Grammar Exercise: Year 9

1. Tenses
Choose the correct tense form in the following sentences:
a) By the time you arrive, I ______ (finish) my homework.
b) She said that she ______ (go) to the party last night.
c) If I ______ (study) harder, I would have passed the test.
d) He ______ (live) in New York for five years before he moved to London.
e) I ______ (wait) for you for an hour before you finally arrived.

2. Conditional Sentences
Complete the sentences using the correct conditional form (first, second, or third conditionals):
a) If I had known you were coming, I ______ (prepare) something special.
b) If I ______ (be) you, I would take that job offer.
c) If you ______ (study) more, you will pass the exam.
d) If I ______ (win) the lottery, I would buy a new house.
e) If we had left earlier, we ______ (not, miss) the train.

3. Active vs. Passive Voice

Rewrite the following sentences in the passive voice:
a) The teacher will explain the lesson tomorrow.
b) The chef prepared the meal with great care.
c) The company is launching a new product next week.
d) The storm has destroyed several homes.
e) They should finish the report by the end of the day.

4. Reported Speech
Change the following sentences into reported speech:
a) "I will call you tomorrow," said Sarah.
b) "We are going to the movies tonight," he said.
c) "Did you see the game last night?" John asked.
d) "Don't open the door!" she shouted.
e) "I have been working here for five years," said the manager.

5. Relative Clauses
Complete the sentences by adding an appropriate relative clause:
a) The book ______ I am reading is really interesting.
b) The woman ______ lives next door is very friendly.
c) This is the place ______ we first met.
d) He bought the car ______ was on sale last week.
e) The reason ______ I called you is to invite you to my party.

6. Modals
Complete the sentences with the correct modal verbs (must, should, could, might, can’t, etc.):
a) You ______ be very tired after your long journey.
b) I ______ finish this project by tomorrow or I'll get into trouble.
c) She ______ have gone to the store; her car is not here.
d) You ______ apologize for being rude earlier.
e) They ______ be at home right now, but I'm not sure.

7. Subject-Verb Agreement
Choose the correct verb form:
a) The team ______ (is/are) playing well this season.
b) Neither of the students ______ (has/have) completed the assignment.
c) Every one of the cookies ______ (was/were) eaten by the children.
d) The news ______ (is/are) very surprising.
e) The children, along with their parents, ______ (was/were) at the park yesterday.

8. Correct the Errors

Find and correct the grammatical mistakes in the following sentences:
a) She don’t like swimming in the ocean.
b) They was late for the meeting because of the traffic.
c) I have went to that museum many times.
d) The books on the shelf is covered in dust.
e) He enjoy playing basketball every weekend.
Answer Key
1. Tenses:
a) By the time you arrive, I will have finished my homework.
b) She said that she had gone to the party last night.
c) If I had studied harder, I would have passed the test.
d) He had lived in New York for five years before he moved to London.
e) I had been waiting for you for an hour before you finally arrived.

2. Conditional Sentences:
a) If I had known you were coming, I would have prepared something special.
b) If I were you, I would take that job offer.
c) If you study more, you will pass the exam.
d) If I won the lottery, I would buy a new house.
e) If we had left earlier, we would not have missed the train.

3. Active vs. Passive Voice:

a) The lesson will be explained by the teacher tomorrow.
b) The meal was prepared with great care by the chef.
c) A new product is being launched by the company next week.
d) Several homes have been destroyed by the storm.
e) The report should be finished by the end of the day.

4. Reported Speech:
a) Sarah said that she would call me tomorrow.
b) He said that they were going to the movies that night.
c) John asked if I had seen the game the previous night.
d) She shouted not to open the door.
e) The manager said that he had been working there for five years.

5. Relative Clauses:
a) The book that I am reading is really interesting.
b) The woman who lives next door is very friendly.
c) This is the place where we first met.
d) He bought the car that was on sale last week.
e) The reason why I called you is to invite you to my party.

6. Modals:
a) You must be very tired after your long journey.
b) I must finish this project by tomorrow or I'll get into trouble.
c) She might have gone to the store; her car is not here.
d) You should apologize for being rude earlier.
e) They might be at home right now, but I'm not sure.

7. Subject-Verb Agreement:
a) The team is playing well this season.
b) Neither of the students has completed the assignment.
c) Every one of the cookies was eaten by the children.
d) The news is very surprising.
e) The children, along with their parents, were at the park yesterday.

