SURVIVAL CRAFT AND

RESCUE BOATS
OTHER THAN FAST
RESCUE BOATS
INTRODUCTION AND
SAFETY
1. On joining a vessel or soon
thereafter, read the MUSTER LIST.
Know the various boat drills, fire
and abandon ship. Know your
duties, responsibilities and station
during an emergency. Locate and
memorize the exact locations of
your boat. The emergency
equipment all throughout the ship
and learn how to use them.
2. It is mandatory that all seafarers
should possess the knowledge
and/or skill in the use of all
survival aids and equipment
available within the ship.
3. You can improve your current knowledge by
participating in drills, by reading the training
manual and being alert to all matters in your
daily work which concern your own safety and
that of your ship.
 Safety Practices
1. The first part of your training manual
concern common safety, like your own
attitude towards safety on board, it
forms the basis of complete safety.
2. Memorize the ship’s construction and
layouts for the shortest route to your
station.
3. Know the different safety notices and
IMO signs and symbols:
a. Various safety notices and
signals are placed in different
location on board.
b. Know the four basic signs, this signs
should be separated into a system of
mandatory signs, prohibition signs,
warning signs, safety signs, which
often are symbols, pictures and
drawings in lieu of text, making them
more easily understood.

c. A system of escape routes is arranged

from all rooms and sections of the
ship. These are marked by green signs.

d. Maintain safety on board and note if

any escape routes are blocked – keep
the escape routes free so they may
serve their purpose, name ESCAPE.
Emergency Exits
- a way to an
enclosed space
marked as an
exit leading to
such openings
for other
openings.
Emergency codes
1. Medical emergency ( code Mike +
location ) requiring assistance from
ship’s door, stretcher party and safety
officer (3x over ship’s PA system)
2. Fire (code foxtrot + location)
3. Man Overboard (code Oscar +
Location)
4. Oil spill and pollution(code DELTA)
5. Pirate attack (code PAPA ALPHA)(code
black)
6. Peace destructive and bomb threat
The ship and the seafarers can
encounter many different types of
emergencies. Many of these can be
avoided with care and by knowledge
of the potential dangers. All
emergencies present danger to life,
most of them can eventually lead to
the abandoning and loss of the ship.
1. Fire/Explosion
Alarm Signal – 10 seconds sounding of
ship’s alarm bell followed by distinctive
stroke (s) to indicate exact location of
fire:
One stroke - fire forward
Two strokes - fire amidships
Three strokes - fire aft/stern
Four strokes - fire in the engine
room
a. First person who discovered the fire
shall:

 Hail or pass the word by shouting

fire, indicate location and classes of
fire
 Attempt to extinguished the fire by
making use of the nearest
extinguishing agent
 Second person who hear somebody
shouting fire will contact the bridge
and report the fire. Duty at the
bridge activates the alarm and
announces the fire.
2. Collision
 Alarm signal – 7 short one long blast of ship’s whistle
 Risk of collision may occur when the compass bearing
of approaching ship does not appreciably change and
range is closing.
 When channeling at close quarter situation:
 Alteration of course should be made in ample time
with due regards in observance of good seamanship.
 Alteration of course or speed should be large enough
to be readily apparent to other vessel
 Succession of small alteration should be avoided that
may cause confusion to the other vessel.
 Alteration of course should consider a sufficient sea to
avoid quarter situation to obtain a safe passing
distance.
 Slack speed or to take all way off by stopping or
reversing propulsion.
3. Foundering

a. On rough sea, effects of heavy waves

may cause the ship to founder and may
result to cave in, breaking or even
sinking of ship.

b. By being attentive to changing sea,

water and weather condition, foundering
of the ship can be minimized. and stern,
may cause middle of the vessel to bend
down.
Definition of wave characteristics and their
effects.
 Hogging – ship is suspended amidships
by the wave with the bow and stern is out
from the water.
 Pitching – vertical rise and fall movement
of a vessel bow and stern may cause
breaking.
 Rolling – side-to-side movement of a
vessel around the centerline, may cause
all loose gears will be thrown astray and
difficulty to stand.
 Sagging – vessel is suspended by the
 Wave Crest – top of the wave
 Wave length – vertical distance between
trough and the crest of the wave.
 Wave period – time between the
passing of two corresponding point on
a wave.
 Wave trough – bottom of depression
between waves.
 Yawing – horizontal movement of the
vessel around its pivot point.
 4. Man Overboard
Alarm Signal – 3 long blasts of the ships
whistle, by day the ship hoist the OSCAR
flag, by night ships displays two red lights
arranged vertically and pulsating at the
rate of 50-60 pulses per minute.

a. When a man falls overboard, the following

factors must be taken into consideration:

The danger of the man caught in the

ship’s propeller should be acted at once
by swinging the stern away from the man
by pulling the rudder hard in his direction.
b. The first man who witnesses the fall shall:

 Shout or hail at his loudest voice without

hesitation the “MAN OVERBOARD”
port/starboard side;
 Radar watch, shift to short range. Get the
position of the ship as soon as the man is
reported overboard, or depressed the MOB
on the GPS and get the coordinates
position of MOB.
 Officer on duty at the bridge will maneuver
the ship according to either Williamson
Turn or Underson Turn.
 When an emergency arises
during exercises, it is the
alarm which normally gives the
first warning and at the same
time may indicate the type of
emergency which has arises. It
is therefore vital to know the
meaning of the alarm signals;
 Emergency Signals

1. Main Alarm – at least 7 short blasts followed by

one long on the ship’s whistle and alarm bells.

2. Fire alarm – continuous sounding of ship’s

whistle and alarm bells for 10 seconds.
Emergency Signals
3. Man-overboard – 3 long blasts (letter “O”)
sounding at least 3 times by ship’s whistle and
alarm bells.

4. Abandon ship – same as main alarm amplified by

P.A.
5. Boat handling

a. Lower the boat - 1 short blast

b. Stop lowering the boat- 2 short blasts
c. Dismissal - 3 short blasts
Ship’s alarm system

1. Manually activated from location within the

accommodation.
2. Fire Detection system automatically activated
through-out the ship.
3. On cargo ship a signal may be allocated to
summon the crew to survival craft stations for
drill purpose of or actual energy.
4. The order to abandon ship is given at master
discretion may be by word or mouth through
the P.A. system or on internal communication
system.
Muster List – Emergency Instruction
(Reg 53)

1.The muster list shall specify details of

the general emergency alarm signal
(Reg. 50) and also the action to be
taken by the crew and passengers
when alarm is sounded.
2. The Muster list shall also show the duties
assigned to the different member of the crew
including:
a. Closing watertight doors, fire doors,
valves scuppers, side scuttles skylights,
portholes and similar opening.
b. Equipment of survival craft and other
life-saving appliances.
c. Muster of the passengers.
d. Use of communication equipment.
e. Manning of fire parties to deal with fire
f. Special duties assigned in respect of the
use of fire-fighting equipment and
installations
1. The muster list shall specify which
officers assigned to ensure that life-
saving and fire appliances are maintained
in good condition and are ready for
immediate use.

2. The muster list shall specify substitute

for key personnel who may become
disabled, taking into account that
different emergencies may call for
different actions.
3. The muster list shall shows the duties assigned to the
crew in relation to the passengers in case of emergency.

This duties includes:

a. Warning the passengers.

b. Seeing that they are suitably clad and have donned
their lifejackets correctly.
c. Assembling passengers at muster station.
d. Keeping order in passageway or the stairways and
generally controlling the movement of the passengers.
e. Ensure that the supply of blankets is taken to the
survival craft.
#1 - Construction and
outfitting of Survival
Craft and Rescue Boat
 Survival Craft and Rescue Boat
A. Lifeboats
1. According to Constructions
a. Open lifeboat
b. Partially Enclosed Lifeboat
c. Totally Enclosed Lifeboat
2. Propulsion
a. Motorized
b. By oars
c. Sail rig.
3. Built
a. Glass Reinforced Plastic
b. Aluminum
4. Description

a. A lifeboat is a waterborne craft constructed for

the purpose of survival in the event of an
emergency. It is designed to be carried aboard
the ship and should be maintained in ready
condition at all times for rescue operations,
training of the crew, man-over-board and an
abandon ship situation.

b. All lifeboat are constructed in such form and

proportion to have ample stability and sufficient
freeboard when loaded with a full compliment of
persons and equipment. They are also
5. Totally Enclosed Lifeboat Descriptions

a. Built with strength, can be lowered

totally loaded even when the vessel is
making headway.

b. Constructed with rigid enclosure

covering the whole body with hatches to
permit light entry.

c. Constructed with rigid side and had

an ample ability in rough weather
condition.
d. Fitted with inherent buoyancy sufficient
to float when fully loaded, flood in the
open sea that the top of the gunwale
amidship is not submerged.

e. Self-righting, not less than 16 feet (4.9)

in length, number from forward to aft,
odd numbers to starboard, even numbers
to port.

f. Have a whaler stern, be at least 12

inches clear of the ship’s side, when
being lowered with the ship upright.
g. Fitted with the following:

 Fairlead on the bow for taking in either sea

anchor or two ropes.
 Disengaging gear means of letting go boat hooks
when boat is completely waterborne.
 Self-contained air support system provides with
one or more compressed air cylinders having
duration of 10 minutes.
 Water spray protection system drawn from the sea
water self-priming pump when the lifeboat is on the
water
Open lifeboats
a. boat has no permanent laid canopy
b. movable poles are provided from
installation of temporary canopy.

