Aptitude Test Formulas
1. Percentage
- Percentage = (Value / Total Value) × 100
- Increase/Decrease % = [(Final Value - Initial Value) / Initial Value] × 100
2. Profit and Loss
- Profit = Selling Price (SP) - Cost Price (CP)
- Loss = Cost Price (CP) - Selling Price (SP)
- Profit % = (Profit / CP) × 100
- Loss % = (Loss / CP) × 100
- SP = [(100 + Profit%) / 100] × CP
- SP = [(100 - Loss%) / 100] × CP
3. Simple and Compound Interest
- Simple Interest (SI) = (P × R × T) / 100
- Compound Interest (CI) = P (1 + R/100)^T - P
4. Ratio and Proportion
- If a:b = c:d, then ad = bc
- If a/b = c/d, then a × d = b × c
5. Time, Speed, and Distance
- Speed = Distance / Time
- Distance = Speed × Time
- Time = Distance / Speed
- Average Speed = (2 × S1 × S2) / (S1 + S2) (for two equal distances at different speeds)
6. Time and Work
- Work Done = Time Taken × Efficiency
- Efficiency = 1 / Time Taken
- If A can complete a work in X days and B in Y days, then together they can complete in (XY) / (X +
Y) days.
7. Permutations and Combinations
- Permutations: nPr = n! / (n - r)!
- Combinations: nCr = n! / [r!(n - r)!]
8. Probability
- Probability = (Favorable Outcomes) / (Total Outcomes)
9. Logarithm
- log(a × b) = log a + log b
- log(a / b) = log a - log b
- log(a^b) = b log a
- log(1) = 0
10. Algebra
- (a + b)^2 = a^2 + 2ab + b^2
- (a - b)^2 = a^2 - 2ab + b^2
- a^2 - b^2 = (a - b)(a + b)
11. Geometry
- Area of Circle = pi * r^2
- Circumference of Circle = 2 * pi * r
- Area of Triangle = (1/2) × Base × Height
- Pythagoras Theorem: a^2 + b^2 = c^2 (for right-angled triangle)
12. Mensuration
- Volume of Cube = a^3
- Volume of Cylinder = pi * r^2 * h
- Volume of Sphere = (4/3) * pi * r^3
13. Trigonometry
- sin^2(theta) + cos^2(theta) = 1
- tan(theta) = sin(theta) / cos(theta)
- sec(theta) = 1 / cos(theta), cosec(theta) = 1 / sin(theta), cot(theta) = 1 / tan(theta)
This PDF includes all essential formulas required for aptitude test preparation.