8. Correct the Errors:

a) She doesn't like swimming in the ocean.
b) They were late for the meeting because of the traffic.
c) I have gone to that museum many times.
d) The books on the shelf are covered in dust.
e) He enjoys playing basketball every weekend.
Advanced Grammar Exercise:
1. Tense and Aspect
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate verb form:
a) By the time the meeting starts, I ______ (complete) my report.
b) I wish I ______ (know) the answer to that question during the interview.
c) If he ______ (study) harder, he would be at university now.
d) She ______ (work) on this project for two months when she received a better offer.
e) At this time next year, I ______ (graduate) from college.

2. Subjunctive Mood
Rewrite the following sentences using the subjunctive mood where necessary:
a) It is essential that she ______ (be) present at the meeting.
b) I wish he ______ (come) to the party last night.
c) If I ______ (be) the president, I would implement stronger policies on climate change.
d) The teacher suggested that the student ______ (submit) the paper before the deadline.
e) If only he ______ (know) the truth, things would be different.

3. Advanced Conditionals
Complete the sentences with the correct conditional form:
a) If it weren’t for his help, we ______ (fail) the project.
b) Had it not been for the rain, they ______ (arrive) on time.
c) You would have passed the exam if you ______ (not, skip) so many classes.
d) Provided that she ______ (practice) more, she could win the competition.
e) Were I ______ (choose) the manager, the team would be more organized.

4. Advanced Passive Voice

Rewrite the following sentences in the passive voice:
a) They should have completed the task by now.
b) The company will announce the new policy next week.
c) The researchers are conducting several groundbreaking studies.
d) The hurricane destroyed numerous homes along the coast.
e) People believe that climate change is causing more extreme weather patterns.

5. Inversions
Rewrite the following sentences using inversion for emphasis or formality:
a) I had no sooner entered the room than the meeting started.
b) She rarely goes out on weeknights.
c) They not only solved the problem but also found a better solution.
d) The police had hardly arrived when the protest began.
e) We had never seen such a beautiful sunset.

6. Relative Clauses
Complete the sentences using appropriate relative clauses (defining or non-defining):
a) The man, ______ car was stolen, reported the crime to the police.
b) This is the book ______ I was telling you about.
c) She moved to the city, ______ she had always wanted to live.
d) The student ______ answered the question correctly will receive an award.
e) The movie ______ we saw last night was incredibly boring.

7. Articles
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate article (a, an, the, or no article):
a) ______ Everest is the highest mountain in the world.
b) He plays ______ piano beautifully.
c) We had ______ incredible time at the concert last night.
d) Can you pass me ______ salt, please?
e) He is ______ honest person who always speaks the truth.

8. Error Correction
Identify and correct the grammatical errors in the following sentences:
a) Neither of the girls have finished their homework.
b) He didn’t know whom to talk to, so he left without saying nothing.
c) The number of students in the class have increased this year.
d) The teacher asked me where was I going.
e) I wish I was better at playing the guitar.

9. Modal Verbs of Deduction

Complete the sentences with the correct modal verb of deduction (must, might, can’t, could):
a) He ______ have forgotten his phone; he never leaves it behind.
b) The lights are on, so they ______ be home.
c) She ______ be at the library, but I'm not sure.
d) They ______ have heard the news by now; it’s all over the internet.
e) That ______ be true; there’s no evidence to support it.
10. Parallelism
Correct the sentences to ensure parallel structure:
a) She likes reading, cooking, and to jog.
b) The project requires dedication, hard work, and to be persistent.
c) He is not only talented but also works hard.
d) The movie was exciting, thrilling, and made me think.
e) In the meeting, we discussed strategy, marketing, and how we should allocate funds.
Answer Key: Year 10 23.09.24
1. Tense and Aspect:
a) By the time the meeting starts, I will have completed my report.
b) I wish I had known the answer to that question during the interview.
c) If he had studied harder, he would be at university now.
d) She had been working on this project for two months when she received a better offer.
e) At this time next year, I will have graduated from college.

2. Subjunctive Mood:
a) It is essential that she be present at the meeting.
b) I wish he had come to the party last night.
c) If I were the president, I would implement stronger policies on climate change.
d) The teacher suggested that the student submit the paper before the deadline.
e) If only he knew the truth, things would be different.

3. Advanced Conditionals:
a) If it weren’t for his help, we would have failed the project.
b) Had it not been for the rain, they would have arrived on time.
c) You would have passed the exam if you had not skipped so many classes.
d) Provided that she practices more, she could win the competition.
e) Were I to choose the manager, the team would be more organized.