Partially enclosed lifeboat:

a. Have a rigid enclosure at either end with a
foldable canopy between them.
b. Canopy protects occupants from heat and
cold and is highly visible color.
Totally enclosed lifeboat:
a. Have a rigid enclosure at either end with a
permanent canopy between them.
b. Canopy protects occupants from heat and
cold and is highly visible color.
Equipment
1. Rescue line (1) – A buoyant plastic ring with 75
feet of 1/8” nylon line which is contained in a
clearly marked pocket near the stern opening o
the canopy. It is used in rescuing anyone who
drifts away from the boat or is beyond reach of
the boat while in the water.
2. Sea Anchor (2) – One sea anchor is attached to
a D ring located in a pocket between the upper
and lower tubes so as to allow it to fall into the
water upon inflation of the boat. Spare sea
anchor is stowed in a pocket inside the boat.
3. Floatable Knife (1) – The floatable knife is
stowed in a pocket on the outside of the canopy
near the bow opening.
6. One (1) set of oars sectionalized
7. One (1) set of crutches
8. Two (2) boat hooks
9. One (1) bailer
10. Two (2) buckets,
11. One (1) survival manual
12. One (1) boat compass in binnacle
 13. One (1) sea anchor
 14. Two (2) painters
 15. Two (2) hatchets
 16. 3 liters of fresh water per
person
 17. 1 rustproof dipper with
lanyard
 18. 1 rustproof graduated cup
 19. 1 ration of provision with at
least 10,000 KJ for each person
20. (4) parachute flares
21. (6) hand flares
22. (2) smoke signals
23. (1) flashlight with spare batteries and
bulbs
24. (1) signaling mirror
25. (1) whistle
26. (1) medicine chest
27. (6) doses of anti-seasickness tablets
for each person
28. (1) pocket knife with lanyard
29. (3) can openers
30. (2) rescue quoits with 75 feet of 1/8 inch
nylon line
with buoyant ring
31. (1) hand pump or foot pump
32. (1) set of fishing tackle
33. (1) fire-extinguisher CO2 or Dry powder
34. (1) searchlight
35. (1) Thermal Protective Aid (TPA)
36. (1) efficient radar reflector
37. (1) set of tools for minor adjustment of the
engine
Lifeboat Markings
1) Marked in permanent characters with the
Department of Trade Stamp. Number of
persons certified to be carried be marked on
both sides. Name of the ship, port of registry
and boat number, be painted on each bow of
the lifeboat.
2) Motor Lifeboat be fueled with diesel engine,
capable speed of 6 knots, 2 knots when towing
a 25 persons life raft, capable also of getting
astern propulsion with sufficient fuel for 24
hours operations.
3) Water-cooled, operates a generator for re-
charging fixed radio, searchlight and starting
battery and if capsizes, engine will continue to
run or be easily re-started when boat returns
to upright position.
4) Lifeboat Markings
◦ Dimensions
◦ No. of persons
◦ Maker’s Serial number
◦ Maker’s name
◦ Date of Manufacture

5. In addition – means of identifying the ship to

which the lifeboat belongs and the number of
the boat shall be marked in such a way that
they are visible from above.
Liferaft
Life rafts

Usual location of inflatable life raft is

at the boat deck in a raised platform
that is capable of being manually or
automatically launched. This is so
arranged so as not to interfere in the
operation when lifeboats will also be
launched.
Specifications:
a. Constructed in either circular or oval shape of
highly visible color and covered to protect
occupants from exposure.
b. Double thickness cover with pockets to collect
rains
c. Both inside and outside covers have lamps
d. Fitted with retro-reflective tapes.
e. Water-proof double floor that can be inflated or
deflated with hand pump or bellows.
f. Made of rubber coated materials and required to
have an even number of separator buoyancy
compartments.
g. Capable of withstanding exposure for 30 days
under all conditions.
h. Automatic inflation by pulling the painter taking
10-30 seconds to do so.
i. Bucketed with lifeline around the outside bellow
the gunwale tube and handline around the inside.
j. A righting strap is provided should the life raft
capsize to be easily uprighted
k. Provided with either one or two openings fitted
with boarding ramp and boarding ladder.
l. Inflated with C02 gas containing a small
percentage Nitrogen, must not be inflated except
in an emergency.
m. Marked on the canopy and underneath the name
of the ship and port of registry of the hiring
company’s name and serial number.
n. Every container or valise will be marked with:
 The number of persons certified to carry
 The maker ’s name and serial number of the raft
 The length of the painter
 Date of the last service and next service due
 Ship’s name and port of registry, name of the
company and approving authority.

o. Life raft must never be inflated except in an

emergency; Must never be inflated on deck but
either be thrown overboard before inflation On
cases that life rafts are davit-launched, be hauled
outboard before inflation. Once inflated, it is to be
kept inflated until it can be sent ashore for
repacking.
p. Remember to ventilate the life raft.
q. The number of persons, which a life
raft may accommodate, shall be equal to:
 The greatest whole number obtained,
divided by the volume, measured in cubic
feet. Of the main buoyancy chambers when
inflated (arches, thwarts, and pillars not
included).
 The greatest whole number obtained divided
by 4 the area, measured in square feet of
the floor (may included thwart if fitted) of
liferaft when inflated.
 The capacity is usually marked in block
lettering out of the valise and in raft
 r. Every life raft be marked
on the canopy and
underneath the name of the
vessel and the port of
registry of the hiring
company and serial
number.
Rigid Life rafts:
Specifications

a. Properly constructed with sufficient strength to

load full complement of persons and equipment
and safely launched into the water.
b. Fitted with air cases and buoyant materials on
its sides
c. The deck shall prevent the ingress of water
and protection to the occupants.
d. May be launched by simply being thrown over
the side by means of single arm davit.
e. Supplied with complete full emergency
equipment rations stowage platform and a GRP
cover, which incorporates an auto release
system.
f. This is tangible liferaft with which the crew can
become familiar while carrying out liferaft drills and
inspections;
• The equipment canister which is sunk into the
center of the floor can be opened from either
sides.
• The permanent buoyancy cannot be affected by
leak.
• It never needs to be uprighted.
• The lower canopy filing with water gives the raft
tremendous stability.
• The materials used provide excellent protection
and insulation from extremes of temperatures.
• Surveys, inspection and repairs can be done on
board
ship.
 Rescue Boat
1. Fast Rescue Crafts (FRC)
– These are usually suspended from a 4 legged
bridle attached to the hook of a single arm davit.
– Primarily designated for rescue of person in the
water.
– Mandatory equipment of standby vessel and
passengers.
– Normally a semi-rigid inflatable.
– The deck and hull is of GRP construction
– Self-bailed through an open transom
– Tubes are compartment and resistant to petrol or
soil
– Powered by inboard diesel engine, and
– With one or two outboards giving speeds up to 10
knots.
2. B.O.T.I (Boats of Trade Inflatable
Boats)
Launched by slinging from a single
arm davit via 4 legged bridle or via a
tilt launcher.
An inflatable boat with a rigid
waterproof floor and transom.
– Capacity is usually around 6 person.
– Buoyancy and accessories are constructed of
materials
– resistant to rot.
– Chambers are divided into 5 individual
compartments.
– Equipment includes an efficient manually
operated
– bellows or pumps.
– At least one thwart shall be fined so boat can be
rowed satisfactorily.
– A bow cover visibility color.
– Means of deflating shall be fitted to each
chamber.
– Fitted with outboard motor (OBM)
Class C Boat
– An open boat with rigid side having a square stern
– Department of Trade Stamps, dimension and
number of persons certified to be carried, are
marked permanently.
– Name of port of registry of the ship painted on its
bow
Equipped as follows:
1. 2 – buoyant oars and 1 spare
2. A set of crutches attached to
lanyard and a boat hook.
3. Two plug for each plugholes
attached by lanyard or chains
4. A bailer and a bucket
5. Two light line orange colour
 Launching Arrangement
A. Lifeboat Davits:
Davits – either of a paper of upright arms/small crane
curving over the side of the ship for suspending or
lowering a small boat.
1. Gravity Davits
Uses the weight of the boat to do work required to
launch the boat over the side of the ship.
a. May be on pivots
b. Have a carriage mounted on roller track ways
c. Fixed either to the deck or overhead
d. Boat is launched by lifting of brake handle
e. Fitted with wire ropes falls and winches
f. Be able to launch a boat against an adverse list
 Launching
Pre-launching Check off

a. Remove boat cover

b. Ship drain plug
c. Extend sea painter
d. Let fall sea painter’ fore and aft
e. Check that harbor pins are out
f. Let go gripe
 Launching Procedures

a. Winchman lower the boat on the brake until

tricing pendant have brought the boat close
alongside.
b. Bowsing-in-tackles looked into the floating blocks
and into the ring-bolts provided on the side
c. Haul tight bowsing in tackle and make them fast
on the boat.
d. Release tricing pendants, dislodged the link of
the slip, full weight of the boat is taken by the falls.
e. Passenger all seated as low as possible with
hands and elbows out of the gunwale.
f. Ensure that the water over the side
is clear and safe to lower the boat.
g. Coxswain orders bowsing in
tackle be eased out and let go,
winchman lower the boat by lifting
brake to release the falls.
h. Boat should be landed in the crest
of the wave.
i. Coxswain orders “LET GO FALLS”.
NOTE:

IF DISENGAGING IS NOT FITTED

Let go After Fall

Forward 10 feet with a run, and
overhaul the fall sufficiently to
be unlooked.
Ship the tiller as soon as the
falls are unhooked.
IF DISENGAGING GEAR IS FITTED
 Falls are unhooked together
 Boat pulled a little way forward by means
for toggle painter.
 Coxswain ships the tiler shipside to spring
off the boat.
 When boat is cleared, let go toggle painter,
man the oars and row for a quarter of a
mile distance.
 Stream sea anchor.
LEAVING THE SHIP’S SIDE OARS

Coxswain gives orders

– “Toss oars” oars held vertically with
grip’s resting on
bottom boards.
– “Down oars starboard” – starboard
oars are lowered onto
the gunwale.
– “Standby to loom off ” – starboard oars
are moved across
boat so that the grips rest against
the ship’s side.
NOTE:

