output power controllable by the relay at full load, "power gain" in an SSR is substantial--

frequently much higher than in an electromagnetic relay of comparable output rating. To put

it another way, the sensitivity of an SSR is often significantly higher than that of an EMR of

comparable output rating.

Photo-coupled SSR's (see figure 3), in which the control signal is applied to a light or

infrared source (usually, a light-emitting diode, or LED), and the radiation from that source

is detected in a photosensitive semi-conductor (i.e., a photosensitive diode, a photo-

sensitive transistor, or a photo-sensitive thyristor). The output of the photo-sensitive device

is then used to trigger (gate) the TRIAC or the SCR's that switch the load current. Clearly,

the only significant “coupling path” between input and output is the beam of light or

infrared radiation, and electrical isolation is excellent. These SSR's are also referred to as

“optically coupled” or “photo-isolated”.

CONCLUSION
This design and construction of a remote system using GSM network was

carried out considering some factors, which includes availability of

components, cost effectiveness of design, economic application, research

materials, efficiency, portability and finally its durability. The system after

completion and normal test met the expected design specification and

performance. But misuse of the system by end users may probably lead to

lapses in the system performance. The system was designed and constructed

in such a way that maintenance and repairs are easily done in the case of

faults. Soldering techniques and practical electronic were carefully studied

and the experience gain from it was instrumental to the success of this project.
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REFERENCES

Douglas V. H. (1999). Microprocessor and Interfacing –programming and

hardware .Tata McGraw Hill 2nd Edition http://cslu.cse.ogi.edu/asr/ .

http://murray.newcastle.edu.au/users/staff/speech/home_pages/tutorial_sr.html.
Jelinek F. (1997). Statistical Methods for Speech Recognition. Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, Cambridge.

John Iovine. (June 1995). DTMF IR Remote Control System.

Rabiner L.R, Juang B.H. (1986). An introduction to HMMs. IEEE ASSP

Magazine 3.

Rabiner L.R., Juang B.H. (1993). Fundamentals of Speech Recognition.

Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.

Robert L. Boylestad,,Louis Nashelsky. (1999). Electronic Devices and Circuit

Theory (Eight Edition).

http://pdf1.alldatasheet.com/datasheet-pdf/view/77085/MITEL/MT8870.html

Mazidi, Muhammad Ali, The 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded Systems

SOLID STATE RELAY HAND BOOK

http://chipscity.com/downloads/Projects/GSM%20based%20Control

%20System.pdf

www.wikipedia.com

8051 MICROCONTROLLERS by SATISH SHAH

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