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Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive medical imaging technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to create detailed images of organs and tissues. It has various indications across multiple areas including the brain, spinal cord, musculoskeletal system, abdomen, pelvis, cardiac, and pregnancy, but has contraindications such as pacemakers and metallic implants. While MRI offers advantages like high-resolution images without radiation, it also has disadvantages including high costs, potential false positives, and challenges for claustrophobic patients.

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14 views2 pages

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive medical imaging technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to create detailed images of organs and tissues. It has various indications across multiple areas including the brain, spinal cord, musculoskeletal system, abdomen, pelvis, cardiac, and pregnancy, but has contraindications such as pacemakers and metallic implants. While MRI offers advantages like high-resolution images without radiation, it also has disadvantages including high costs, potential false positives, and challenges for claustrophobic patients.

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mariam diab
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Magnetic resonance imaging

(MRI)
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a medical imaging technique that uses a magnetic field and
computer-generated radio waves to create detailed images of the organs and tissues in your body.

1. MRI indications
Magnetic resonance imaging is increasingly being used for diagnosis and follow up. The
wide range of indications can be grouped under:

• Brain – indications include stroke, temporal lobe epilepsy, infection, inflammation, tumour,
multiple sclerosis (MS), dementia, post-trauma, metabolic disorders, congenital malformations,
internal auditory canal pathology, vascular pathology, pituitary fossa pathology, nerve palsies
and metabolic disorders.
• Spinal cord – indications include radiculopathy, myelopathy, MS, inflammation, infection,
tumour, congenital malformation, postoperative investigation and post-trauma.
• Musculoskeletal (MSK) – indications include all MSK system: joints for derangement, infection,
inflammation, post-trauma, tumour and vascular pathologies. Plain films are still very useful.
• Abdomen and pelvis – investigates pathology of the various organs including tumours, vascular
pathologies, infection, inflammation, congenital abnormalities and metabolic disorders. Used for
detection of local invasion of rectal, prostatic and cervical carcinomas, and assessing the
anatomy in peri-anal fistulae.
• Cardiac – indications include ischaemia, tumour, infiltrative diseases, congenital malformation
and cardiomyopathy
• Pregnancy – indications for the placental position and invasion, as well as reviewing foetal
anomalies, particularly cerebral.

2. MRI contraindications

• Pacemaker.
• Metallic foreign body in the eye.
• Deep brain stimulator.
• Bullets or gunshot pellets.
• Cerebral aneurysm clips.
• Cochlear implant.
3. MRI Advantages
• MRI is non-invasive and does not use radiation
• MRI does not involve radiation
• MRI contrasting agent is less likely to produce an allergic reaction that may occur when
iodine-based substances are used for x-rays and CT scans
• MRI gives extremely clear, detailed images of soft-tissue structures that other imaging
techniques cannot achieve
• MRI can easily create hundreds of images from almost any direction and in any orientation
• Unlike techniques that examine small parts of the body (i.e. ultrasound or mammography)
MRI exams can cover large portions of the body
• MRI can determine if a cancer has spread, and help determine the best treatment

4. MRI Disadvantages
• MRI is expensive
• MRI will not be able to find all cancers (i.e. breast cancers indicated by microcalcifications)
• MRI cannot always distinguish between malignant tumors or benign disease (such as
breast fibroadenomas), which could lead to a false positive results
• MRI is not painful, but the patient must remain still in an enclosed machine, which may be a
problem for claustrophobic patients
• An undetected metal implant in a patient’s body may be affected by the strong magnet of
the MRI unit
• There is a small chance that a patient could develop an allergic reaction to the contrasting
agent, or that a skin infection could develop at the site of injection
• If a patient chooses to be sedated for the scanning, there is a slight risk associated with
using the sedation medication

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