 A large amount of effort needs to

be applied so that the boat moves
away from the ship’s side specially in
the wind.
 “Down oars port” – when there is
sufficient room port may be brought
down into the crutches ready for
rowing orders.
TOWING AWAY FROM THE SHIP’S SIDE
– Approach the boat to be lowered
away at slow speed and pass
closely to its bow.
– Collect spare painter from the
stricken craft and make fast to
own vessel e.g. around lifting
hook.
– Continue slow ahead taking up the
slack in the line. Do not allow too
much slack as it may foul the
propeller.
Overhead gravity davit
a. Spring-assistance into luffing movement is
used although they are gravity type davits.
b. The whole operation is controlled by two
single wire falls:
1. The first movement on lowering allows the davit
to be forced outward by the power stats, which
are spring cylinders fixed to the davit, until the
center of the gravity of the davits is beyond pivots:
2. Further movement allows the davit to turn out
under gravity until the ferrule at the end of each
fall slips away from the supporting tusk and the
movement of the falls then lowers the lifeboat.
Free fall Lifeboat System
a. The system is appropriate to rigid
enclosed lifeboat.
b. The lifeboat is launched clear of the ship
from a ramp and plunges bow first into
the sea.
c. Padded seats and six (6) points safety
belts ensure that the passengers are not
injured as the boat enter the water.
d. This arrangement avoids the difficulties
and dangers of lowering a boat down the
side of a listed ship and clearing the ship
side in possibly heavy seas.
e. Malfunctioning engine will not preclude
successful launching.
Free Fall
a. The boat runs down the launching ramp and on
hitting the water submerges briefly before
emerging and moving away from the stern of the
ship.
b. A gantry is employed to winch the lifeboat into the
sea automatically, it can also be used to retrieve the
lifeboat after exercises.
c. Hydrostatic release attached to the lifeboat will
operate at the depth of approximately 2 meters and
allow the lifeboat to float free, should the ship sink
before the lifeboat can be launched.
d. All personnel proceed to the lifeboat, warm
clothing to be worn, lifejackets to be carried but not
put on.

NOTE: do not put on lifejacket before the lifeboat is

afloat. Failure to observe this procedure may lead
to injury during launching.
Liferaft Davit

1. Single arm davit is used for

launching some liferaft.
2. The davit is controlled by slewing
handle to wind the davit arm until
plumbed (straight down) over side,
and a brake lever to permit lowering
of the fall wire.
3. Motor is fitted to effect recovery of
the fall wire.
4. Liferaft is stowed in a valise and has
bowsing lines as well as painter line
available before inflation.
Safe launching of liferaft:
a. Remove portable rail and turnout davit.
b. Bring the liferaft in its valise to the ship’s side
having the bowsing lines inboard.
c. Break out bowsing lines and made fast to the
deck cleats, leaving some slack break out the
painter.
d. Hook davit fall into the liferaft.
e. Heave away on the davit fall taking the liferaft
over the side.
 f. Swing out davit are outboard, inflate the liferaft
by hauling the remaining painter line.
g. If liferaft does not inflate automatically, thug the
painter line hard.
h. When inflation is completed, bows the liferaft
into the ship side, inspect the interior for possible
leaks.
i. Embarkation of passengers:
 Two men tend the entrance.
 Seat occupants in the liferaft, feet towards the
center on
 alternate side commencing outboard working to
inboard.
 Remove all footwear.
j. After embarkation, release bowsing lines. Throw
bowsing lines and painter into theliferaft.
k. Lower away and pull red lanyard to operate the
hook safety catch and the liferaft reaches the
water.
l. The hook will release itself when the lifeboat is
waterborne.
m. Get the liferaft away from the ship’s side and
quickly as possible. In cold weather inflate the
floor.
n. Stream the sea anchor and endeavor to remain
in the vicinity of the other liferafts and lifeboats.
Operation of hydrostatic release:

1 – It is designed to release the container

when the ship sinsk. It is operated by
water entering through a hole (breathing
orifices) in the body of the release. The
pressure of water at 4-6 meters below
the surface cause the diaphragm to
release the draw bolt and release the part
attached tot he straps.

2 – The painter is a thin line that will part

when the container reaches the surface.
One and is attached to a point on the
ship and the other end is to the
container.
3 – A selector switch is fitted on the release
mechanism body. It has two
positions:

Set
Free

4 – The switch must be kept in the set position and

lock copper wire.

5 – The only time that the switch is put into the free
position is in an
EMERGENCY LAUNCH CONDITION or for schedule
maintenance.
Launching Survival craft
and Rescue boat into a
rough sea
Preparation
1)Prevent the fall blocks to hit ship crew or lifeboat.
2)Boat crews must wear life jacket, helmet,
immersion suit in cold climate for rescuing
operation.
3)Sea quelling oil may be used to reduce the seas.
4)Vessel to create a good lee. Wind to be on the
opposite bow.
5)Ship plugs.
6)Lower lifeboat into the trough of a wave
7)On the next rising crest, release the hooks
immediately and simultaneously.
8)Cast off the painter once clear.
9)Bear off the ship's side with tiller, oars or boat
hook.
10)Engine is started before the release of
blocks and kept neutral.
11)Once lifeboat is underway, tiller put against
ship's side and with full throttle clear off the
ship.
Precautions

1)Rig fenders, mattresses or mooring ropes to

prevent the boat from being staved during an
adverse roll.
2)A cargo net, slung between davits and trailing in
the water for crew to hang on in case the boat
capsize alongside. It should not hamper the
operation of the boat.
3)The painter is rigged and kept tight throughout
so as to keep the boat in position between the
falls.
4)The falls are loosely tied with a line, led to the
deck and manned. When the boat is unhooked, the
line will steady the falls and prevent accidental
contact with the boat crews.
5)Once unhooked, the blocks should be taken up
to avoid injuring the crews in lifeboat.
Dangers associated with
use of on-load release
devices
Warning:
When the lifeboat is suspended on davits the
“PRESSURE SWITCH” should always be turned in
position “1”.

When the lifeboat is waterborne (OFF LOAD

RELEASE) the presto stat closes electrical circuit and
green light “RELEASE POSSIBLE” is lighting.
Electromagnetic valve on hydraulic cylinder move to
“B” position to enable oil flow from one into another
chamber. By pulling the release arrangement lever
the hooks are released.
 Emergency release (ON LOAD RELEASE) – when the
lifeboat is not more than 1 meter above sea level,
break glass protection on hydraulic valve and turn
the valve in anticlockwise direction to enable oil
flow from one into or another chamber by pulling
the release arrangement lever the hooks are
released.

Warning:
If the lifeboat remains waterborne longer than 1
hour,
turn the “PRESSURE SWITCH” into
“0” position.
 If the “PRESSURE SWITCH” is not in “0” position,
and engine is not operating, the batteries could
be discharged.

Towing away from the ship’s side

1. Approach the boat to be lowered away at slow

speed and pass closely to its bow.
2. Collect spare painter from the stricken craft and
make fast to own vessel e.g. around lifting hook.
3. Continue slow ahead taking up the slack in the
line. Do not allow too much slack as it may foul the
propeller.
4. When weight comes onto the line, then
gradually increase speed.
5. As the stricken vessel leaves the ship side,
toggle painter can be released.
6. If being towed:

Have painter ready to pass to the towing boat. Be

ready to,

let go toggle painter. Release falls in plenty of time

and tend them. Steer boat maintain an in-line tow,
do not allow to way off.
Actions to be taken after
leaving the ship
1. Survival craft should be at least 1//4 mile clear
of the ship.

2. Attempts should be made to look for survivors

in the water and take them on-board

3. Take immediate action as:

 Stream sea anchor
 Activate EPIRB and SART
 Erect canopy in open boats
 Take seasickness pills
 Bail craft dry.
 Treat the injured
 Inflate liferaft floor in cold condition
 Rig radio equipment
 Post a lookout
4. Read survival instruction.
5. Ventilate liferaft to avoid C02 suffocation
6. Carry out survival procedures
7. Maintain Communications with other survival
crafts and all survival crafts should attempt to
come in the vicinity of each other.
Recovering during rough
sea conditions of Survival
craft and Rescue boats
 Recovery strops are properly arranged from fore
to aft.

 Steer boats leeward towards the ship while

coming along side.

 Secure recovery straps on davit hook.

 Heave-up boat davit and secure on board.

Maintenance procedures of
survival craft and rescue
boats
Liferaft Maintenance

Liferaft are packed in a rigid containers before

being installed on-board ships and require no
further maintenance. However the following points
are relevant to unsure reliability, security and
good husbandry:
1) No work is to be carried out on stowage if raft
is in it.
2) Since pyrotechnics are stowed in the container,
no welding job or burning is to take plate within 6
meters radius from the lifeboat/raft stowage.
3) If the ship is to remain in the yard/naval base
for more than 35 days, consideration should be
given to landing or converting them, due to high
temperature and humidity.
 The containers should not be rolled during
shipment or stowage, as the gas pipes from the
CO@ battles may twist and so may not inflate
correctly.
Rough handling, bumping may disturb the
contents causing the same to happen.

The liferaft container label and sealing strip must

not be painted.
Clean the container by washing with mild soapy
water only.
Husbandry Check
a. Daily
1) Check the stowage is secured.
2) Executive container for damage especially at the
sealing strips.
3) Check that the opened covered part of the
operating cord is not dislodged where it enters the
container.
4) Check that the end of the breaking line (a short
piece of gun line) is securely attached by a
bowline to a metal strong point or the ring on the
release.
5) Survey the breaking line for chafe.
6) Inspect the hydrostatic release for foreign matter
which could block the mechanism and check that it
is secure.
b. Monthly – The hydrostatic release should be
tested at 4 monthly intervals in accordance with
PMS and SOLAS rules.

c. Yearly – Return for full service and inspection by

a SOLAS qualified person.

NOTE: some liferaft are retain on-board for up to

24 months, whatever the date due for survey must
be followed.
OUTBOARD MOTOR MAINTENANCE
FUEL SYSTEM
The fuel system should be regularly inspected
for leaks, cracks or malfunction.
FUEL SYSTEM INSPECTION
1. Carburettor leakage
2. Fuel pump malfunction or leakage
3. Fuel tank leakage
4. Fuel hose joint leakage
5. Fuel hose cracks or other damage
6. Fuel filter leakage
7. Primer bulb leakage or damage
8. Fuel connector leakage
CLEANING THE PORTABLE FUEL TANK AND ITS
FILTER
At least once every six months,
empty the fuel tank, pour a small quantity of
detergent, and clean the tank thoroughly by
shaking it.
Flush the inside with fresh water and drain it
completely.
Repeat the flushing and draining procedures
several times until all the detergent has been
removed from inside the tank.
 Thoroughly clean the tank filter (located at
the end of the suction pipe) with the detergent
and air dry.
FUEL TANK AND TANK FILTER CLEANING

Cleaning the engine fuel filter

The engine fuel filter should be cleaned every
20 hours of operation or every month. In some
countries, the fuel quality is poor so cleaning of the
filter should be carried out more frequently.