4. Advanced Passive Voice:

a) The task should have been completed by now.
b) The new policy will be announced by the company next week.
c) Several groundbreaking studies are being conducted by the researchers.
d) Numerous homes were destroyed along the coast by the hurricane.
e) It is believed that climate change is causing more extreme weather patterns.

5. Inversions:
a) No sooner had I entered the room than the meeting started.
b) Rarely does she go out on weeknights.
c) Not only did they solve the problem, but they also found a better solution.
d) Hardly had the police arrived when the protest began.
e) Never had we seen such a beautiful sunset.

6. Relative Clauses:
a) The man, whose car was stolen, reported the crime to the police.
b) This is the book that I was telling you about.
c) She moved to the city, where she had always wanted to live.
d) The student who answered the question correctly will receive an award.
e) The movie that we saw last night was incredibly boring.

7. Articles:
a) No article Everest is the highest mountain in the world.
b) He plays the piano beautifully.
c) We had an incredible time at the concert last night.
d) Can you pass me the salt, please?
e) He is an honest person who always speaks the truth.

8. Error Correction:
a) Neither of the girls has finished their homework.
b) He didn’t know who to talk to, so he left without saying anything.
c) The number of students in the class has increased this year.
d) The teacher asked me where I was going.
e) I wish I were better at playing the guitar.

9. Modal Verbs of Deduction:

a) He can’t have forgotten his phone; he never leaves it behind.
b) The lights are on, so they must be home.
c) She might be at the library, but I'm not sure.
d) They must have heard the news by now; it’s all over the internet.
e) That can’t be true; there’s no evidence to support it.

10. Parallelism:
a) She likes reading, cooking, and jogging.
b) The project requires dedication, hard work, and persistence.
c) He is not only talented but also hard-working.
d) The movie was exciting, thrilling, and thought-provoking.
e) In the meeting, we discussed strategy, marketing, and fund allocation.
Reading Comprehension Exercise: Grade 10
Passage:
In the 21st century, the rapid advancement of technology has transformed nearly every aspect of human
life, from communication to healthcare, and from education to entertainment. While these changes have
undoubtedly brought about significant improvements in the quality of life, they have also raised critical
questions about the long-term impacts of this relentless march of progress.
One of the most notable effects of technology is its impact on the workforce. Automation and artificial
intelligence (AI) have revolutionized industries, making processes faster, more efficient, and less reliant
on human labor. For example, AI-driven machines now assemble products in factories, algorithms
perform complex financial calculations, and self-driving vehicles may soon replace truck drivers. While
these developments offer economic benefits, such as cost reduction and increased productivity, they also
threaten to displace millions of workers whose jobs are at risk of being automated. The future of work is
thus uncertain, and societies must grapple with how to manage the fallout.
In the realm of personal communication, the proliferation of social media has brought people closer
together, at least in theory. Platforms like Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter allow individuals to connect
across vast distances and share experiences in real time. However, critics argue that these digital
interactions often lack the depth and authenticity of face-to-face conversations, leading to a paradoxical
outcome: while people are more connected than ever before, they may also feel more isolated. Studies
have shown that heavy use of social media can contribute to feelings of loneliness, anxiety, and
depression, particularly among young adults.
Moreover, the omnipresence of technology has raised serious concerns about privacy and security. With
the advent of big data, corporations and governments now have access to vast amounts of personal
information, which they can use for targeted advertising, surveillance, or worse. Data breaches, identity
theft, and cyberattacks are on the rise, leaving individuals vulnerable to exploitation. The challenge for
regulators is to strike a balance between promoting innovation and protecting citizens’ privacy rights in
this digital age.
Yet, despite these concerns, technology has undeniably enhanced the way humans live. Medical
breakthroughs, for instance, have been accelerated by technological advances, with AI systems aiding in
the early detection of diseases and robotic surgery becoming more common. Online education has
expanded access to knowledge, allowing people in remote areas to learn from world-class institutions. In
the end, while technology poses significant challenges, it is also a powerful tool that, when used
responsibly, can drive human progress.

Questions:
a. Main Idea
What is the primary theme of the passage?
a) The role of social media in enhancing communication.
b) The challenges and benefits of technological advancements.
c) The impact of automation on the global economy.
d) The importance of privacy in the digital age.
2. Vocabulary in Context
In paragraph 2, the word “displace” most nearly means:
a) Encourage
b) Relocate
c) Replace
d) Promote

3. Inference
Based on the passage, what can be inferred about the impact of AI on future employment?
a) AI will create more jobs than it eliminates.
b) AI will lead to increased job security for workers.
c) AI will replace many jobs currently held by humans.
d) AI will only affect jobs in the tech industry.

