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Graphene Overview

Graphene is a two-dimensional material with exceptional electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties, making it suitable for various applications such as electronics, energy storage, and biomedical uses. Synthesis methods include mechanical exfoliation, chemical vapor deposition, reduction of graphene oxide, and liquid-phase exfoliation. Despite challenges in large-scale production and integration, ongoing research aims to enhance its applications and production methods.

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17 views2 pages

Graphene Overview

Graphene is a two-dimensional material with exceptional electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties, making it suitable for various applications such as electronics, energy storage, and biomedical uses. Synthesis methods include mechanical exfoliation, chemical vapor deposition, reduction of graphene oxide, and liquid-phase exfoliation. Despite challenges in large-scale production and integration, ongoing research aims to enhance its applications and production methods.

Uploaded by

Sana Fatma
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Graphene Overview

Introduction Graphene is a two-dimensional (2D) material composed of a single layer of


carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice. It has attracted significant attention due to its
exceptional electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties, making it a promising material for
various applications.

Properties of Graphene

●​ Electrical Conductivity: Graphene exhibits high electrical conductivity due to its


zero-bandgap structure, allowing electrons to move freely with minimal resistance.
●​ Mechanical Strength: It is one of the strongest known materials, with a tensile
strength of around 130 GPa.
●​ Thermal Conductivity: Graphene has an extremely high thermal conductivity
(~5000 W/mK), making it useful in heat dissipation applications.
●​ Optical Transparency: Despite being only one atom thick, graphene absorbs about
2.3% of white light, making it nearly transparent.
●​ Chemical Stability: It is chemically stable and resistant to oxidation under normal
conditions.

Synthesis Methods

1.​ Mechanical Exfoliation: Also known as the Scotch tape method, this process
involves peeling layers from graphite to obtain monolayer graphene.
2.​ Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD): A widely used method where graphene is
grown on metal substrates (e.g., copper, nickel) using hydrocarbon gases.
3.​ Reduction of Graphene Oxide (GO): Graphene oxide is chemically or thermally
reduced to obtain reduced graphene oxide (rGO), though it often contains defects.
4.​ Liquid-Phase Exfoliation: Ultrasonication of graphite in solvents can yield graphene
flakes with varying thicknesses.

Applications of Graphene

●​ Electronics: Used in transistors, sensors, and conductive films.


●​ Energy Storage: Incorporated into supercapacitors and batteries to enhance
performance.
●​ Biomedical Applications: Used in drug delivery, biosensing, and tissue engineering.
●​ Composites and Coatings: Enhances the mechanical and electrical properties of
polymers and coatings.
●​ Water Filtration: Used in membranes for desalination and pollutant removal.

Challenges and Future Prospects Despite its remarkable properties, large-scale


production, defect control, and integration into existing technologies remain challenges.
Future research focuses on scalable production methods, functionalization strategies, and
new application areas such as quantum computing and flexible electronics.
Conclusion Graphene continues to be a material of immense scientific and technological
interest. With ongoing advancements in synthesis and application development, it has the
potential to revolutionize multiple industries.

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