Stop the engine before removing the filter.

Keep away from sparks, cigarettes, flames or other
sources of ignition. Remove the fuel hoses and clean
the filter with detergent. Air dry this filter case
screwed.
GEAR-BOX OIL CHANGE

 Gear-boc oil should be changed every 100

hours of operation or
 once every six months, whatever come first.
 Drain the gear-box into a container by opening
the oil-drain plug (2)
 then the oil-level plug (1). With the outboard
motor in the upright,
 inject the recommended gear-box oil into the
oil-drain plug hole (2) until it starts to flow out
of the oil-level plug hole (1). Insert and tighten
 both the drain plugs.
COOLING SYSTEM
The outboard motor cooling system is the part of
the engine most likely to cause problems due to
salt, sand and dirt entering the system.

Water pumps should be inspected and the pump

impeller changed every 200 hours of operation or
once a year, whatever comes first.

It is important to keep an eye on the tell tale water

stream as a drop in flow is likely to indicate
problem with the cooling system.
1. Water surface
2. Lowest water
level
3. Air – cooled
4. Fresh – water
cooling
5. Sea – water
cooling
Flushing the cooling system with fresh water

You can help prevent some of the problems

caused by salt build-up in and around the motor by
washing the body and flushing the cooling system
with fresh water after use. To clean the cooling
water passages, mount the motor into neutral, start
and run at low speed for a few minutes. This
procedure should be carried out at least once every
month. If possible, run the engine in fresh on
completion of each trip.
 The outboard cooling system is
the direct, raw water type. Sea
water is drawn up by an impeller
pump, made of plastic or rubber,
which is located in the lower leg. It
then passes through the galleries
in the engine and out through the
exhaust.

A small stream of water is

also bled off somewhere in the
system as a tell tale sign,
thermostat maintains a minimum
operating temperature. An audio
alarm and a “hot light” are also
sometimes fitted.
BATTERIES
Batteries should be inspected regularly to make
sure they are secured in place to stop movement as a
vessels rolls.
They should also be kept dry and clean, and the
connection tight. The terminal posts should be
coated in Vaseline to prevent them from corroding.

Batteries contain hydrogen gas, which is highly

explosive so must be kept clear of sparks, heat,
flames, lit cigarettes and so on.
They also contain acid, which burns the skin so
must be handled carefully.
Battery charging:

1. Lifeboat engine has a battery starting system

and is provided with alternator for charging.
2. Searchlight, fixed radio, equipment and lifeboat
distress light are supplied by the battery.
3. Fixed radio equipment battery if provided can
also be change from engine alternator.
4. Onboard ship the lifeboat has a battery charging
connection from the ship that also provides power
to totally enclosed lifeboats for illumination during
maintenance and inspections.
EXTERNAL LUBRICATION

Every three months, recommended

(marine) grease should be injected through
the specified points (grease nipple) on the
outboard motor.

This procedure will ensure

all moving parts operate smoothly.
SPARK PLUGS

Cleaning or replacing spark plugs

The spark plugs of an outboard

motor can become oily and coated
in a black deposit in a short time.
When this happens the motor
will run roughly or may even fail to
start.
Sparks plugs should therefore be
removed and inspected after
20hours of operations or once a
month.
If spark plugs are dirty they
should be cleaned or replaced with
ones as recommended for that
SPARK PLUG CONDITION
Checking for spark

If an outboard turns over but does not start,

the park plug should be checked for spark to
find the problem. To do this, you should first
make sure that there is good ventilation and no fuel
vapour present. Remove the spark plug from the
engine and reconnect it to its lead.
Hold its body against the engine block (to earth it)
and turn the
engine over. Spark should be seen across the gap.
Keep the spark plug away the plug hole to safeguard
against the risk of ignition.
 If spark present: Plugs are dry – check fuel
supply, line, filters
Plugs are dirty – clean or replace plugs
Plugs are wet – engine flooded, let stand for a
while
and try again.

If no spark: Loose or wet wiring. Check all

wiring connections for tightness, should be
clean and dry. Spray dirty, wet wiring with
water-repellent spray. If engine still does not
start, seek mechanical advice.
 Take care when replacing spark plugs not
to over tighten as this may damage the plug or
make it difficult to unscrew.
Fuses protect electrical wiring and
equipment from damage or fire due to electrical
overloads. A fuse is designed to melt when
overheated due to excessive current flowing
through an electrical circuit. The circuit becomes
open, no more current flows through it and
therefore the electrical equipment is protected.
If a fuse does “blow”, it should be
replaced with one that is recommended for that
purpose. Some spare fuses should be carried on
board in case this happens. If fuse repeatedly
“blows”, it indicates a serious problem which
PROPELLERS

Propellers are easily damaged by hazards

in the water, hitting the bottom and corrosion.
Even slight damage can cause a reduction in
speed. Propellers on outboard motors are fitted
with a sharp pin, which is designed to break, if
the propeller hits a solid objects. The pin is
easily replaced.

If a propeller blade is bent or badly

chipped. It is best to fit a new propeller as it
will not work very well. Make sure you only fit a
propeller, which is recommended by the
outboard manufacturer.

Every three months, the propeller should

be pulled off and the propeller shaft greased.
 ZINC ANODES

A zinc anode is fitted near the propeller to

prevent corrosion and should be replaced when
almost worn away. The zinc anode should be
pulled off and scrubbed once every three
months.
 PERIODIC INSPECTION AND SERVICE

 The following table is given as a guideline

for periodic maintenance procedures. These
inspections and services are recommended
for outboard motors used on an average of
20 hours per month.
 Depending on operating conditions, the
intervals between maintenance procedures
may need to be changed.
 Methods of starting and
operating a Survival Craft
Engine
 Starting and operating a survival craft
engine and its accessories
Starting the Engine

 Check the levels of fuel and lube oil

 Check that the gear lever is in neutral
 Primes the fuel system (if necessary)
 Starts engine and adjust throttle
 Checks oil pressure gauge and water cooling
 Operates ahead and astern propulsion
 Stops engine and turn off fuel
 Follows manufacturer ’s instructions and sets
control
Engine fails to start? – possible troubles:

a. Air – locked – presence of bubbles – bleeding

b. Dirt in the fuel – Cleaning the filter

c. Water in the fuel – training and cleaning the

tank.
 SECTION 2
 TROUBLESHOOTING
Engine fails to start
 1. Check level of fuel in tank
 2. Check air vent screw on tanks open
 3. Check arrow on primer bulb to ensure
fuel line is connected the right way
 4. Check fuel lines connected tightly and
bulb primed
 5. Check engine is in neutral and throttle
control in START position
 6. Inspect battery and connections
(electric start)
 7. Check emergency-stop (kill) lock plate
connected, correctly to switch
 8. Inspect fuel filters (fuel tank, external,
internal) and clean if necessary.
 9. Check internal fuel filter casing is tightly
screwed.
 10. Inspect spark plugs and clean if
necessary.
 11. Check fuel pump to ensure membrane is
not torn out
 12. Check carburettor to ensure that draining
screw is not open
Lifeboat Fire Extinguisher:

Portable Fire Extinguisher C02 or dry powder is

provided near the engine compartment.

Water Spray System:

1. Fire protected lifeboats are fitted with a water

spray-fire protection system.
2. Water for the system is provided by self-priming
sea water pump when boat is on the water.
3. The system should be flushed with fresh water
and completely drained after drills.
Food and Water
Apportionment
Apportionment of food and water of survival craft
 Person in-charge should do everything possible
to maintain morale and organize occupants to
undertake task for their safety and comfort.
 Familiarize with the use and stowage of food and
water ration in survival crafts.

 Apportion food and water.

 Quantities of food and water
 Ration and issue of food and water
 Dangers of drinking sea water
 Collecting rain water
 Minimize dehydration in hot condition
Regardless of how near rescue services may be,
you must take action from the outset to
safeguard yourself against immediate threats to
your life, having done so you should considered
the next greatest threat and protest yourself
against that and so on in a sequence of
priorities.
Without this approach, only the lucky will
survive.
First and foremost, protection should be
against the dangers of the environment,
protection of your first priority, second,
location, since it is possible to survive many
days without water and weeks without food,
both protection and location have higher
priorities than food and water.
(Remember: “no food and drinks within 24
hours of survival
except for sick and injured
survivors”
Do not attempt to sail away from the sea of the
sinking ship.
Search for survivors will commence at the last
known position of the ship.
Survival craft should be kept together to
provide a bigger location target, there will also
be more survival aids to share.
 First Aid Kit and
Resuscitation Techniques
 FIRST AID KIT AND RESUSCITATION
TECHNIQUES
A. Medical Problem in Survival Craft
1. Resuscitation Techniques
2. Mouth to Mouth
 Before starting artificial respiration, first check
the casualty’s airway if it is clear by scooping
your fingers into their mouth and removing any
obstructions, i.e. false teeth or food scraps.
 Place your ear close to the mouth and listen for
breathing or are in any doubt, start mouth to
mouth resuscitation immediately. Giving
artificial respiration to a person who is already
breathing will do no harm.
 Tilt the casualty’s head back to prevent to
 Pinch closed the casualty’s nose; take a deep
breath out into the mouth. Repeat this two-
times quickly.
 Check the casualty’s pulse.
 The best place to this is the carotid pulse in the
neck near the windpipe.
 If the heart is breathing continue mouth to
mouth resuscitation.
 If no pulse, start heart message.
 Use of First Aid Kit
1. DIRECTIONS FOR THE USE OF FIRST AID KIT

 ITEM TITLE REMARKS

 Ammonia inhalants .................... Break one

and inhale for faintness,
fainting or collapse.

