What is Red Data Book?
The Red Data Book is a public document that is created for recording endangered and rare species of plants, animals, fungi as well
as some local subspecies that are present in a particular region.
The Red Data Book helps us in providing complete information for research, studies and also for monitoring the programs on rare
and endangered species and their habitats.
This book is mainly created to identify and protect those species which are on the verge of extinction.
Brief History of the Red Data Book
The name of this book has its origins in Russia, it was originally known as the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation or the RDBRF. The
book was based on research conducted between 1961 and 1964 by biologists in Russia. Hence, it is also called the Russian Red Data Book.
Currently, the International Union for Conservation of Nature maintains the Red Data Book. IUCN is the world’s most detailed inventory centre
of the global conservation status of biological species. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) was founded in 1948 with
an aim to maintain a complete record of every species that ever lived.
The Red Data Book contains the complete list of threatened species. The main aim behind this documentation is to provide complete information
for research and analysis of different species.
The Red Data Book contains colour-coded information sheets, which are arranged according to the extinction risk of many species and
subspecies.
Black represents species that are confirmed to be extinct.
Red represents species that are endangered
Amber for those species whose status is considered to be vulnerable
White is assigned for species that are rare
Green for species that were formerly endangered, but their numbers have started to recover
Grey coloured for the species that are classified as vulnerable, endangered, or rare but sufficient
information is not available to be properly classified.
In a nutshell, the Red Data Book indexes species as:
Threatened
Not threatened
Unknown
Furthermore, The Red Data Book also has information as to why a species has become extinct along with the population trends and the extent of
its range (distribution).
Also Read: Flagship Species
Advantages of the Red Data Book
It helps in identifying all animals, birds and other species about their conservation status.
It is used to evaluate the population of a particular species.
The data available in this book can be used to evaluate the taxa at the global level.
With the help of this book, we can estimate the risk of taxa becoming globally extinct.
Provides a framework or guidelines for implementing protective measures for endangered
species.
Disadvantages of the Red Data Book
The information available in the Red Data Book is incomplete. Many species, both extinct and
extant are not updated in this book.
The source of the book’s data has been speculated and has been mired in controversy.
This book maintains the complete record of all animals, plants, other species but it has no
information about the microbes.
Red Data Book of India
Red Data Book of India includes the conservation status of animals and plants which are endemic to the Indian subcontinent. The data for this
book is provided through surveys which are conducted by the Zoological Survey of India and the Botanical Survey of India under the guidance of
the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change.
Also Refer: Biodiversity
Critically endangered mammals as per the Red Data List of India include:
Kondana Rat
Malabar Civet
Kashmir Stag
River Dolphins
Critically endangered arthropods include:
Rameshwaram Parachute spider
Peacock Tarantula
Critically endangered fish include:
Pookode Lake barb
Ganges River shark
Pondicherry shark
Critically endangered amphibians and reptiles include:
Gharial
White-spotted bush frog