4. Tone and Purpose

What is the author’s tone when discussing the effects of social media on communication?
a) Optimistic
b) Cautionary
c) Indifferent
d) Enthusiastic

5. Author’s Perspective
According to the author, what is a potential downside of technological progress?
a) It may increase face-to-face communication.
b) It might limit access to educational resources.
c) It could lead to widespread job loss and privacy concerns.
d) It encourages governments to innovate more quickly.

6. Structure
Which of the following best describes the structure of the passage?
a) A detailed comparison of different technological tools.
b) An explanation of how technology is impacting various sectors of society, with examples of both
positive and negative outcomes.
c) A persuasive argument advocating for increased use of AI in healthcare.
d) A chronological history of technological innovations in the 21st century.

7. Critical Thinking
Why does the author mention “data breaches, identity theft, and cyberattacks” in paragraph 4?
a) To show how technology makes people’s lives more convenient.
b) To highlight the benefits of technological advancements in security.
c) To illustrate the increasing risks to personal privacy in the digital age.
d) To demonstrate how governments are regulating the tech industry.

8. Evidence
Which piece of evidence does the author provide to support the idea that social media may increase
feelings of loneliness?
a) AI is used to detect diseases early.
b) Data breaches and identity theft are on the rise.
c) Heavy use of social media can contribute to anxiety and depression.
d) People are more connected than ever before.

9. Implication
Which of the following best expresses the author’s attitude toward technology?
a) Technology’s dangers far outweigh its benefits.
b) Technology is a neutral tool that, depending on its use, can either enhance or harm society.
c) Technological advancements should be stopped before more harm is done.
d) Technology is the primary source of modern-day problems.

10. Application
If the ideas presented in this passage are accurate, which of the following predictions would the author
most likely agree with?
a) The increase in automation will create equal opportunities for all workers.
b) Governments will have no trouble regulating the technology industry.
c) Future generations will need to be more vigilant about their privacy.
d) Social media will completely replace face-to-face communication in the future.
Answer Key:
1. b) The challenges and benefits of technological advancements.
2. c) Replace.
3. c) AI will replace many jobs currently held by humans.
4. b) Cautionary.
5. c) It could lead to widespread job loss and privacy concerns.
6. b) An explanation of how technology is impacting various sectors of society, with examples of both
positive and negative outcomes.
7. c) To illustrate the increasing risks to personal privacy in the digital age.
8. c) Heavy use of social media can contribute to anxiety and depression.
9. b) Technology is a neutral tool that, depending on its use, can either enhance or harm society.
10. c) Future generations will need to be more vigilant about their privacy.

This comprehension test is designed to challenge students to analyze, infer, and think critically about the
passage. The questions touch on key aspects such as tone, inference, and the balance of benefits and
challenges associated with technology.

Reading Comprehension Exercise:

Passage:
Climate change is not a future threat; it is a present reality. Over the past few decades, rising
temperatures, erratic weather patterns, and more frequent natural disasters have made the effects of
global warming unmistakable. While the scientific community has been sounding the alarm for years, it is
only now, as the consequences of inaction become apparent, that governments and individuals are
beginning to respond in earnest. Yet, the global response has been uneven, with many countries still
dragging their feet on the issue.
One of the key challenges to addressing climate change lies in the economic implications of transitioning
to a low-carbon economy. For many industries, especially those reliant on fossil fuels, the shift toward
sustainable energy sources threatens profit margins and entrenched business models. Coal, oil, and
natural gas industries remain significant players in global economies, and moving away from these energy
sources requires substantial investments in renewable technologies such as wind, solar, and hydroelectric
power. Despite this, the long-term cost of inaction — including damage to infrastructure from rising sea
levels and more intense storms, public health crises exacerbated by air pollution, and mass displacement
of populations — is expected to far outweigh the economic costs of transitioning to cleaner energy.
Another issue complicating efforts to combat climate change is the disparity between developed and
developing nations. While wealthy nations are primarily responsible for the bulk of historical carbon
emissions, the worst effects of climate change often hit poorer nations the hardest. Many developing
countries lack the resources needed to invest in sustainable technologies or to adapt to the changing
climate. This has led to debates about climate justice, with advocates arguing that wealthier nations
should shoulder a greater share of the burden in both cutting emissions and providing financial
assistance to less developed countries. The 2015 Paris Agreement was a significant step in this direction,
but it remains to be seen whether its goals can be achieved, especially as global emissions continue to
rise.
Public perception also plays a crucial role in shaping climate policy. In some countries, skepticism about
climate change persists, often fueled by misinformation or political rhetoric that downplays the severity
of the crisis. This skepticism can slow policy implementation and foster a culture of complacency.
Conversely, in nations where climate change is widely accepted as a critical issue, there is more support
for government initiatives aimed at curbing emissions and investing in green technologies. The gap
between these two extremes represents a major hurdle to forming a unified global response to the
climate crisis.
While the path forward is fraught with difficulties, there are reasons for cautious optimism. Advances in
technology have made renewable energy sources more efficient and affordable. Wind and solar energy, in
particular, have seen tremendous growth in recent years, and electric vehicles are becoming a viable
alternative to traditional gasoline-powered cars. Furthermore, increasing awareness of the issue,
particularly among younger generations, is driving a shift in consumer behavior and political advocacy.
However, the window for meaningful action is rapidly closing, and without coordinated global efforts, the
world may soon pass the point of no return.