 Aspirin, Pnenecetin .................... Chew up and
swallowed 2 Caffeine
Tablets every three hours
for headache, colds, minor
Aches, pains and fever.
Maximum of 6 in 24 hours.
Bandage compress 4" and 2" ............... Apply as
dressing over the wound.
Don’t touch part that
comes in contact with
wounds. For securing
splints, dressing etc
 Bandage gauze ..................................... The
petroleum gauze bandage is applied in at
least two layers over the burned surface and
an area extending 2" beyond it. The first
dressing should be allowed to remain in
place, changing only the outer, dry bandage
as needed, for at least 10 days unless signs
of infection develop after several days. In
which case the dressing should be removed.
and the burn treated as an infected wound.
Watch for blueness or coldness of the skin
beyond the dressing and loosen the dressing
if they appear.
Compress adhesive 1"... Apply as dressing
over small wounds. Don’t
touch part that comes in
contact with wounds.

Eye Patch ......................Apply as dressing

over inflamed or injured
eye.

Forceps . ................... Use to remove

splinters or foreign
bodies. Don’t dig.
Ophthalmic Ointment ...................... Apply in
space formed by pulling eyelid down, once daily
for inflamed or injured eyes. Don’t touch
eyeballs with tube.

Splint wire . ...................................... Pad with

gauze and mold to member to immobilize broken
bones. Hold in place with bandage. Do not
attempt to set the bone.
Tincture of Iodine mild ..................... Remove
protective sleeves.Crush tube and apply with
swab ends. Don’t use in or around eyes.

Tourniquet . .........................................For
control of haemorrhage. Loosen for a few
seconds every 15 minutes.
Effects of Hypothermia
and its Prevention
HYPOTHERMIA

A life-threatening condition in which the

body’s warming mechanism fails to maintain
normal body temperature and the entire body
cools.
BODY HEAT

1. Body heat is generated primarily through the

conversion of food to energy
2. Heat is also produced by muscle contractions, as
in exercises and fatigue works.
3. Heat is always moves from warm areas to cooler
ones. Since the body is usually warmer than the
surrounding air, it tends to loss heat to the air.
4. When the body heat increases, the body removes
heat through the skin. Blood vessels near the skin
dilate, or widen, to bring more warm blood to the
surface, heat then escape and he body cools.
5. The normal body temperature is about 36.9°C.
6. Body temperature must remain constant for the
body to work efficiently.
7. The body maintains its temperature by
constantly balancing heat and loss heat to the air.
CAUSES OF HYPOTHERMIA
The body gives off its heat to the surroundings in the
following ways:
1. CONDUCTION – is the transfer of heat by direct
contact with cold water or other materials. Heat passes
from your body, which is at a relatively high
temperature, to a substance which is lower in
temperature. Certain substances are better conductors
of heat than others. Water conducts heat many times
faster than air.
2. CONVECTION – is the transfer of heat by air or water
currents. Moving air is far cooler to the body than still
air. Cooling by wind is known as the “windchill” effect.
Similarly, disturbed or moving water around your body is
more chilling than still water at the same temperature.
 3. RADIATION – is the transfer of heat by rays of
energy without direct contact with other
substances, such as a radiator healing a room.
 4. EVAPORATION – is the vaporization, or
“drying” up, such as sweat or moisture from wet
clothing. When the body gets too hot, sweating
will occur and the evaporation of this sweat will
help to cool the skin. Although sweating can be
very useful in providing you with a comfortable
cooling effect on a hot day, evaporation of
moisture from clothing can rob you of valuable
body heat on a cold day.
Symptoms of Hypothermia

1. The normal body temperature is about 36.9

degrees Celsius. If this falls to below 35
degrees Celsius, the victim is suffering from
HYPOTHERMIA.
SIGNS
a. Shivering and increasing numbness of the body
particularly in the extremities.
b. Indicated by increasing slowness of physical and
mental responses accompanied by slurring of
speech and vision difficulties.
c. Cramp, nausea and complete lethargy may
occur.
d. Later, shivering will be replaced by persistent
muscular rigidly and lapse into
unconsciousness, with depressed breathing and
slow pulse rate.
e. Victim will die as a result of heart failure at
about 31 degrees Celsius.
f. As the internal temperature is below 30
degree Celsius death may occur.
g. Death by hypothermia is a failure to revive
the victim by rewarming.
Stages of Hypothermia

1. INITIAL IMMERSION – COLD SHOCK REACTION (2-3

minutes)
a. Sudden immersion is cold water produces a dramatic
increase in heart rate, blood pressure and breathing rate.
These response decline after a few minutes immersion.
They have been known to incapacitate or kill immersion
victim.
b. Prevention:
Adequate protective clothing will help to reduce the
effects of cold shock reaction.
Personnel should lower themselves slowly into the water,
rather than jump, in order to make the temperature
change gradually.
SHORT TERM IMMERSION – EXHAUSTION AND
DROWNING
(3-15 minutes)
a. When immersed in cold water. It is difficult to
maintain an
adequate arms and legs strokes rate when
subjected to rapid
gasping for breath, which is part of the cold
shock reaction, at
this stage victim may inhale water and drown.
b. Preventive
A life jacket with a face visor fitted will give
good protection
from wave’s splash and spray inhalation
 LONG TERM IMMERSION – EFFECTS OF
PROGRESSIVE
 COOLING (30 minutes)

 Water Temperature:

 25 degrees Celsius, you at risk of hypothermia.

 14-16 degrees Celsius – your probable survival
time in ordinary clothing and a lifejacket, will be
between 2 ½ and 9 hours.
 6-8 degrees Celsius – survival time ¾ to 2 hours.
 The body heat loss increases by exercised of
swam in an attempt to feel warmer.
 In the absence of a survival craft, you should
float quietly in your lifejacket.
 Used the AMERICAN “HELP” (heat lessening
posture) –

 Keep your elbows close to your chest and grip
the neck of
 your lifejacket, at the same time cross your legs
and bring
 them up your chest.
Management of Injured
Person
FIRST AID FOR HEAT AND COLD EMERGENCIES

COLD EMERGENCIES

Frostbite – Cover affected area handle gently,

never rub soak affected part in water 100° F to 105°F.
Do not let affected part touch bottom or sides of
container. Keep in water until red and warm bandage
with dry, sterile dressing.

Hypothermia – Call EMS personnel. Warm body

gradually by wrapping in blankets or putting on dry
clothing. Apply heat sources (hot water bottle, healing
pad if victims is dry), if available. Give warm liquids on
an alert victim. Do not rewarm too quickly. Handle
gentles.
 HEAT EMERGENCIES

 Heat cramps – have victim rest in cool place.

Give cool water or sports drink. Stretch muscle
and massage area.

 Heat – related illness – Have victim rest in
cool place. Give cool water. Monitor victim’s
condition for signals of worsening. Loosen tight
clothing. Remove perspiration-soaked clothing.
Apply cool wet cloths to skin and fan victim.
Monitor condition carefully. Call EMS
immediately. Cool the body by any means
available.
FROSTBITE

Frostbite is the freezing of body tissues. It

usually occurs in exposed areas of the body,
depending on the air temperature, length of
exposure, and the wind. Frostbite can affect
superficial or deep tissues. In superficial frostbite,
the skin is frozen, but the tissues below are not. In
the deep frostbite, also called freezing, both the
skin and underlying tissues are frozen. Both types
of frostbite are serious. The water in and between
the body’s cells freezes and swells. The ice crystals
and swelling damage or destroy the cells. Frostbite
can cause the lost of fingers, hands, arms, toes,
feet, and legs.
The signals of frostbite include:

Lack of feeling in the affected area.

Skin that appears waxy.
Skin that is cold to the touch.
Skin that is discoloured (flushed, white, yellow,
blue)
Wound
 Application
If possible, clean the wound thoroughly with
water and apply a sterile pad directly to the wound,
applying firm pressure either by hand or by
bandaging. If practicable, elevate the limb until the
bleeding has stopped. If the bleeding is severe,
endeavour to control if by finger pressure. Only use
a tourniquet as a last resort. Arteries are easily
found and gentle pressure with finger will find the
best position to control bleeding.
 A tourniquet should only be used as a last
resort the bleeding cannot be controlled by
hand or dressing. Apply the tourniquet above
the wound and release for several seconds
every 15 minutes. Should be extremity become
cold and bluish in colour, release the tourniquet
more frequently. In extreme cold, the
tourniquet should be release at more frequent
intervals and every effort should be made to
keep the treatment area as warm as possible.
Burns
Cover the area with a clean burn dressing. Do not
pull off
clothing sticking to the burnt area. Do not touch at
the area
with fingers or burst any blister. Give small
quantities of water
by mouth. Handle the patient gently at all times.
Application
Apply a petrolatum gauze bandage in at least
two layers over
the burned surface and extending about two
inches beyond it.
The first dressing should be allowed to
remain in place,
changing only the outer dry bandage as
needed for at least 10
days, unless signs of infection develops, the
dressing should
remove the burn treated as an infected
wound. Watch for
blueness and coldness of the skin beyond the
dressing, and loosen the
dressing if this occurs.
APC (and aspirin, phenacetin, and caffeine
combination) tablets taken every three hours
will help relieve the
pain, size, or pressure, use a sterile needle to
pierce the blister at the
edge near healthy skin and obtain drainage by
this method.
Fractures

Immobilize the fractures as firmly as

possible using the patient’s own body as a
splint if nothing else is available, for example
strap a broken leg to the good leg, a broken
arm to the body etc. Triangular bandages are
available in the first aid kit for the purpose,
stomach, if neck has not been sufficiently
extended. Be aware of this potential problem
and frequently check that the patients’ airways
has not been obstructed.
Shock

The patient’s skin will be cold and clammy,

his breathing rapid and pulse rapid and weak. Stop
bleeding, loosen tight clothing, relieve pain and
make the patient comfortable. Cover the extra
clothing but do not-warm as this increases blood
circulation and may be detrimental to patient who
has lost blood. Raise the patient’s lower limbs and
turn the head to one side. If the patient has a head
injury or has difficulty in breathing, do not raise the
legs, but instead support the shoulders and raise
the body slightly. An unconscious person should be
placed in the recovery position.
Treat and Preventive Shock

1. Stop the bleeding, if the present

2. Remove wet clothing, under covers if possible.
Wrap the person in blankets to keep in the body
heat. Remember that more blankets are needed
under the body than cover it.
3. Raise the legs so that they are about a foot the
body and put rolled-up blankets or clothes under
the body so that it also is higher than the head,
unless the head is injured. In this case put the
folded blanket or coat under head and shoulders.
The patient should not sit up. Keep him or her as
quiet as possible.
4. Apply heating pad, found in the abandonship
kits, to the belly and groin. Great care should
be taken not to burn the skin, especially of a
person who has fainted. Wrap the pad in a piece
of clothing to prevent overheating the skin. Too
much heat is just as harmful as cold.
Immersion Foot

Immersion foot is a cold injury resulting

from prolonged exposure to temperatures just
above freezing. In the early stages of immersion
foot, your feet and toes are pale and feel cold,
numb and stiff. Walking becomes difficult. If
you don’t take preventive action at this stage,
your feet will swell and become very painful. In
extreme cases of immersion foot, the flesh dies,
and amputation of the foot or the leg may be
necessary
 Because the early stages are not very painful, you
must be constantly alert to prevent the
development of immersion foot. To prevent this
condition:

1. Keep your feet by wearing waterproof footgear

and keeping your raft dry.
2. Clean and dry your socks and shoes at every
opportunity.
3. Dry you feet as soon as possible after getting
them wet.
4. Warm your feet with your hands, apply foot
powder and put on dry socks.
5. When you must wear socks and shoes, exercise
your feet continually by wiggling your toes and
bending your ankles. When sleeping in a sitting
position, warm your feet, put on dry socks and
elevate your legs as high as possible. Do not wear
tight shoes.

6. Treat immersion foot by keeping the affected

part dry and warm. If possible, keep the foot and
leg in a horizontal position to increase circulation
7. Pass aromatic spirits of ammonia under the
nose of the patient. If he or she has passed out.
Try it yourself first. If the patient is conscious,
give him or her teaspoonful in a half glass of
water and repeat every half an hour until he or
she feels stronger. If you can’t get hot drinks,
hove hat water, tea or coffee one teaspoon at a
time, so that the patient has a total of one cup
once every hour Never pour liquids into the
mouth of a person who has passed out.
8. Pain makes shock worse. It there is severe pain,
give one-half grain of morphine, if available. To
give morphine, take off the transparent cover of the
morphine Syrette. Take hold of the wine loop and
push the wire in so that it makes a hole in the inner
seal. Pull out the wire and throw it away. Be careful
not to left fingers or anything else come into
contact with fingers, thrust in the needle to half its
length, and slowly squeeze the tube from the end.
It takes 20 to 30 minutes to get the total effect. An
additional dose may be given in three hours if
necessary. Do not give morphine in a head case or
to a person who has fainted.
9. Rub the patient’s arms and legs briskly in an
upward direction under the covers to increase
circulation and help warm him or her.

10. The patient may vomits as he or she starts

to recover. Do not let the patient get up raise
the head slightly and turn it to one side.
Sunburn

Keep the face, head and body covered if

possible. The salve for burns or the eye ointment in
the first aid kit will give relief. If blisters form don’t
open them. If they break, dust them lightly with
sulfanilamide powder, cover with gauze and
bandage lightly. If you have no sulfa powder, cover
with a wet bandage or rag. Don’t use massage oil.
Heat Exhaustion and Sunstroke

These are not the same thing and different in

symptoms and in treatment. In heat exhaustion the
victim is dizzy, weak often has nausea, cramps in
the muscles, and is only party conscious. The face
is pale; the skin is cool and perspiring.

The pulse is weak and breathing is shallow.

Loosen the tight clothing and protect the victim
from the sun if possible. Keep him warm and
perfectly quiet. If patient can be aroused, give
aromatic spirits of ammonia, one-half teaspoon to
one-half glass of water, and drinking water if there
is some.
If sunstroke, the victim is dizzy, irritable and
has a headache. The face is flushed, very hot
and dry to the touch. He or she may suddenly
fail unconscious. His or her pulse is strong and
he or she may breathes heavily. Shade the head
and body if at all possible. Cool the victim off
by putting his or her wrists in the sea.
Sprains

Bandage the sprain and immobilize the area.

Application of a cold compress may prevent
swelling. Elevate the injured extremity. Six to eight
hours after the swelling has decreased, the
application of heat to the local area will ease the
pain. If it is necessary to use the sprained limb,
immobilize the injured area as much as possible
with a splint or heavy wrapping. If no break bones
are involved, a sprained limb can be used to certain
limits
Dislocations

If there is no one who knows how to put a

dislocated shoulder back in place, put the arm
in a sling and tie upper arm to the body with a
broad bandage so that it can’t move.
Chest wounds

Open chest wounds trough which the air can

be heard passing should be covered with a large
dressing. Air entering the wound will collapse the
lungs. Consequently, the patch should be firmly
applied at the movement of maximum exhalation,
just before air is inhaled. The patch should be firm
enough to seal the wound but not tight enough to
restrict the chest movements.
Eye Injury

Clean the eyes as thoroughly by rinsing it

with clean water. A foreign body not stuck in the
eye must be removed by filling the eye with a boric
acid ointment which will bring the particle to the
edge of the eye where it can be removed. Do not
attempt to remove the foreign bodies embedded in
the eye. Fill the eye ointment and cover with a
dressing. Give APC tablet for pain.
Sore Eyes

Glare from sky and water may cause eyes

become bloodshot, inflamed, and painful.
Improvised an eye shield from the cloth and
bandage the eyes lightly if they hurt. Moisten a
piece of gauze or cotton with seawater and lay
it over the eyes before bandaging.
Treatment of Wounds

If serious, stop bleeding, then treat shock and then

prevent infection.

a. Lay the patient flat, if possible.

b. Get as the wound by cutting the clothing. If
absolutely necessary, and cut away as little as
possible so that the patient won’t be cold.
c. If the wound has stopped bleeding do not wash
away a clot or cab unless it is crusted with dirt, as it
may start bleeding again. Fuel oil on the clot will do
not harm.
d. Sprinkle sulphanilamide powder, if available, on
the wound and surrounding skin, or if that is not
available, apply antiseptic. Do not try to remove
pieces of clothing, metal or bone from the wound
unless they are loose, as the bleeding may start
again or increase. If necessary, wash the wound
with seawater.
e. Do not touch the wound with your fingers. Take a
large compress without touching the side to be put
next to the wound – cover the injury, and hold in
place firmly with a bandage. Do not disturb the
dressing unless it becomes painful; then loosen it
but do not remove it. If blood soaks through, put
another compress on top and hold it in place firmly
with another bandage.
The compresses are made up of many square
layers of gauze an are in the first aid kit.

F. Stop bleeding; usually the compress

and bandage do the trick.

1) If an arm or leg is bleeding, raise it high.

Bleeding can often be stopped by putting the
hands tightly around the arm leg.
2) If the blood is dark red and flowing
smoothly, it is from vein. A large compress over
the wound, held firmly in place with the hand, is
put on first. Try to get a firm pressure with the
hand down to the bone – this will stop almost
all bleeding. Then put on a firm but not tight
bandage. If bleeding continues, put pressure
with the fingers on the nearest pressure point
on the side of the wound away from the heart.
 Handling Survival Craft
and Rescue Boat in Rough
Seas
Handling Survival Craft and Rescue
Boat in Rough Seas:
A. Handling a power boat in rough
seas
1. When under choppy seas, speed
should be reduced to avoid shipping
seas, to reduce strain on the hull,
and engine racing when it rides clear
of the water.
2. Boat may be swamped if it run to
fast against the seas.
3. When heading into the sea, make
fair speed by careful nursing;
watching the seas and slowing down
or even stopping for a moment, as
heavier seas bear down upon the
5. Turning against the wind and the sea is difficult
so as it must be made with great timing and
precision.
6. Boat occupants should keep down low keeling
boat balance. To much weight forward may cause
bow to plunge into the waves and swamp by
plowing the sea, too much weight aft will cause the
boat to fall off.
7. When running before a heavy sea weight aft will
reduce yawing, but will cause bow to ride too high.
8. Boat broaching can cause capsize and with
large waves coming behind a boat can cause
pitch poling, flipping end over end.
9. Engine and rudder should be used wisely to
avoid broaching. The use of sea anchor should
also be of great advantage, but making careful
not entangling the propeller.
B. Handling Liferaft on rough weather

An inflatable liferaft can be capsized

easily by strong wind. To minimize the following
must be undertaken:

1. Stream sea anchor, it will position entrance door

90 degrees against the wind direction.
2. Deflate liferaft flooring if inflated, so it will glide
with the wave and water contour by pushing the
inflation valve.
3. Keep an even weight distribution clinging on
the becketted lines around inside the liferaft.
4. Keep full length of the towing line between
several liferaft tied together.
5. Keep entrance door close, but beware of C02
accumulation, within the raft, so keep
ventilation air periodically to avoid suffocation.
Use of Painter, Sea-
Anchor and all other
Equipment
Painter line- A line connected to a liferaft
container one end is attached to a strongest
point of a ship. thug the painter line hard to
inflate the liferaft.