Questions:
1. Main Idea
What is the primary focus of the passage?
a) The role of technology in combating climate change.
b) The economic and political challenges in addressing climate change.
c) The importance of developing nations in the fight against climate change.
d) The growing popularity of renewable energy sources.

2. Vocabulary in Context
In paragraph 2, the word "entrenched" most nearly means:
a) Temporary
b) Well-established
c) Evolving
d) Outdated

3. Inference
Based on the passage, what is the author’s view on the relationship between economic concerns and
climate action?
a) Economic concerns are more important than addressing climate change.
b) The economic costs of inaction will eventually surpass the costs of taking action.
c) There is little economic impact from transitioning to clean energy.
d) Climate change can only be addressed if economic sacrifices are minimized.

4. Author's Tone
How would you describe the tone of the author when discussing climate justice?
a) Indignant
b) Skeptical
c) Sympathetic
d) Neutral

5. Purpose
What is the primary purpose of the paragraph on public perception (paragraph 4)?
a) To highlight the advancements in green technology.
b) To argue that political rhetoric is the main cause of climate change.
c) To explain how public attitudes influence the implementation of climate policies.
d) To compare different countries' approaches to addressing climate change.

6. Author’s Perspective
According to the passage, why are developing nations particularly vulnerable to climate change?
a) They are responsible for the majority of carbon emissions.
b) They often lack the financial and technological resources to adapt to or mitigate the effects of climate
change.
c) They have stronger economies and can absorb the impacts more easily.
d) Their governments refuse to cooperate with international climate policies.

7. Structure
Which of the following best describes the structure of the passage?
a) A presentation of climate change solutions, followed by examples of successful implementations.
b) A discussion of the challenges, both economic and political, to addressing climate change, followed by
cautious optimism for the future.
c) A chronological history of climate policies and their outcomes.
d) A comparison of the effects of climate change on developed versus developing nations.

8. Critical Thinking
Why does the author describe advances in technology as a reason for "cautious optimism"?
a) Because technological advancements guarantee that climate change will be resolved soon.
b) Because technological improvements make renewable energy sources more accessible and affordable,
but there is still much work to be done.
c) Because only technology can solve the climate crisis without human intervention.
d) Because all countries are investing equally in green technologies.

9. Implication
Based on the passage, what can be inferred about the Paris Agreement?
a) It has solved the climate crisis.
b) Its goals have already been achieved.
c) It was a positive step, but significant challenges remain in meeting its targets.
d) It only focuses on developed countries and ignores developing nations.

10. Application
If the author's arguments are valid, which of the following is most likely to occur if no significant action is
taken on climate change?
a) Global economies will flourish as they continue to use fossil fuels.
b) Wealthier nations will eventually experience the worst effects of climate change.
c) Developing nations will become increasingly vulnerable to climate-related disasters.
d) Climate change will have no impact on public health or infrastructure.
Answer Key:
1. b) The economic and political challenges in addressing climate change.
2. b) Well-established.
3. b) The economic costs of inaction will eventually surpass the costs of taking action.
4. c) Sympathetic.
5. c) To explain how public attitudes influence the implementation of climate policies.
6. b) They often lack the financial and technological resources to adapt to or mitigate the effects of climate
change.
7. b) A discussion of the challenges, both economic and political, to addressing climate change, followed
by cautious optimism for the future.
8. b) Because technological improvements make renewable energy sources more accessible and
affordable, but there is still much work to be done.
9. c) It was a positive step, but significant challenges remain in meeting its targets.
10. c) Developing nations will become increasingly vulnerable to climate-related disasters.

This passage is designed to challenge students with a complex, real-world issue, while the questions
require them to analyze arguments, identify implications, and consider both sides of the topic.