Sea Anchor/Drogue- Reduces the rate of drift

in liferaft,it is use also to stabilize liferaft to
prevent capsizing.
Equipment

1. Rescue line (1) – A buoyant plastic ring with 75

feet of 1/8” nylon line which is contained in a
clearly marked pocket near the stern opening o the
canopy. It is used in rescuing anyone who drifts
away from the boat or is beyond reach of the boat
while in the water.
2. Sea Anchor (2) – One sea anchor is attached to a
D ring located in a pocket between the upper and
lower tubes so as to allow it to fall into the water
upon inflation of the boat. Spare sea anchor is
stowed in a pocket inside the boat.
3. Floatable Knife (1) – The floatable knife is stowed
in a pocket on the outside of the canopy near the
bow opening.
 4.Hand Pump (2) – The hand pumps are stowed in
clearly marked pockets at each end of the boat. It
used to inflate floors and to “TOP OFF” the boat
should any decrease in tube pressure occur after
the initial air inflation.
5.Sealing Clamps (emergency repair) (2 sets) – Six
sealing clamps, sizes 3", 5" and 7 ½” along with
instructions are provided for making emergency
repairs, such as, punctures or tears. These clamps
are stowed in a clearly marked pocket amidships
6. One (1) set of oars sectionalized
7. One (1) set of crutches
8. Two (2) boat hooks
9. One (1) bailer
10. Two (2) buckets,
11. One (1) survival manual
12. One (1) boat compass in binnacle
13. One (1) sea anchor
14. Two (2) painters
15. Two (2) hatchets
16. 3 liters of fresh water per person
17. 1 rustproof dipper with lanyard
18. 1 rustproof graduated cup
19. 1 ration of provision with at least 10,000
KJ for each
person
20. (4) parachute flares
21. (6) hand flares
22. (2) smoke signals
23. (1) flashlight with spare batteries and bulbs
24. (1) signaling mirror
25. (1) whistle
26. (1) medicine chest
27. (6) doses of anti-seasickness tablets for each
person
28. (1) pocket knife with lanyard
29. (3) can openers
30. (2) rescue quoits with 75 feet of 1/8 inch nylon
line
with buoyant ring
31. (1) hand pump or foot pump
32. (1) set of fishing tackle
33. (1) fire-extinguisher CO2 or Dry powder
34. (1) searchlight
35. (1) Thermal Protective Aid (TPA)
36. (1) efficient radar reflector
37. (1) set of tools for minor adjustment of the
engine
 Detectability and
Location of Survival Craft
Maximum action to take for detectability and
location of survival crafts
In survival craft a portable radio is available,
“Distress” message should be transmitted,
following the simple instructions provided on
the equipment. If an EPIRB or SART is provided
switch on. Rescuers can “home in” on these
signals.
Distress flares and rockets should be used
sparingly and only when there is a likelihood of
their being seen. If the sun is shining, the
HELIOGRAPH can be used to attract attention. If
sighted by searching aircraft and RADAR reflector
for searching sea crafts, it may be some time before
rescue is at hand but your location will be known.

Keep a positive attitude of mind about your survival

and rescue.
 DISTRESS AND LIFESAVING SIGNAL

DISTRESS SIGNALS
 Firing of a gun or explosive for a duration of one
minute
 Continuous sounding of fog signal apparatus
 Hoisting of square flag above or below it a ball
 Flame on a vessel – burning tar barrel or oil
barrel.
 Spoken word MAYDAY by radiotelephony (RT).
 Auto-alarm signals.
 RT – Two distinctive Tones (sound like a beep
of police car)
 WT – Consisting of 12 dashes for about one
minute.
 Hoisting of International Code Flag “NC” – I am
requiring
immediate assistance.
Methods of Helicopter
Rescue
METHODS OF HELICOPTER RESCUE

1. Requirement needed when requesting

Helicopter Assistance

 Most accurate position (Coordinates)

 Time, Course and Speed
 Name of Ship
 Color of Hull or superstructures
 Weather condition and sea condition
 Wind direction and force
2. Establish communication with helicopter – Maintain
radio watch of VHF channel 16 and 2182 KHz frequency
band.

3. Preparations prior to receiving helicopter.

a. Vessel proceed on steady course and speed

b. Select and clear the most suitable area, preferably aft
with a minimum radius of 50 feet of clear deck.
c. Secure all loose gears, awnings, antenna wires and
lower flag staff.
d. Hoist a flag to indicate wind direction – to be
illuminated by light at night.
e. Portable fire-fighting equipment's be stationed near
the pick-up area.
f. If the area cannot be cleared, lift personnel to a
lifeboat to be towed astern.
g. If the helicopter operates at the AFT END give a
minimum ship motion wind 30 degrees on the port
bow.
h. If the helicopter operates forward of the vessel
wind should be 30 degrees on the starboard
quarter.
i. Wind – indicator of relative wind should be given
by flag motion.
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

a. DO NOT touch the winchman, stretcher, or winch

hook until it has been earthed.

b. DO NOT secure any lines passed down from the

helicopter.

c. DO NOT fire rockets or use line throwing

appliances in the vicinity of the helicopter.

d. DO NOT transmit on radio whilst winching is in

progress.
e. DO NOT shine light at night at the helicopter
that might blind the pilot.

f. DO NOT step on a bight of the highline, nor

permit any person to cross a tensioned or
tended line.

g. DO wear rubber gloves, lifejackets all

personnel involve in the operation
HELICOPTER HOIST OPERATIONS

a. Reduce speed to ease ship’s motion.

b. Try to choose a course that will keep the
stack gases or smoke clear of the hoist area.
c. If hoist is to takes place at night, light the
pick-up area.
d. Place a light on any obstructions in the
vicinity to alert the pilot and turn them off when
the helicopter arrives on the scene
e. The following hosting signals may used.
1.) DO NOT HOIST – Arms are extended
horizontally, fingers clenched thumbs down.

2.) HOIST – Arms raised above the horizontal,

thumbs up. If a survivor has to give the hoisting
signal himself, he should raised only one arm to
prevent slipping out of the sling.
HELICOPTER PICK UP OPERATION
During rescue operations
a helicopter normally uses
a special device for hoisting
and or lowering persons.
Some frequently lower a
member of their own crew aboard the ship
for assisting the disembarkation
procedures and in the use of the
equipment. Evacuation of persons, the end
hoisting cable may provide with one of the
following means:
1. Rescue Sling – The rescue sling is suited for
the purpose of quickly picking up persons,
but unsuitable for patients.
It is made of webbed belted material similar
to that used in parachute harness. In the
putting on the sling, ensure that the loop is
passed behind the back and under both
armpits.
The person using the sling must face the
hook; hands should be clasped in front. One
must not sit in the sling, nor should the sling is
unhooked.
 Some SAR helicopter units, used the double
lift method which consists of the normal rescue
sling, and a seating belt manned by helicopter
crew member, puts on the person into the sling
and conduct the hoist operation.

2. Rescue Basket – Use of rescue basket does

not require any special measures.
The person to be hoisted should be merely
climbs in, remain seated and holds on.
Helicopter
3. Rescue Net – Rescue net has a conically shaped
“bird cage” appearance and is open on one side.
The person is use the net merely enters the
opening, sits in the net and holds on.
4. Rescue Litter – This special litter provided by the
helicopter. To this litter, bridles are fitted, and it
can quickly and safely be hooked on and off, for
which purpose a suitable hook is attached to the
hoisting cable.
5. Rescue Seat – Looks like a three pronged anchor
with flat flukes or seats. The person to be hoisted
merely sits astride one or two of the seats and
wraps his arms around the shank. This device can
be used to hoist two persons at once.
 EVACUATION OF SURVIVORS ON BOARD
LIFERAFT BY HELICOPTER
RESCUE LITTER

1. The helicopter does not have any power control

so it is essential that sea-anchor are deployed or
the raft will move quickly due to the down-draught
from the helicopter.
2. To lesson the effect of the down-draught the
helicopter may cover high.
3. Ensure all the occupants of the liferaft are
wearing a lifejackets.
4. The liferaft floor (if inflated) and arches need to
be deflated to reduce the possibility of capsizing.
5. If the winchman is lowered to the liferaft he
will be in change.
6. Sit on the canopy to flatten it down, this will
also make it easier while the hoisting is being
carried out.
7. If the liferaft capsized the winchman may cut
open the exposed floor.
8. If the winchman is present on the liferaft the
casualties must be evacuated first.
9. If the winchman is not present the first
evacuee must be someone who can
communicate the situation to the helicopter
crew.
10. The capacity of the helicopter may not be
such as to allow total evacuation of the liferaft.
11. The capacity of the helicopter will reduced if
there have been any casualties on the
stretchers.
12. If the total evacuation has not been
achieved, re-instate the deflated floor and
arches the resume normal survival routines
until the evacuation can be completed.
 Marshalling Survival
Craft and Rescue of
Survivors and Persons in
the Sea
 MARSHALLING SURVIVAL CRAFT

1. Motor lifeboats are used to Marshall

survival crafts to tie them together.
2 . Use full length of the towing line or
enough slack for sea movement.
3. Stream/deploy sea anchor to minimize drifts:
orient survival craft against the sea. Avoid
tangling with the propeller.
BOARDING A LIFERAFT WHEN IN WATER

Boarding a liferaft from the water alone is hard.

It needs a practice but can be done
systematically to avoid muscle cramping and to
conserve energy.
a. Hold on to boarding straps at entrance door.
b. Use the boarding ladder as footholds.
c. You may bob down using the buoyancy of
your life jacket to push you up.
d. Heave in yourself using straps and ladder by
creeping over the buoyancy tube.
e. Flip when your body is almost over the
buoyancy tube.
f. Be careful not to hit other raft occupants.
Getting unconscious person into the raft is best
done by:

a. keeping his back to the raft

b. hold on to the victim’s armpit firmly
c. bob victim’s body down to the water, and
d. pill up as lifejacket buoyancy tosses him/her
up
Beaching Lifeboat
 Beaching Lifeboat

1. The beaching of lifeboat may be one of the most

dangerous parts of the entire experience.
2. Approach an island on the lee side if possible,
make every effort to attract inhabitants for
assistance.
3. If no help is available, sail parallel to the coast to
study the terrain and determine the safest place to
beach the boat.
4. Delay landing at night and beach the boat by
daylight.
5. Landing thru surf, unless absolutely necessary, is
best avoided.
 Landing a Totally Open Lifeboat with oars
1. Keep the boat ’s head to sea and row to meet
breaking waves, i.e.
2. The sea anchor can be used to assist in keeping
the boat from broaching.
3. Put on lifejackets before entering the surf line.
4. Unship the rudder before control in surf zone.
5. Storm oil should be used to reduce the
roughness of the surf.
6. In order to land surf with oars it is necessary to
remain outside the breakers to study the surf
carefully. It is necessary to head seaward follow the
steps.
7. Two different procedures for beaching in surf.
 Radio Life-Saving
Appliances carried in
Survival Craft
RADIO EQUIPMENTS

A. INMARSAT – INTERNATIONAL MARITIME

SATELITE

RT - Radiotelephony
WT - Wireless Telegraph
DSC - Digital Selective Calling
NBDP - Narrow Band Direct
Printing
RADIO EQUIPMENT REQUIRED BY SOLAS 88 TO ALL
SHIPS:

1. VHF installation capable of transmitting and

receiving DSC on frequency band 156.525 MHz
channel 70 and RT on frequencies 156.300 MHz
channel 06, 156.650 MHz channel 13, and 156.800
MHz channel 16.
2. A radio installation capable of maintaining a
continuous DSC watch on VHF channel 70 which
may be separate from or combined with DSC.
3. A SART capable of operating in the 9 GHz (3
centimeter) frequency band which shall be stowed
that it can be easily be utilized, or required for
survival craft.
4. EPIRB
Global Communication System
(TERRESTIAL COMMUNICATION)

1. LONG RANGE SERVICE

a. Use of HF 3-30 MHz frequency band provided a
long range service in both the ship-to-shore
directions.
b. DSC forms the basis of distress alerting and
safety communications. RT or NBDP can perform
distress and safety communication following DSC
call.
2. MEDIUM RANGE SERVICE
a. Provided on 2 MHz frequency band
b. In the ship-to-shore, ship-to-ship and shore-
to-ship directions.
Frequencies:

2187 KHz– will be used for distress alerts and

safety calls using DSC

2187 KHz– will be used for distress and

safety traffic by RT, including SAR coordinating
and on scene communication.

2174.5 KHz – will be used for radio telex

(NBDP) distress and safety traffic.
3. SHORT RANGE SERVICE

Frequencies:

156.525 – MHz channel 70 – for distress

alerts and safety calls using DSC.

156.800 – MHz channel 16 – for distress

and safety traffic by RT including SAR
coordinating and on-scene communication.
 RADIO BEACONS

EPIRB – Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacons

a. Descriptions and Operations

(1) Capable of transmitting distress alert using DSC or
VHF Channel 70.
(2) Transmit a horning signals on 121. 5 MHz and
234 MHz simultaneously, the civil and military
distress frequencies.
(3) Effective range to aircraft via SARSAT 100-200
miles.
(4) Incorporating 406 MHz transmitter activation will
provide a signal which the satellite can also stored
internally, this can be interrogated to give the
location, type of vessel, name of vessel, number of
personnel on board and other details registered
against the beacon serial number.
The mode switch

The mode switch is the only operating control

the JQE-2A EPIRB. The switch has four positions.
They are OFF, MANUAL, AUTO, and TEST.

OFF -------------- The EPIRB is totally

deactivated
MANUAL ------ Turns the EPIB “ON”
AUTO ----------- Permits automatic “TURN ON”
when the used with the float
bracket
TEST ------------ Used to check the EPIRB
transmitter operation
The EPIRB is shipped with the Mode switch “locked”
in the OFF position by the nylon protective stop
lever. This prevents the EPIRB from being
accidentally activated during shipment.

In the OFF position the EPIRB is totally

deactivated. When the EPIRB is mounted in the
manual bracket, the Mode Switch is Left in the OFF
position.

When the EPIRB is mounted in the Float Free

release bracket the OFF position of the switch is
used when it is necessary to:
(1) Perform maintenance on the EPIRB
(2) To remove the EPIRB from the Float Free
Bracket for any purpose other than an
emergency.
(3) To ship, transport, or store the unit.

To change the position of the mode switch

to either Manual or Auto position it is necessary
to lift the tab of the protective stop lever to
release if from its locking peg. Swing the lever
out so that the switch knob can be rotated
without hitting a stopping stud.
 CHANGING THE MODE SWITCH
WARNING
THIS TRANSMITTER IS
AUTHORIZED
FOR USE ONLY DURING
SITUATIONS WARNING
OF GRAVE
THIS AND
POSITION OFIMMINENT
THE SWITCH
DANGER.
SHOULD BE SELECTED ONLY IN
SITUATIONS INVOLVING GRAVE OR
IMMINENT DANGER.
This position of the switch can always be used with
the EPIRB regardless of the whether it is installed in
the either a Float or Manual bracket.

“THE MANUAL POSITION PLACES THE EPIRB

INTO IMMEDIATE EMERGENCY OPERATION.”

To select this position, lift the lock of the

protective stop lever to release it from its locking
peg. Swing the lever out so that the switch can be
rotated without hitting a stopping stud, notate the
switch to the MANUAL position, then swing the
lever back and secure it on the locking peg.
The OFF Positions

In the OFF position, the EPIRB is totally

deactivated. When the EPIRB is mounted in the
manual bracket, the Mode Switch is left in the
OFF position.
When the EPIRB is mounted in the Float Free
release bracket the OFF position of the switch is
used when it is necessary to:

(1) Perform maintenance on the EPIRB.

(2) To remove the EPIRB from its Float Free

Bracket for any purpose order than an
emergency.
SART – Search and Rescue Radar Transponder

Descriptions and Operations

(1) Main means in the GMDSS for locating ship’s in

distress or their survival craft.
(2) Operates in the 9 GHZ frequency band
(3) Operates at standby condition for 96 hours and
will provide responses for 8 hours when being
continuously interrogate.
(4) Generates series of response signal of 12 dot blips
code interrogated by X-Band 3 CM wavelength radar.
(5) When SART is within one mile, the 12 dots changes
to a wide arch and then to a complete circle as SART
is closed.
(6) Can be either portable for use to survival craft
and permanently installed on the ship, on Float-
Free Device.
(7) Can be activated manually or automatically on a
float free when placed into the water, will thereafter
response when interrogated by radar.
(8) With one meter height of antenna above sea
label, detections range by air craft radar is 40
miles.
(9) Shipborne radar detection range, 5 miles with
15 ft height of radar antenna above sea label.
(10) The SART is fastened on its container and fixed
to the handrail on the compass deck or fixed to the
wall outside the bridge. Fitting in this manner, the
survivors can easily listen to the audible monitor
(for mother ship)
(11) For liferaft fitting) the SART is fastened on its
container and it is fixed on the boarding gate by
lanyard to gate fastener as convenient. The audible
monitor can be heard through the container tube.
(12) For lifeboat fitting fit the SART on the board
roof through the mounting attachment. The
audible monitor can be heard inside the lifeboat.
OPERATING PROCEDURE

In emergency, the SART in the container is removed

front he bridge and activated as follow:
(1) Unscrew the container cap (a).
(2) Take out the SART (b) from its container.
(3) Unscrew the black tail-cap (c) of the SART (b)
(4) Activate the SART (b) by turning on the switch
(d) (ST. BY).
(5) Verify the green LED (e) illuminating (stand-by
condition)
KEEP BLACK TAIL CAP (C) UNFITTED DURING
OPERATION

(6) Place the SART (b) on the container with the

lanyard through the shift
(7) Screw the container cap (a) to fasten the
SART (b) on the container.
(8) Fit the container vertically to sea level by
lanyard or fastener.
Fitting example for mother ship

The SART is fastened omits container and

fixed to the handcraft on the compass deck (see
Fig 6) or fixed to the wall outside the bridge.
Fighting in this manner, the survivors can easily
listens to the audible monitor.
Fitting example for liferaft

The SART is fastened on its container and it is

fixed in the boarding gate by lanyard or gate
fastener as convenient. The audible monitor can be
heard through the container tube.

Fitting example for lifeboat

Fit the SART on the roof through the

mounting attachment. The audible monitor can be
heard inside the lifeboat.
Pyrotechnics Distress
Signal
PARTS:

A. Call

1 – Distress Signal – MAYDAY 3 times

2 – (This is) Name/Call signs of vessel in
distress – 3 times
B. Text

Time Position in coordinates

Indicate Shipboard Emergency
The effects of Emergency to the stability of the ship
Ship Status
Ship sinking – time of sinking and number of
persons on-board
Not sinking – assistant needed

C. Ending Sign

-MAYDAY 3 times
PARTS:

A. Call

1. Name/call sign of vessel in distress – 3 times

2. (This is) Name/call sign of acknowledging
ship – 3 times
B. Text

1. Received
2. Time, position (in coordinates) course and
speed proceeding your area.
3. E.T.A
4. Assistance to be rendered

C. Ending Sign

-MAYDAY (Once)
 DISTRESS AND LIFESAVING SIGNAL

I. DISTRESS SIGNALS

Firing of a gun or explosive for a duration of one

minute
Continuous sounding of fog signal apparatus
Hoisting of square flag above or below it a ball
Flame on a vessel – burning tar barrel or oil barrel.
Spoken word MAYDAY by radiotelephony (RT).
Auto-alarm signals.
RT – Two distinctive Tones (sound like a
bip of police car)
Wt – Consisting of 12 dashes for about
one minute.
Hoisting of International Code Flag “NC” – I am
requiring
immediate assistance.
A rocket parachute flares showing red color.
 PYROTECHNICS

1. Rocket parachute flare-slow descend of 300

meters height 25 miles visibility, activated 3-4
seconds.
2. Smoke signal – will produce smokes for
about 3 minutes
3. Dye marker – for colouring the sea to attract
attention of passing aircraft/vessel, with 1
minute illumination.
4. Hand flare – burns for 60 seconds at 15,000
candles minimum.
PRECAUTIONS:

1. In activating all types of pyrotechnics care must

be observed to handle the flares at arms length in
a vertical position.
2. Read the instructions for the particulars
indicated at the individual cover.
3. The flare must be held outward of a
lifeboat/liferaft to avoid drops and facing slightly
to inward.
4. Pyrotechnics life is 3 years from manufacturing
date.

12 – aboard ship
8 – lifeboat
6 – liferaft